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AI (Kirkirarriyar Basira)

Mene ne AI kuma ya yake aiki?

AI yana bai wa kwamfuta damar yin tunani, aiki, da ba da amsar tambayoyi kusan kamar yadda Dan Adam zai yi.

Ana iya sanya bayanai a cikin kwamfutoci da yawa da kuma horar da su don gano yadda tsarin abubuwa su ke, ta hanyar yin hasashe, da warware matsaloli, har ma su iya nazari daga nasu kura-kuran.

Fasahar ta dogara ga wasu bayanai da ake kira, algorithms – wadanda wasu jerin dokoki ne da dole ne a bi su a daidai yadda aka tsara don a sami kammala aiki.

Fasahar Kirƙirarriyar Basira

An ƙaddamar da shi a 2022, ChatGPT – fasahar hira da ke amfani da Ƙirƙirarriyar Basira (AI) wajen amsa tambayoyi ko haɗa labari ko samar da duk wani abu da masu amfani da shi ke buƙata – ya zama manhaja mafi shahara a tarihin intanet.

A cikin wata biyu kacal fasahar ta samu mutum miliyan 100 da ke amfani da ita. Sai da Instagram ya shekara biyu da rabi kafin ya kai wanna adadin, a cewar kamfanin Sensor Town mai lura da dandalin fasahohi.

Kuma ita ce Na’ura mai fasaha ta farko da ta fara aiwatar da aiki tiyata a jikin wata halitta a duniya, an wakilta wannan na’urar ne don dinke cikin wata dabba da aka buɗe saboda wata cuta da ke damun ta a tumbinta. Nan take ta ba da mamaki wajen dinke wajen fiye da hasashe, wanda masana suka bayyanar da cewa ta yi dinkin fiye da yadda ɗan’adam ke dinke ciwo a jikin mara lafiya.

Irin abubuwan da fasahohin hira kamar ChatGPT da DALL-E da Bard da AlphaCode ke samarwar irinsu hoto da waƙoƙin zube da zane-zane, ba za a iya bambace su da wanda mutum ya ƙirƙira da hannunsa ba. Ɗalibai kan yi amfani da su wajen rubuta ayyukansu, da ‘yan siyasa ma wajen gabatar da jawabnsu.

Sai dai kamfanin fasaha na IBM ya ce zai dakatar da ɗaukar mutum 7,800 aiki don yin aikin da Ƙirƙirarriyar Basira (AI) za ta iya yi. Kai tsaye dai wannan na’ura za ta iya zama barazana ga rayuwar al’umma ganin yadda za ta iya taka rawar da ɗan’adam zai iya takawa ko fiye da shi ma ba tare da gajiyawa ko gazawa ba. Wanda hakan yasa a watan Maris na 2023, ƙwararru kan fasaha fiye da 1,000 sun yi kira ga dukkan masu ƙera AI da su dakata da ƙera manhajar da ta zarta GPT-4 fasaha sabuwar fasahar ChatGPT ke nan.

Dr Mona Sloane babbar jami’ar binciken kimiyya a jami’ar birnin New York guda cikin manyan cibiyoyin da suka taimaka wajen samar da fasahar ta AI, kuma kwararriya a fannin zamantakewa wadda yanzu haka ke aikin nazartar zubin fasahar ta AI da kuma gudunmawarta ga al’umma, ta ce, dole akwai buƙatar faɗaɗa bincike kan tasirin da wannan fasaha za ta yi ga zamantakewar ɗan’adam.

A cewar Sloane, ita wannan na’ura an sanya mata fikirar iya yanke hukunci ko sauƙaƙa aiwatar da hukuncin fiye da ɗan’adam sai dai akwai gazawa cikin bayanan da ke ƙunshe cikinta ko kuma bayanan da aka kimsa mata.

Ƙwararriyar ta bayyana cewa lura da yadda za a koma amfani da na’urori masu basirar AI gadan-gadan, akwai buƙatar tsananta bincike kan tasirin da za ta yi wajen daƙile walwala ko kuma take hakkin ɗan’adam da ma dukkanin mu’amalar da za ta shiga tsakaninta da jama’a.

A cewar Sloane, “akwai amannar cewa idan har aka sanya wa na’urorin masu fasahar AI dukkanin bayanan da suka kamata za su taimaka wajen daƙile cin zarafi saɓanin hakan kuma zai sake haddasa tarnaƙi ga masu bore ko bijire wa gwamnatoci lura da yadda cikin sauƙi za a iya bin diddiginsu fiye da yadda ake yi da wayoyin salula ko fasahohin da ake amfani da su a yanzu.

Dr Mona Sloane ta buga misali da yadda mahukuntan Hong Kong suka yi amfani da wayoyin salula da kuma agoguna na zamani masu ɗauke da fasahar bin diddigi da ke matsayin wani bangare na fasahar ta AI wajen gano waɗanda suka shiga boren tare da hukunta su duk da yadda suka rufe fuskokinsu, batun da jami’ar ke cewa ya zama wajibi mutane su ankare.

Ko a baya-bayan nan, sai da ƙungiyoyin kare hakkin dan adam irinsu Amnesty International suka soki salon amfani da na’urar mai ɗauke da fasahar tantance fuskokin jama’a wajen naɗar bayanan waɗanda suka shiga bore ko ƙalubalantar gwamnatoci wanda ta ce sun saɓawa ‘yancin ɗan’adam da kuma dokokin faɗar albarkacin baki.

Haka kuma ita wannan fasaha ta AI da ake samarwa ta ƙunshi wani tsari na musamman da ya shafi hanyoyin kimtsa basira ga na’urori ciki har da kundin tunani shauƙi ko kuma ƙawa zuci da kuma harsuna daban-dabana baya ga dabarun saurin fahimta ko kuma gani ko hangen nesa.

Sai dai masana na bayyana wannan ci gaba a matsayin mai baki biyu, wanda ake iya cin gajiyarsa wajen sauƙaƙa rayuwa ga jama’a ta hanyar yanke hukuncin da ya fi dacewa da ma kare rayukan jama’a, yayin da a ɗaya bangaren fasahar na iya mamaya tunaninmu ba tare da mun sani ba. Masana fasaha sun ƙara da cewa, amfani da fasahar ta Artificial Intelligence na iya haifar da ruɗani a tsakanin bil-adama wanda zai taimaka wa shugabannin kama ƙarya tare da yi wa dimokiraɗiya illa.

Haka kuma sun ce idan wannan fasahar AI ta yi wa harshe kutse, tana iya yi wa ɗan’adam illa wajen hana gudanar da tattaunawa ta fahimta a tsakaninsu.

Masanan sun buƙaci kawo ƙarshen irin matakan da ake ɗauka na amfani da wannan fasahar a tsakanin bil-adama ba tare da samar mata da wata manhaja ba, wadda za a dinga amfani da ita da kuma gabatar da bayani a kodayaushe wanda ke cewar, a wannan lokaci kana fa tattatunawa ne da fasahar Artificial Intelligence ba ɗan’adam ba.

Akwai tunanin da ake yi cewa idan muka shiga mataki na biyu (AGI), za mu tsallaka zuwa mataki na gaba kai-tsaye wato “Artificial Super-intelligence” (ASI). Wannan zai faru ne idan fasahar na’urar ta zarce ta ɗan’adam wajen gudanar da ayyuka.

Masanin falsafa da fasahar AI a Jami’ar Oxford, Nick Bostrom, ya bayyana ma’anar super-intelligence a matsayin, “wadda ta zarce fasahar mafiya hazaƙa cikin mutane a kowane fanni na rayuwa, ciki har da ƙirƙire-ƙirƙire, da hikima, da sauran ƙwarewa a zamantakewa.”

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