Maƙalar da aka Shirya Gabatarwa a Taron Ƙara wa Juna Sani na Ƙasa-da-ƙasa a Kan Gudummuwar Fasaha ga ci Gaba, Wanda Tsangayar Fasaha da Addinin Musulunci, Jami’ar Bayero, Kano ta Shirya, Daga Ranar Laraba 5 ga Watan Oktoba Zuwa Ranar Asabat 8 ga Watan Oktoba, Shekara ta 2016
Tsakure
An daɗe ana amfani da wasannin kwaikwayo wajen isar da saƙwanni ga al’ummar Hausawa. Saƙwannin sun shafi ilimantarwa da faɗakarwa da nishaɗantarwa. Kuma suna yin tasiri a cikin rayuwar al’umma. Wasannin da ake shiryawa ba su tsaya kan jigogin da aka gina su sun daidaita ba. Hakan na faruwa ne sakamakon kwaikwayon al’adun wasu al’umomi da suka haɗa da Turawa, da Indiyawa da sauransu. Hakan ta kai ga wasu manazarta na kallon cewa, batun maganar fina-finan Hausa suna wakiltar al’adun Hausawa sai dai a kitse da ƙwarƙwa kawai. Lokuta da dama ma ana ganin cewa, idan aka cire harshen da ake amfani da shi cikin fina-finan (Hausa), to ba su da wata sauran alaƙa da al’adun Hausawa. Wannan ya sa abin ya zama bambaraƙwai nono da gishiri. Wannan takarda ta tarkato wasu daga cikin ɗabi’u kamar yadda suke fitowa a cikin waɗannan fina-finai na Hausa. Ɗabi’un sun haɗa da sutura da magana har ma da halayya. Hakan ya haifar da samuwar wasu miyagun ɗabi’u tattare da rayuwar al’ummar Hausawa ta yau da kullum.
Muhimman kalmomi: Fina-finai, Ɗabi’u, Hausa
Na
Yakubu Aliyu GOBIR (Ph. D.)
Department of Nigerian Languages
Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto
08035605024, 07087765510
Email Address: yagobir@yahoo.co.uk
da
Abu-Ubaida SANI
Department of Educational Foundations
Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto
Phone No. 08133529736
Email Adress: abuubaidasani5@gmail.com
Gabatarwa
Fina-finan Hausa sun sami gindin zama na sosai a tsakanin al’ummar Hausawa. Tuni harkar shirya fina-finai ta zama wani ɓangare na rayuwar al’umma (Fage, 2004, Gidan Dabino, 2001). Harkar fina-finai ya kasance kasuwanci wanda jama’a da dama suka dogara a kansa domin samun abin sawa a baka. Sannan mutane da dama sun yi arziki ta dalilinsa. Wani abin burgewa dangane da harkar fim shi ne, rukunin masu sana’o’i da dama ne suke cin gajiyarsa. Sun haɗa da mawaƙa da taurari (‘yan wasa) da masu ɗaukar hoto na kati da na bidiyo da masu kwalliya da masu shagunan sai da kaset da masu shagunan tura waƙoƙi da fina-finai zuwa ga wayoyi da ma wasu rukunonin masu sana’o’i daban-daban. A taƙaice harkar fim na da tasiri a kan tattalin arziki matuƙa (Gidan Dabino, 2001; Aminu, 2004; Larkin, 2004; Chamo, 2004).
A ɗaya ɓangaren kuma, fina-finan Hausa suna zaman figi-naka-na-figi-nawa ne tsakaninsu da al’adun Hausawa. Dalili kuwa shi ne, al’adun Hausawan na taka rawar gani cikin tsarin fina-finan. Yayin da a ɗaya ɓangaren kuma, su fina-finan ne ke jan akalar al’adun Hausawa zuwa wata ƙurya ta daban. Za a iya ganin hakan idan aka yi la’akari da yadda fina-finan suke yin tasiri a kan rayuwar al’umma. Sukan samar da sara da sababbin ɗabi’u da dama (Bunza, 2002; Iyan-tama, 2004; Ibrahim, 2004)
Wannan aiki ya bi sawun tarihin samuwar wasan kwaikwayo a taƙaice. Sannan ya waiwayi shigowar wasan kwaikwayo na zamani zuwa ƙasar Hausa da kuma fara shirya fina-finan Hausa. Manazarta da dama sun gudanar da bincike game da lokacin da aka fara samun fina-finan Hausa. Sai dai sakamakon binciken manazartan yakan ɗan bambanta saboda raunin tarihi. Manazarta da suka yi tsokaci kan tarihin samuwar fina-finan Hausa a cikin ayyukansu daban-daban sun haɗa da; Yimi, (1981); gidan Dabino, (2001); Ali, (2004) da sauransu. Baya ga haka, aikin ya kawo waɗansu ɗabi’u da suka samu a dalilin fina-finan Haua. Muradin aikin ya ta’allaƙa ne a kan nuna waɗannan ɗabi’u ba tare da mayar da hankali kan yanke hukunci game da kyawu ko rashin kyawunsu ba.
Bayan waɗannan, aikin ya waiwayi tasirin fina-finan Hasau (kamar sauran ɓangarorin adabin Bahausahe na zamani – zube da rubutacciyar waƙa), a kan rayuwar Bahaushe. Sakamakon yana nuni da cewa, adabin na mazaunin akala da ke sarrafa al’ummar Hausawa. Daga ƙarshe kuma aikin ya kawo wasu shawarwari game da hanyoyi ko matakan da za su iya sanya fina-finan Hausa su kasance masu taka-rawar-gani wajen ci gaban al’umma baki ɗaya.
Ma’anar muhimman lalmomi na cikin take
Fim: Fim wata hikima ce ta hoto mai motsi da ke ɗauke da hotunan mutane, wato hotunan mata ko maza, yara ko manya ko kuma ma wanin mutane, wanda aka ɗauka ko kuma hanyar yin amfani da na’urar ɗaukar ta musamman, tare da bai wa mutane (kowannensu) damar tafiyar da wasu ayyuka ta fuskar kwaikwayo ko waninsa, a wani ɗan lokaci da aka keɓe wanda shi wasan kwaikwayo yake ɗauke da wani saƙo na musamman kan nishaɗi da gargaɗi da wa’azi da soyayya da tarihi ko wanin haka, zuwa ga al’ummar duniya (Kiyawa, 2013).
Ɗabi’a: Ɗabi’a na nufin halin mutum ko al’adarsa (Ƙaraye, da Yalwa, 2006). A wannar takarda, ɗabi’a ta ɗauki ma’anar duk wani hali na al’umma, tun daga magana, tafiya, sutura, cin abinci da ma sauran abubuwan da suka shafi rayuwa ta yau-da-kullum.
Taƙaitaccen tarihin wasan kwaikwayo
Ɗanjuma (2004) ya ce, wasan kwaikwayo na farko a doron ƙasa ya samu ne tun zamanin Annabi Adam. Bayan da ‘ya’yansa biyu suka yi faɗa a kan mata, sai ɗaya ya kashe ɗaya. Wanda ya yi kisan ya shiga cikin damuwar yadda zai yi da gawar. A nan Allah ya turo da mala’iku a cikin siffar hankaki. Hankakin suka yi faɗa har ɗaya ya kashe ɗaya. A nan hankakan da ya yi kisan ya tona rami ya busne ɗan uwansa da ya kashe. Wanda daga nan ne ‘yan Adam suka kwaikwayi wannan ƙaramin wasan kwaikwayo ta hanyar busne ‘yan uwansu a duk lokacin da suka rasu.
Samuwar fim a Ƙasar Hausa
Tarihin fara fina-finan Hausa (harkar da ta fi kafuwa a Kano) yana da dangantaka ta kai-tsaye da tarihin fara fina-finai a Nijeriya baki ɗaya (Ali, 2004). Fim kuwa a Nijeriya ya samu tun kafin samuwar Nijeriya a matsayin ƙasa ɗaya. An fara fim na farko a Nijeriya ƙarƙashin kulawar Herbert Macauly a shekarar 1903 (Alfred, 1979; Ali, 2004). A ɗaya ɓangaren kuma, ba a haɗa Kudu da Arewa (a matsarin ƙasa ɗaya – Nijeriya) ba sai a shekarar 1914. Yayin da kuma aka ba wa Nijeriya ‘yancin kai a shekarar 1960 (Isichei, 1997; Douglas, 2004). Tsakanin shekarar 1903 zuwa 1970 an samu yunƙurin shirya fina-finai da dama. Ali, (2004) ya kira su da rukunin fina-finan farko na ‘yancin kai. Masu hannu a cikin waɗannan fina-finai sun haɗa da Nuhu Ramalam da Adamu Halilu. Bayan nan kuma, kamfanoni sun ɗauki nauyin shirya wasu fina-finai. Daga cikin waɗannan fina-finan akwai ‘Shehu Umar’ da ‘Amadi’ da ‘Salla Durba’ (Ali, 2004).
Fina-finan Hausa kuwa kamar yadda ake kallon su yanzu, an fara su ne tsakanin shekarar 1980 zuwa 1984 a Kano (Gidan Dabino, 2001). Fage, (2011) ya ce, fina-finan Hausa waɗanda aka fi sani da fina-finan Kanawa sun fara samun karɓuwa ne wajen 1990. A wannan lokaci an sami ƙungiyoyin fim guda uku da suka haɗa da (i) Gwauron Dutse, da (ii) Karate, da kuma (iii) Gyaranya, waɗanda kuma duka sun wanzu ne a Kano. Fina-finan farko da aka fara gudanarwa ƙarƙashin waɗannan ƙungiyoyi su ne: ‘Hukuma Maganin ‘Yan Banza’ da ‘Yan Ɗaukar Amarya’ da kuma ‘Baƙar Indiya’. Waɗanda suka ɗauki nauyin waɗannan fina-finai su ne masu ɗaukar nauyi na farko (first producers); Alhaji Hamisu da Muhammad Gurgu da kuma Sani Lamma (Gidan Dabino, 2001; Ali, 2004).
Zagari game da fina-finan Hausa
Idan aka yi la’akari da muhawarar masana da manazarta a kan alfanu da koma baya da fina-finai suke samar wa, za a iya cewa, fina-finan Hausa sun kasance hanjin jimina, akwai na ci a kwai na zubarwa. Haƙiƙa fina-finan suna taimakawa ta ɓangarori da dama. Ali, (2004) ya ce, a tsawon ƙarnuka biyu da suke wuce, samuwar fina-finan Hausa shi ne hanyar haɓaka tattalin arziki mafi girma da ya samu ga al’ummar Hausawa. Sai dai duk da haka, manazarta irin su; Iyan-tama, (2004) da Alkanawy, (2000) suna ganin samuwar finafinan Haua yana da illa ga al’ummar Hausawa. Wannan aiki ya kalli ɓangarorin biyu kamar haka:
Amfanin fina-finan Hausa
Samuwar fina-finan Hausa ya zo da ci gaba ga al’ummar Hausawa ta fannoni da dama waɗanda suka haɗa da:
Illolin fina-finan Hausa
Masu iya magana suna cewa: “Kowane allazi da nasa amanu!” Haka abin yake ga fina-finan Haua. Manazarta da malaman addini sun daɗe suna nuni ga illoli da suke tattare ga fina-finan Hausa. Abubuwan da ake ƙorafin kansu sun haɗa da:
Manazarta da dama bayan waɗannan sun tafi kan cewa fina-finan Hausa suna taka rawar gani matuƙa wajen gurɓata al’adun Hausawa. Manazartan sun haɗa da: Ɗangambo, (2013) wanda ya ce, a wani fim ɗin idan da za a cire harshen da aka yi Magana a cikinsa (Hausa) to babu yadda za a iya danganta shi da Hausawa. Guibi da Bakori (2013) sun tafi kan cewa, telebishin na ɗaya daga cikin hanyoyi mafi sauƙi da suke ɓata tarbiyyar Hausawa. Kiyawa, (2013) ya kawo wasu hanyoyi waɗanda yake ganin ta nan ne fina-fina-finan Hausa suke ruguza al’adun Hausawa. Waɗannan hanyoyi su ne:
Baya ga duka waɗannan, akwai wasu tarin manazarta da suke da wannan ra’ayi. Sun haɗa da: Mwani da Ƙanƙara, (2013) da Mai’aduwa, (2013) da Sulaiman (2013) da Ɗan Maigoro, (2013) da Gwammaja, (2013) da Abdullahi da Maidabino, (2013) da Inuwa, (2013).
Wasu ɗabi’u da suka samu dalilin fina-finan Hausa
Akwai ɗabi’u da dama da wasu al’ummar Hausawa suka ɗauka daga fina-finan Hausa. Za a iya kallon waɗannan ɗabi’u ta fiskoki uku kamar haka:
Musa: “Aminu don Allah ba ni aron ɗari biyar.”
Aminu: “Ooo, sai bayan kwana biyu!”
Kammalwa
Ga bisa dukkan alamu akwai ɗan bambance-bambance ga yadda manazarta ke kawo tarihin samuwar fina-finan Hausa. Wannan aikin ya waiwayi tarihin samuwar fina-finan Hausa a taƙaice. Haƙiƙa fina-finan Hausa suna da tasiri a kan rayuwar Hausawa. Wannan ne ma ya sanya aka samu ɗabi’u da dama a dalilin fina-finan. Waɗannan ɗabi’u sun shafi ɓangaren cin abinci, da halayya da kuma musamman sutura. Aikin ya kawo wasu daga cikin ɗabi’un da suka samu a dalilin wasannnin kwaikwayo. Waɗannan ɗabi’u sun haɗa da sarar gwaska da basaja da sai bayan kwana biyu. Bayan haka akwai sutura kamar; wasila da Jamila sitayil da babban yaro da dai sauransu.
Shawarwari
Manazarta
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Adamu, A. U. (2001). Hausa prose fiction: Towards an analytical framework. In: FAIS Journal of Humanities. Department of English and European Languages, Bayero University, Kano.
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Aminu, A. (2002). Sababbin hanyoyin sadarwa da kuma yadda suka inganta samuwar wasan kwaikwayo a Arewacin Nijeriya. In Adamu, A. U. et al (eds). Hausa Home Ɓideous: Technology, Economy and Society. Kano: Gidan Dabino Publishers.
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Waɗanda Aka Yi Hira Da Su
Yahaya, S. (2016) Tattaunawa a kan tasirin fina-finan Hausa a kan al’adun Hausawa.
Usman, U. (2016). Tattaunawa a kan tasirin fina-finan Hausa a kan al’adun Hausawa.
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