Hikimar da ke cikin adabin baka, da irin yadda Hausawa ke amfani da ita wurin sarrafa harshen nasu abu ne mai matuƙar ban sha’awa da burgewa. Ƙwarewa wajen iya sarrafa harshe a wurin Bahaushe abu ne mai muhimmanci sosai, domin ta hanyarsa yake iya nuna gwanintarsa tare da jawo hankalin mai saurare zuwa ga harshen nasa. Sarrafa harshe salo ne da Bahaushe yake amfani da shi wajen sarrafa magana ta sigogi mabambanta da ke ƙayatar da zance ko isar da wani babban saƙo ta cikin hikima kuma a wasu ’yan kalmomi dunƙulallu. Da su ake yi wa zance ado, wato adon harshe kenan a taƙaice. Hikimar sarrafa harshe kuwa, ba kowa ke da ita ba, shi ya sa da zarar an ce ga wani wanda yake ƙwararre ne ko gwani wajen iya sarrafa harshe, to za ka ga mutane na son shi, suna kuma son yin mu’amala da shi. Wannan ke nuna irin tsantsar muhimmancin da Hausawa suke ba wa wannan fanni. Ƙarangiya na daga cikin rassan sarrafa harshe.
Ma’anar ƙarangiya
Ƙarangiya salon magana ce ta hikima wacce ake yi don nuna gwanintar harshe ko koyar da yara yadda za su iya magana. Akan kuma kira wannan salon magana da Kakkarya Harshe ko Gagara- Gwari.
Masana fannin Hausa sun ba ta fassara gwargwadon hali. Farfesa Ɗangambo (1984), ya ce, “Hikima ce ta sarrafa harshe, domin koya wa yara iya magana.” Yahaya, Zariya, Gusau da ’Yar’aduwa (1992), suka ce, “Salon sarrafa saututtuka ta cuɗanya muryoyin kalmomi su riƙa maimaita junansu cikin taƙidi don nuna gwaninta.”
A wannan dabara, akan maimaita wasu kalmomi ne ko haruffa, cikin gwaninta yadda sai mutum ya tsai da hakalinsa da tunaninsa wuri guda sannan zai iya faɗar abin da ake so daidai.
Asali
Wannan salo na sarrafa harshe a cikin irin wannan siga ta ƙarangiya, tun da can Hausawa na da abunsu, ba wata ƙabila bace ta koya musu.
Rabe-raben ƙarangiya da misalansu
Anay rarraba misalan ƙarangiya ne bisa la’akari da yadda ake yin su:
1. Gagara-Gwari:
Shi ne matakin farko na salon maganar ƙarangiya wacce ake koya wa yara tun a makaranta. Saboda haka yara ma na iya yin wannan. Amma wani wanda ba Bahaushe ba ne, sannan ba a cikin Hausawa aka haife shi ba, to, faɗinsu daidai zai zama abu ne mai wuya wuya a gare shi. Misali:
- Kai jan mutumin nan,
- Ka ɗauki jar sandar can,
- Ka kori jar akuyar can,
- Mai cin jar dawar can,
- Ta gaba da gonar Jatau.
2. Ingiza-bami:
Wannan kuma salon magana ne da ka iya ingiza wanda ba ya da lura ya wayi gari yana faɗin maganar batsa ko kuma zagi a wasu lokutan. Saboda haka samari da ’yan mata su suka fi amfani da irin waɗannan. Misali:
- Na taɓa gashin muntar mussar Baba zaro-zaro.
- Na bugi bakin dokin baba da bayan hannu.
A nan da zarar kalmar dokin ta zame, sai a wayi gari mutum na faɗin “Na bugi bakin baba da bayan hannu”. Ke nan, an ingiza bami ya faɗi magana marar daɗi game da mahaifinsa.
3. Mai nuna gwaninta:
Haƙiƙa wani kayan sai amale. Shi wannan nau’in salon ƙaraginya sai gwanaye a Harshen Hausa suke iya yinsa. Mawaƙa su suka fi yin wannan don nuna gwanancewarsu a harshe. Ga wani ɗan misali daga Alhaji Musa Ɗan Kwairo, maradun ta noma;
- Mai sussukar ya iske sabre,
- Na ta susar suma,
- Kai ko na sume ka iya saƙi,
- Sai yay yi sauri yab ba sani,
- Sun ishe sa’adu ɗaka,
- Sun ba Sa’a ta shirya zane.
Muhimmancin ƙarangiya
Haƙiƙa akwai abubuwan amfani a cikin wannan salo na magana masu tarin yawa, kamar:
• Tana karantar da yara ƙwarancewa ko gwanancewa wajen sarrafa harshe. Tana kuma ƙara wa yara kaifin tunani da natsuwa, saboda su kalmomin da ake furtawa suna da kamanceceniya, sannan da sauri da sauri ake son faɗinsu.
• Nishaɗantarwa, akan samu nishaɗi cikin ƙarangiya musamman idan aka samu wanda ya kasa faɗi sai sautin ya koma wani iri wanda wannan kan saka shi mai yin da masu sauroro su yi dariya.
Kammalawa
Duba da irin yadda ƙarangiya ta samu wurin zama mai tsoka a cikin rayuwar Hausawa, lallai a iya cewa wannan reshe na adabin baka ya yi tasiri mai ƙarko. Saboda har yanzu ana ci gaba da amfani da shi a makarantu da ma sauran garuruwan Hausawa.
Manazarta
Dangambo A. (1984). Rabe-Raben Adabin Hausa da Muhimmancinsa ga Rayuwar Hausawa. Kamfanin “TRIUMPH” gidan Sa’adu Zungur Kano.
Faruk Tahir Maigari, Yadda Hausawa Ke Sarrafa Harshe, shafin jaridar Aminiya na internet, Juma’a, 13 Satumba 2019
Junaidu I. da ’Yar’aduwa T.M. (2003) Harshe da Adabin Hausa a Dunƙule.
Yahaya I. Y. (1971). Tatsuniyoyi da Wasanni, Littafi Na Ɗaya. Oxford University Press.
Yahaya I.Y., Zariya M.S., Gusau S.M. da ‘Yar’aduwa T.M (1992). Darrusan Hausa Don Manyan Makarantun Sakandire, Littafi na Uku. University Press PLC, Ibadan-Nigeria.