A ranar 19 ga Afrilu, 1939, aka haifi wanda jagoran addini a birnin Mashhad, a lardin Khorasan wato sayyid Ali Ayatullah Khamenei, shi ne ɗa na biyu ga Sayyid Javad Khamenei, malamin addini mai tawali’u kuma talaka wanda ya koyar da dukkan ‘ya’yansa yadda za su yi rayuwa mai sauƙi da ƙasƙantar da kai.
Ayatollah Khamenei ya faɗa a wani lokaci cewa; “Ubanmu, ko da yake mashahurin malami ne, ya kasance mutum mai zurfin ibada. Rayuwarmu ta kasance mai wahala. Sau da yawa abincin dare kawai gurasa ne da zabibi da mahaifiyarmu ta samo ta wata hanya… Gidajenmu, kusan murabba’in mita 65 ne, ɗaki ɗaya ne da kuma ɗakin ƙasa mai duhu. Idan baƙi suka zo wurin mahaifina domin neman shawara, sai mu koma ƙasa har su gama… Shekaru da dama bayan haka, wasu mutane masu alheri suka sayi fili kusa da gidanmu, hakan ya ba mu damar gina wasu ɗakuna biyu.”
Karatu da neman ilimi
A cikin shekara ta huɗu da haihuwarsa, Sayyid Ali da ɗan uwansa, Mohammad, suka fara zuwa maktab, wato makarantar addini ta farko don koyon haruffa da Alkur’ani mai girma. Daga baya aka mayar da shi wata makarantar addini ta zamani domin ci gaba da karatu.
Bayan kammala karatun firamare, Sayyid Ali ya shiga karatun addini a Mashhad. “Babban dalilin da ya sa na ci gaba da wannan karatu shi ne iyayena, musamman mahaifina,” in ji Ayatollah Khamenei.
A makarantu irin su Soleiman Khan da Nawwab, ƙarƙashin kulawar mahaifinsa da wasu manyan malamai, ya kammala karatun matsakaici na falsafa, mantiki da fiƙihu a cikin shekaru biyar kacal. Daga nan sai ya shiga karatun gaba da wannan (darse kharij) tare da manyan malamai irin su Ayatollah Milani.
Makarantun da ya yi a Najaf da Ƙum
Sayyid Ali yana da shekaru 18 lokacin da ya fara karatu mafi kololuwa. A 1957 ya yi hijira zuwa Najaf, Iraki domin ziyartar makabartu da karatu. Ya halarci karatun malamai kamar Ayatollah Hakim da Ayatollah Shahrudi. Duk da ya so ci gaba da zama a Najaf, mahaifinsa ya buƙaci ya koma Qum. Ya bi umarnin mahaifinsa, ya koma Iran a shekarar 1958.
Daga shekarar 1958 zuwa 1964, ya yi karantu a Qum tare da manyan malamai irin su Ayatollah Borujerdi, Imam Khomeini, Ayatollah Haeri Yazdi da Alaramma Tabatabai.
Daga baya sai ya ji cewa mahaifinsa ya rasa gani a ɗaya daga cikin idanuwansa, hakan ya sa ya koma Mashhad don kula da shi kuma ya ci gaba da ilmantuwa daga gare shi da wasu malamai kamar Ayatollah Milani. Ya riga ya zama mujtahid kuma ya fara koyarwa ga matasa. Ya bayyana cewa, idan akwai wata nasara da na samu, to saboda ni’imar Allah ce saboda kulawar da iyaye suka ba.
Harkokin siyasarsa
Da kansa Ayatollah Khamenei ya bayyana cewa fannin siyasa da juyin juya hali, shi dalibi ne na Imam Khomeini. A wani wajen ya cewa amma tun yana da shekaru 13 ne lokacin da Sheikh Nawwab Safavi ya zo Mashhad ya yi jawabi mai zafi a kan mummunan mulkin Shah, hakan ne ya farkar da ƙwaƙwalwarsa har fara tunani.
A shekarar 1962, Sayyid Ali ya shiga sahun ‘yan juyin juya hali a Ƙum, waɗanda ke adawa da siyasar Shah mai biyayya ga Amurka.
A tsawon shekaru 16 ya ci gaba da wannan tafiya har zuwa rushewar mulkin Shah. An tsare shi, an azabtar da shi, an kore shi daga garin, amma bai ja da baya ba. A watan Mayu na shekarar 1963, Imam Khomeini ya ɗora masa nauyin isar da saƙon sirri ga Ayatollah Milani da wasu malamai a Mashhad. Ya yi tafiya zuwa Birjand don yaɗa ra’ayoyin Imam Khomeini. A can ne aka kama shi karo na farko, aka tsare shi tsayin dare guda. Daga baya aka ce kada ya sake yin gangamin jawabi ko wa’azi. Daga nan ya san yana karkashin tsaro.
A shekarar 1963, bayan zanga-zangar 15 Khordad, an sake kama shi, aka tsare shi a Mashhad tsawon kwanaki goma cikin mawuyacin hali. A watan Janairu 1964, ya yi tafiya zuwa Kirman da Zahedan don fallasa zaben bogi na Shah. A can ne aka kama shi da daddare, aka kai shi Tehran inda aka tsare shi cikin ƙadaici tsawon watanni biyu tare da azabtarwa. Bayan fitowa, ya fara karantar da tafsirin Alkur’ani, hadisan Annabi Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallama da akidar Musulunci a Mashhad da Tehran. Matasa sun yaba da waɗannan darussa. Amma saboda tsaron SAVAK, sai ya ɓuya a cikin shekarar 1967. Duk da haka an sake kama shi saboda irin waɗannan karatuttuka.
Ayatollah Khamenei ya bayyana cewar, tun daga 1970, an fara shirya yaƙi da makamai. Saboda haka hukuma ta fara ganin shi a matsayin barazana. Aka fara zarge shi da haɗa kai da masu yaƙi saboda yadda yake ilmantarwa da karantarwa.
Kamun karshe da aka yi masa
Daga 1972 zuwa 1975, ya koyar a mashahuran masallatai uku a Mashhad. Jawabansa a kan Nahjul Balagha da Imam Ali (AS) sun jawo hankula matasa. Waɗannan jawaban sun yaɗu a faɗin ƙasar cikin rubuce-rubuce daban-daban.
Ɗalibansa sun watsu a sauran birane suna yaɗa ilimi. Wannan ne ya jawo damuwar SAVAK, a cikin shekarar 1975 suka mamaye gidansa a Mashhad, suka kama shi a karo na shida, suka kwace littafansa.
An tsare shi a kurkukun haɗin gwiwar ‘yan sanda da SAVAK a Tehran. Wannan shi ne mafi munin lokacin da ya taɓa fuskanta a gidan yari. A shekarar 1975 aka sake shi, aka mayar da shi Mashhad, aka hana shi koyarwa gabaɗaya. Duk da haka, a cikin shekarar 1976 an sake kama shi, aka yi masa ɗaurin shekara uku. Yayin da aka sake a shekarar 1978, ya koma Mashhad kafin samun nasarar juyin juya hali. Daga nan ya ci gaba da fafutukar addini da siyasa har zuwa faɗuwar mulkin Pahlavi da samun Nasarar juyin juya jalin addini.
Nasarar juyin juya hali
Kafin samun nasarar juyin juya hali a ranar 11 ga Fabrairu na shekarar 1979, wato gabanin Imam Khomeini ya dawo daga Paris, an kafa Kwamitin juyin juya hali. Ayatollah Khamenei ya zama ɗaya daga cikin mambobin tare da wasu kamar Shahid Ayatollah Motahhari da Beheshti. Daga nan ya koma Tehran domin sabon aikin da aka ɗora masa.
Ayyukan da ya gabatar
Waɗannan su ne ayyuka da muƙaman da ya riƙe:
- A shekarar 1980: Ya zama mamba mai kafa Jam’iyyar Jamhuriyar Musulunci tare da Beheshti, Rafsanjani, Bahonar da Musavi-Ardebili.
- A cikin wannan shekara ya riƙe wasu muƙamai da suka haɗa da;
- Ya zama mataimakin ministan tsaro
- Ya riƙe muƙamin shugaban dakarun na juyin juya hali
- Limancin sallar uma’ar a masallacin Tehran bisa umarnin Imam Khomeini
- Ya kuma zama ɗan majalisar Tehran
- A cikin shekarar 1981: Ya zama wakilin Imam Khomeini a babban kwamitin tsaro
- Ya halarci fagen fama a yaƙin da Iraƙi ta kaddamar
- A cikin shekarar 1982: Ya zama Shugaban Iran bayan kisan shugaba Mohammad Ali Rajai
- Shugaban Majalisar Al’adu ta tuyin juya hali
- Haka nan a cikin shekarar 1986: Ya zama shugaban sajalisar sulhu
- An kuma sake zaɓen shi a matsayin shugaban ƙasa karo na biyu
- A cikin shekarar 1989: Aka zaɓe shi a matsayin jagoran Jamhuriyar Musulunci bayan wafatin Imam Khomeini
- A cikin shekarar 1990: Ya zama shugaban kwamitin sauya kundin tsarin mulki
Littafan da ya rubuta da ayyukan da ya fassara
Littattafan da ya rubuta sun hada da:
- Manufar Musulunci a cikin Alkur’ani
- Ƙarfin Addu’a
- Jawabi kan Haƙuri
- Game da Littattafai Hudu na Hadisai da Tarihin Maruwaitunsu
- Jagoranci (Wilayah)
- Rahoton Cibiyar Ilimin Addini ta Mashhad
- Imam Al-Sadiq (AS)
- Haɗin Kai da Jam’iyyun Siyasa
- Ra’ayoyinsa kan Fasaha
- Fahimtar Addini Ta Gaskiya
- Gwagwarmayar Imaman Shia (AS)
- Ma’anar Tauhidi
- Buƙatar Komawa zuwa Alkur’ani
- Imam Al-Sajjad (AS)
- Imam Reza (AS) da Naɗinsa a matsayin Yarima
- Mamayar Al’adu (Tarin Jawaban)
- Tarin Jawaban da Saƙonninsa (Jimillar 9 Vol.)
Waɗanda ya fassara daga Larabci zuwa Farisanci
- Yarjejeniyar zaman lafiya ta Imam Hassan (AS), daga Raazi Aal-Yasseen
- Makomar Ƙasashen Musulmi, daga Sayyid Qutb
- Musulmi a gwagwarmayar ‘yantar da Indiya, daga Abdulmunaim Nassri
- Zargin Tsarin Rayuwa na Yamma, daga Sayyid Qutb
Manazarta
The Jerusalem Post. (2025, July 3). Ayatollah Ali Khamenei Articles and latest stories | The Jerusalem Post.
Maranlou, S. (n.d.). Who is Iran’s leader, Ayatollah Ali Khamenei? The Conversation.
Naji, K. (2025, June 25). When the Supreme Leader emerges, he’ll be leading a changed Iran. BBC News.
The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica. (2025c, July 1). Ali Khamenei | Biography, Title, History, Successor, Son, & Facts. Encyclopedia Britannica.
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