MERS na nufin (Middle East Respiratory Syndrome). Cuta ce ta numfashi ta kwayar cuta ta MERS coronavirus (MERS-CoV). An fara gano cutar ne a kasar Saudiyya a shekarar 2012 kuma tun a ƙasashe da dama ake samun rahoton.
MERS cuta ce mai tsanani da ke iya haifar da:
• Zazzaɓi
• Tari
• Karancin numfashi
• Namoniya
• Gazawar koda
MERS ta fi tsanani a cikin mutanen da ke da raunin tsarin garkuwar jiki, kamar tsofaffi, yara ƙanana, da waɗanda ke da cututtuka masu tsanani.
Babu taƙamaiman magani ko allurar riga-kafin da ake samu, amma fahimtar cutar da farko da kulawar ta musamman na iya ba da damar yin rayuwa mai inganci.
Asalin cutar MERS
An yi imanin cewa MERS ta samo asali ne daga jikin dabbobi, tare da jemagu masu ɗauke da kwayar cutar. Har kawo yanzu dai ana kan bincike ainihin asali da lokacin bayyanar MERS-CoV, amma ga taƙaitattun bayanai da aka gano zuwa yanzu:
1. A cikin shekarar 2012 ne aka fara samun rahoton ɓullar cutar MERS a watan Yuni a Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
2. Asalin cutar: Bincike ya nuna cewa asalin wannan cuta ta MERS daga jikin jemagu take, musamman jemagun da ke rayuwa kan bishiyoyin ‘ya’yan itace a Masar, ana tunanin su ne maɓuɓɓugar ƙwayar cutar MERS-CoV.
3. Daga raƙuma: An yi imanin cewa raƙuma suna taka rawa wajen watsa kwayar cutar ga mutane, mai yiwuwa ta hanyar kusanci ko gurɓataccen abinci da ruwa.
4. Yaɗuwar mutum-da-mutum: MERS-CoV na iya yaɗuwa tsakanin mutane ta hanyar kusanci, kamar kula da mai cutar ko raba abinci da abin sha.
Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya (WHO) da sauran hukumomin kiwon lafiya na duniya na ci gaba da sanya ido tare da gudanar da bincike kan asali da hanyoyin yaduwar cutar ta MERS-CoV don fahimta da kuma kawar da cutar.
Hanyoyin yaɗuwar cutar
MERS (Middle East Respiratory Syndrome) tana yaɗuwa ta hanyar:
1. Kusantar mai cutar: Wannan ya haɗa da taɓawa, musabaha da hannu, ko raba abinci da abin sha tare da mai cutar.
2. Atishawa: Shaƙar feshin iskar atishawa da tari daga hanci ko bakin mai ɗauke da cutar, ka iya haifar yaɗuwarta.
3. Taɓa wurare barkatai: Taɓa wurare da suke bayyane babu sakaya ko abubuwan da cutar ta dira a kai sannan kuma a shafi fuska, hakan na zama dalili ko hanyar yaɗuwar cutar.
4. Daga raƙuma: Yin mu’amala da cin kayayyakin da ake samu daga jikin raƙumi waɗanda da ba a tantance ba, kamar nono ko fitsarin raƙumin, ko kuma ma kusantar raƙumi mai ɗauke da cuta r duk na zama hanyar yaɗuwar MERS.
5. Sakaci kula da masu ɗauke da cutar: Rashin kulawa ga waɗanda suka riga suka kamu da cutar a wuraren kiwon lafiya da gidaje na iya haifar da watsuwar cutar zuwa ga wasu mutanen.
Riga-kafin cutar
Riga-kafin MERS ya ƙunshi haɗakar matakan rage haɗarin watsuwar cutar kamar haka:
1. Tsaftar hannu: Yawan wanke hannu da sabulu da ruwa ko amfani da abin wanke hannu.
2. Sanya abin rufe fuska: Yin amfani da abin rufe fuska yayin kusantar wasu ko a wuraren da ke da cunkoson mutane.
3. Tsarin numfashi: Rufe baki da hanci da kyalle ko gwiwar hannu yayin tari ko atishawa.
4. Guji kusantar mai cutar: Killace kai ga mutanen da suka nuna alamun MERS ko wasu cututtukan numfashi.
5. A guji taba idanu, hanci, da baki: Don hana kamuwa da da cutar.
6. Kasance a gida lokacin rashin lafiya: A guji yin yawo ko tafiye-tafiye barkatai yayin barkewar cututtuka don hana watsawa ga wasu.
7. A guji shan kayan da ba a dafawa ba: Kamar ɗanyen nono da fitsarin rakumi, ko naman da bai dahu ba.
8. Guji kusantar raƙuma: Idan za a ziyarci wuraren da MERS ta zama ruwan dare, a guji kusantar raƙuman da ke wannan wurin.
9. Bin shawarwarin kiwon tafiya: A nemi shawarar masana kiwon lafiya yayin yin tafiya kuma a ɗauki matakan da suka dace.
10. Matakan kula da kamuwa da cuta: A kula sosai tare da kyautata tsarin kulawa da masu ɗauke da cutar, kuma a bi tsauraran matakan kauce wa cutar.
Ta hanyar bin waɗannan matakan kariya, za a iya rage haɗarin kamuwa da cutar MERS kuma su taimaka wajen hana bazuwar ta.
Magunguna
Babu taƙamaiman magani ga cutar MERS, amma akwai wasu magunguna daban-daban haɗi da kulawar masana kiwon lafiya na iya taimakawa wajen fahimtar alamun cutar da kuma daƙile ta. Waɗannan magunguna sun haɗa da:
1. Magungunan riga-kafi misali irin su:
• Ribavirin
• Lopinavir/Ritonavir (Kaletra)
• Interferon-alpha
2. Kulawa:
– Samar da iskar oxygen
– Samar da iskar injina (a cikin lokuta masu tsanani)
– Samun hutu sosai
3. Maganin Alamomin cutar sun haɗa da:
– Maganganun rage zafi (misali, acetaminophen)
– Masu rage zazzabi (misali, ibuprofen)
– Masu hana tari
– Bronchodilators (don matsalolin numfashi)
4. Magungunan jiyyar:
– Remdesivir (maganin riga-kafi ne)
– Leronlimab (maganin riga-kafi ne)
Abin lura
• Magani galibi yana tallafawa tare da mayar da hankali kan kawar da alamomin bayyanar cutar da rage haɗarinta.
• Magungunan riga-kafi na iya yin tasirin rage nauyin ƙwayar cutar da inganta yanayin jiki.
• Fahimtar cutar tun farko da kuma magani suna da mahimmanci don inganta rayuwa.
Manazarta
Smith, J. (2020, April 23). MERS-CoV: What you need to know. Medical News Today
World Health Organization: WHO. (2022a, August 5). Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV).WHO
World Organisation for Animal Health. (2024b, March 19). Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) – WOAH – World Organisation for Animal Health. WOAH – World Organisation for Animal Health.