Cocin Roman Katolika da ke da hedkwata a fadar Vatican da Paparoma ke jagoranta, ita ce mafi girma a cikin dukkanin ɗariku na Kiristanci, mai mabiya kimanin biliyan 1.4 a duniya. Kusan mutum ɗaya cikin biyu na Kiristoci mabiyin ɗarikar Katolika ne haka kuma ɗaya daga cikin kowane mutum shida a duniya. A Amurka, kusan kashi 20% na al’ummar ƙasar sun bayyana Katolika a matsayin ɗarikar da suka zaɓa.
Asalin Cocin Roman Katolika
Addinin Roman Katolika da kansa ya tabbatar da cewa Kristi ne ya kafa Cocin Roman Katolika lokacin da ya ba da jagoranci ga manzo Bitrus a matsayin shugaban cocin, wanda ya mai da shi Paparoma na farko. Wannan bangaskiya ta dogara ne a cikin Matta 16:18—lokacin da Yesu Kristi ya ce wa Bitrus:
“Kuma ina gaya maka kai ne Bitrus, kuma a kan wannan dutsen zan gina cocina, ƙofofin Hades kuma ba za su rinjaye ta ba.”(NIV).
Bisa ga “The Moody Handbook of Theology,” farkon majami’ar Roman Katolika ta faru ne a shekara ta 590 A.Z., tare da Paparoma Gregory I. Wannan lokacin ya nuna alamar ƙarfafa ƙasashen da ke ƙarƙashin ikon Paparoma, don haka ikon cocin zuwa abin da daga baya za a san shi da “Jihohin Papal.” yana ga shi Paparoman.
Ikilisiyar Kirista ta farko
Bayan hawan Yesu Kristi, yayin da manzanni suka fara yaɗa bishara da almajirtar da su, sun ba da tsarin farko na Cocin Kirista ta farko. Yana da wuya, idan ma ba zai yiwu ba, a ware matakan farko na Cocin Katolika ta Romawa da na cocin Kirista ta farko.
Simon Bitrus, ɗaya daga cikin almajiran Yesu 12, ya zama shugaba mai tasiri a ƙungiyar Kiristoci ta Yahudawa. Daga baya Yaƙub, wataƙila ɗan’uwan Yesu ne ya soma shugabanci. Waɗannan mabiyan Kristi sun ɗauki kansu a matsayin ƙungiyar gyara cikin addinin Yahudanci, duk da haka sun ci gaba da bin yawancin dokokin Yahudawa.
Tashin Pauline da Kiristanci Gnostic
A wannan lokacin Shawulu, wanda asali ɗaya ne daga cikin masu tsananta wa Kiristoci na farko daga cikin Yahudawa, ya ga sakon wahayi na Yesu Kristi a kan hanyar zuwa Dimashƙu kuma ya zama Kirista. Ya karɓai sunan Bulus, ya zama babban mai bishara na cocin Kirista ta farko. Hidimar Bulus, wadda ake kira Pauline Kiristanci, an yi wa al’ummai hidima ne. Ta hanyoyi masu hankali, Ikklisiya ta farko ta riga ta rabu.
Wani tsarin imani a wannan lokacin shi ne Kiristancin Gnostic, wanda ya koyar da cewa Yesu ruhu ne, wanda Allah ya aiko domin ya ba mutane ilimi domin su tsira daga wahalhalun rayuwa a duniya. Ban da Gnostic, Bayahude, da Kiristanci na Pauline, an fara koyar da wasu nau’ikan Kiristanci da yawa. Bayan faduwar Urushalima a shekara ta 70 C.E., ƙungiyar Kiristoci ta Yahudawa ta warwatse. Pauline da Gnostic Kiristanci an bar su a matsayin ƙungiyoyi masu rinjaye.
Rarrabuwar Kiristanci
Daular Roma ta amince da Kiristanci Pauline a matsayin ingantaccen addini a shekara ta 313 C.E. Daga baya a wannan ƙarni, a shekara ta 380 C.E., Roman Katolika ta zama daular addinin Roma. A cikin shekaru 1,000 na gaba, ‘yan Katolika ne kaɗai aka amince da su a matsayin Kiristoci.
A shekara ta 1054 C.E., an sami rarrabuwar kawuna tsakanin majami’un Katolika na Roman Katolika da na Gabas ta Tsakiya. Wannan rabo ya kasance yana aiki har yau. Babbar rarrabuwa ta gaba ya faru a ƙarni na 16 tare da gyare-gyaren Protestant. Waɗanda suka kasance da aminci ga Roman Katolika sun gaskata cewa babban tsari na koyarwa ta shugabannin coci ya zama dole don hana rikicewa da rarrabuwa a cikin coci da kuma lalata imaninta.
Muhimman abubuwan da suka faru a tarihin Roman Katolika
Shekarun 33 zuwa 100 C.E
Wannan lokaci ne na zamanin manzanni, lokacin da manzanni 12 na Yesu suka jagoranci cocin farko, waɗanda suka soma aikin wa’azi a ƙasashen waje don su mai da Yahudawa Kiristoci a yankuna dabam-dabam na Bahar Rum da Gabas ta Tsakiya.
Shekarun 60 C.E
Lokacin da manzo Bulus ya koma Roma bayan ya sha tsanantawa wajen ƙoƙarin ya mayar da Yahudawa Kiristoci. An ce ya yi aiki tare da Bitrus. Sunan Roma a matsayin cibiyar Ikilisiyar Kirista na iya farawa a wannan lokacin, kodayake ana gudanar da ayyuka a ɓoye saboda adawar Romawa. Bulus ya mutu a kusan shekara ta 68 C.E., wataƙila an kashe shi ta hanyar fille kai bisa ga umurnin sarki Nero. An gicciye manzo Bitrus a wannan lokacin.
Shekarun 100 zuwa 325 CE
Shekarar 200 C.E
A ƙarƙashin jagorancin Irenaeus, bishop na Lyon, ainihin tsarin cocin Katolika ya tabbata. An kafa tsarin gudanarwa na rassan yanki a ƙarƙashin cikakken jagoranci daga Roma. An tsara ainihin ƙa’idojin Katolika, wanda ya haɗa da cikakken tsarin bangaskiya.
Shekarar 313 C.E
Sarkin Roma Constantine ya halatta Kiristanci, kuma a shekara ta 330 ya yi ƙaura daga babban birnin Roma zuwa Konstantinoful, ya bar cocin Kirista ta zama babbar hukuma a Roma.
Shekarar 325 C.E
Sarkin Roma Constantine I ne ya kafa Majalisar farko ta Nicaea. Majalisar ta yi ƙoƙari ta tsara jagorancin Ikilisiya bisa abin koyi mai kama da na tsarin Romawa da kuma tsara mahimman bayanai na bangaskiya.
Shekarar 551 C.E
A Majalisar Chalcedon, an ayyana shugaban cocin a Constantinople a matsayin shugaban reshen cocin na Gabas, daidai yake a iko da Paparoma. Wannan yadda ya kamata shi ne farkon rarraba coci zuwa rassan Orthodox na Gabas da Roman Katolika.
Shekarar 590 C.E
Paparoma Gregory I ya soma sarautarsa, a lokacin da Cocin Katolika ta yi ƙoƙari sosai don ta mai da arna zuwa Katolika. Wannan ya kasance lokacin ikon siyasa da na soja wanda limaman Katolika ke iko da shi. Wannan shekara ce wasu ke yiwa alama da farkon Cocin Katolika kamar yadda aka sani a yau.
Shekarar 632 C.E
Shekarar da Annabi Muhammad (Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallama) ya rasu. A cikin shekarun da suka biyo baya, an samu bunƙasa da yaɗuwar Musulunci da mamaye yawancin Turai, wanda hakan ya haifar da tasiri matsanani ga Kiristoci da kuma kawar da dukan shugabannin cocin Katolika in banda na Roma da Konstantinoful. Zamani ne da rikici tsakanin addinan Kirista da Musulunci ya fara.
Shekarar 1054 C.E
Babban schism na Gabas-Yamma alama ce ta rarrabuwar kawuna na reshen Roman Katolika da na Gabashin Orthodox na Cocin Katolika.
Shekarun 1250s C.E
Aka fara bincike a cocin Katolika—yunƙuri na murkushe ‘yan bidi’a na addini da juyar da waɗanda ba Kirista ba. Daban-daban nau’ikan bincike mai ƙarfi sun kasance na tsawon shekaru ɗaruruwa (har zuwa farkon 1800s).
Shekarar 1517 C.E
Martin Luther ya buga littattafai 95, yana kafa hujja da koyarwa da ayyukan Cocin Roman Katolika, kuma ya nuna alamar farkon rabuwar Furotesta daga Cocin Katolika.
Shekarar 1534 C.E
Sarki Henry na VIII na Ingila ya ayyana kansa a matsayin babban shugaban Cocin Ingila, ya raba cocin Anglican daga Cocin Roman Katolika.
Shekarun 1545-1563 C.E
Ƙungiyar Katolika Counter-Reformation ta fara, lokacin sake dawowa cikin tasirin Katolika don mayar da martani ga gyaran Furotesta.
Shekarar 1870 C.E
Majalisar Vatican ta farko ta bayyana manufar Papal ta rashin kuskure, inda aka bayyana cewa hukunce-hukuncen Paparoma sun wuce abin zargi.
Shekarar 1960s C.E
Majalisar Vatican ta biyu a cikin jerin tarurruka sun sake tabbatar da manufofin coci tare da ƙaddamar da matakai da yawa da nufin sabunta Cocin Katolika.
Jerin sunayen muƙamai a Cocin Katolika
Akwai manyan matakai guda shida na limaman coci da ɗaiɗaikun mutane da ke aiki a kan tsari, amma kaɗan ne kawai ba za su taɓa kaiwa ga matsayi limami ba. A haƙiƙa, yawancin limaman coci kada su gaza mataki na biyu.
Deacon
Akwai nau’ikan deacon guda biyu a cikin Cocin Katolika. Ana kuma kiran waɗannan mutanen a matsayin ’yan makaranta kuma ɗaliban Cocin Katolika. Gabaɗaya suna cikin matakin ƙarshe na horon firist. Suna zama a wannan zango har tsawon watanni goma sha biyu. Deacon na iya yin aiki ta hanyoyi da yawa iri ɗaya ga firistoci. Suna iya yin baftisma, shaida aure, da kuma yin jana’iza.
Firist
Bayan kammala karatun digiri daga zama Deacon, mutane sukan zama firistoci. Don zama firist, dole ne mutum ya ɗauki Rite of Ordination. Wannan yana naɗa su a matsayin firist. A lokacin bikin, sun yi alƙawari cewa za su yi hidimar firist da kuma yi wa manyansu biyayya. Da zarar an zama firist, ɗaiɗaikun mutane suna iya yin bikin Eucharist, yin ikirari da kuma yin shafe-shafe na marasa lafiya. Firistoci kuma suna iya haɗa aure mai tsarki.
Bishop
Bishops ministoci ne waɗanda ke riƙe cikakken sacrament na umarni mai tsarki. Katolika sun bibiyi asalinsu a zamanin manzanni. Ana buƙatar Bishops su kasance ‘yan shekaru 35, waɗanda aka naɗa aƙalla shekaru biyar kafin su kuma riƙe digiri na uku a fannin tauhidi tiyoloji (theology). An yi imani da gaske suna da ƙwarewa a cikin dokokin canon da nassi mai tsarki. Galibi suna gudanar da yankunan ƙananan hukumomi da ake kira dioceses.
Archbishop
Archbishop suna da mahimmanci sosai. Suna kula da manyan wuraren coci-coci da ake kira archdiocese. Taken ya fito daga kalmar Helenanci ma’ana “shugaba”. Bishops suna ba da rahoto kai tsaye zuwa gare su lokacin da suke buƙatar taimako ko jagora. An fi ɗaukar babban Bishop a matsayin manajan bishops na wani yanki na yanki.
Cardinal
Cardinals su ne manyan bishop da membobin Kwalejin Cardinals. Babban aikin su shibne shiga cikin Papal Conclave, wato zaɓen sabon Paparoma. Yawancin suna da ƙarin ayyuka gami da ayyuka a cikin Roman Curia. Don samun cancantar halartar waɗannan ƙuri’un, duk da haka, Cardinals dole ne su kasance ƙasa da shekaru 80.
Paparoma
Girma mafi girma da memba na limaman coci zai samu shi ne a zaɓe shi a matsayin shugaban Cocin Katolika. Ana zabar Paparoma daga cikin Cardinals ‘yan ƙasa da shekaru 80 – bayan mutuwar Paparoma ko murabus. Babu iyaka ga shekaru nawa Paparoma zai iya rike ofishinsa.
Sabbin zaɓaɓɓun Paparoman da yawa sun zaɓi sunan sarauta, mutane da yawa sun zaɓa don girmama sunayen fafaroma na baya. Kowane Paparoma yana zaɓar sunansa a matsayin wani waliyyi da yake jin kusanci da shi. Katolika sun yi imanin Paparoma ba ya kuskure lokacin da yake magana a ex cathedra, kuma Allah ba zai bari a yaudare mabiyansa ta hanyar sa shi ya yi magana marar kyau ba lokacin da aka cika ka’idojin ex cathedra.
Manazarta
Development, R. C., & Development, R. C. (2020, April 3). The origins of the Roman Catholic Church. Real Christianity.
Fairchild, M. (2024, May 26). A concise history of the Roman Catholic Church. Learn Religions.
Gingerich, B. (2025, April 21). Is Catholicism a Branch of Christianity? Christianity.com.
McKenzie, L, J., Frassetto, Michael, Cunningham, Lawrence, Marty, E, M., Oakley, Christopher, F., Knowles, David, M., Pelikan, & Jan, J. (2025, May 24). Roman Catholicism | Definition, Religion, Beliefs, History, & Facts. Encyclopedia Britannica.
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Duk maƙalun da kuka karanta a wannan taska ta Bakandamiya, marubuta da editocinmu ne suka rubuta. Kuma kowace maƙala da aka buga ta bi muhimman matakai na tantancewa don ganin cewa bayanan dake cikinta sun inganta.
Idan kuma an ga wani kuskure a cikin kowace maƙalarmu, a sanar da mu. Za mu yi bincike sannan mu gyara gwargwadon fahimtarmu.
