Dengue (DENG-gey) cuta ce da sauro ke haifarwa wanda galibi tana shafar ƙasashe masu zafi. Tsananin zafin jiki da alamomin mura su ne alamomin dengue ga kowa. Wani nau’i mai tsanani na dengue, shi ne hemorrhagic, na iya haifar da zubar jini mai yawa, raguwar hawan jini (firgita), da kuma mutuwa. Zazzabin Dengue na ɗaya daga cikin cututtukan masu zafi da ake gani a Indiya.
Zazzabin Dengue cuta ce da macen sauro jinsin Aedes ke ɗaukar ta a wurare masu zafi ta hanyar ƙwayar cutar dengue. Alamomin kamuwa da cutar suna farawa ne kwanaki uku zuwa sha huɗu bayan kamuwa da cutar. Waɗannan na iya haɗawa da zazzaɓi mai zafi, ciwon kai, amai, da ciwon gaɓoɓi.
Tana iya haifar da alamu kamar mura kuma tana haifar da rashin lafiya mai tsanani da ake kira Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) ko Dengue Shock Syndrome (DSS).
Zazzaɓin Dengue yana shafar kusan kashi 40% na yawan jama’a a cikin ƙasashe 100 da ke fama da cutar. Kuma kamar wasu takwarorinta irin su Zika, Dengue cuta ce wadda macen sauro ke yaɗawa tsakanin al’umma.
Hukumar lafiya ta Duniya WHO ta yi gargadi cewa cutar ka iya zama babbar barazana ga wasu ƙasashen nahiyar Afirka. Haka kuma, hukumar ta lissafa zazzaɓin Dengue cikin cutuka masu barazana ga bil’adama a fadin duniya. Cutar ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin cututtuka mafi saurin yaɗuwa waɗanda sauro ke haddasawa.
Asalin cutar
Cututtuka masu kama da Dengue sun bayyana a cikin tsofaffin ajiyar da aka samu na zamunan da suka gabata, ga wasu daga ciki:
1. China (992 AD)
2. India (450 AD)
3. Africa (15th century)
A baya bayan haka kuma, wata cuta mai kama da cutar Dengue ta bayyana a tsakanin ƙarni na 18 zuwa ƙarni na 19 a lokuta kamar haka:
- Lokacin yaƙin neman ‘yancin Amurka (1779-1783)
- Lokacin yaƙin neman’ yancin Faransa (1793-1802)
- A ƙarni na 20 ne cutar ta bayyana a duniya baki ɗaya, inda aka fara gano ta a ƙasar Japan cikin shekarar 1943.
Nau’ikan zazzaɓin dengue
- DENV-1
- DENV-2
- DENV-3
- DENV-4
Alamomin cutar
Alamomin dengue gabaɗaya suna bayyana daga kwanaki huɗu ne zuwa goma bayan kamuwa da cuta ta farko. Suna kama da mura ko wasu alamun rashin lafiya. Yara ƙanana da mutanen da ba su taɓa kamuwa da cutar ba za su iya jure rashin lafiya mara ƙarfi fiye da manyan yara da manya.
Cikin kashi 80 cikin 100 na masu kamuwa da Dengue ba su sanin cewa sun kamu da ita, kasancewar ba ta nuna wata alama a tattare da su ba. Wasu kuma takan nuna alamu marasa tsanani, waɗanda mutum zai yi fama da su tsakanin kwana biyu zuwa bakwai.
Sai dai cutar kan tsananta a wasu mutanen, inda sukan yi fama da abubuwa kamar amai mai tsanani, zubar jini daga baki da haɓo. Ga alamomin da ake iya gane cutar da su kamar haka:
- Zazzaɓi sosai tare da jin sanyi
- Ciwon kai mai tsanani
- Ciwon jiki
- Ciwon gaɓoɓi
- Gajiya da kasala mai yawa
- Tashin zuciya
- Amai
- Haɓo
- Jin zafi a bayan ido
- Kumburin ƙafa
- Yawan zufa
- Rashin nutsuwa
- Zubar jini daga baki
- Ƙuraje
- Tari da ciwon maƙogwaro
Hanyoyin yaɗuwar cutar
Dengue cuta ce da ke yaɗuwa ga mutane yayin da sauron Aedes mace (Aedes aegypti) ta cije su.
Lokacin da sauro mai ɗauke da ƙwayar cutar dengue ya ciji mutum, ƙwayar cutar na iya shiga cikin jininsa ta ci gaba da rayuwa. Hakan ke jawo rashin lafiya saboda kamuwa da cuta da kuma martanin tsarin garkuwar jikin mutum.
Haka kuma yaro na iya kamuwa cutar daga mahaifiyarsa a yayin haihuwa idan tana da ita, sai dai ba kasafai aka cika samun hakan ba.
Yaɗuwar wannan cutar yasa matsin lamba ya ƙaru sosai ga hukumar kula da lafiya, domin kuwa ana kashe wa cutar Dengue kimanin ukun abin da ake kashe wa kwalara.
Magunguna
Zuwa yanzu, babu wani takamaiman magani da ake da shi na cutar Dengue. Sai dai akwai wani riga-kafi da aka samar, wanda ƙasashe ƙalilan ne suka amince da shi. Kuma babu isasshen wannan riga-kafi a ƙasashen Afirka. Babban abin da ya fi dacewa da mai cutar shi ne samun isasshen hutu.
Rashin tsayayyen maganin cutar shi ne babban abin da ya fi tayar wa da mutane hankali, wanda hakan ya sa mutane dole su yi ƙoƙarin bin hanyoyin kariya daga kamuwa da cutar.
Riga-kafi
Ko da yake babu maganin cutar, akwai hanyoyin da a iya bi domin kare kai daga kamuwa daga cutar, daga cikin waɗannan hanyoyin akwai:
- Amfani da magani ko gidan sauro
- Fatattakar yaɗuwar sauraye baki ɗaya
- Yin riga-kafi idan da hali
- Ganin likita akai-akai
Zazzaɓin dengue ya yi ƙamari sosai a duniya, domin kuwa sama kimanin mutane biliyan 3.9 ne ke cikin haɗarin kamuwa da shi a kimanin ƙasashe 129. Kaso 70% cikin mutanen daga yankin Asiya suke. Bincike ya nuna cewa, a ƙalla kimanin mutane miliyan 390 ne ke kamuwa da cutar a kowace shekara, yayin da miliyan 96 daga cikinsu ke fuskantar hauhawar bayyanar alamomin cutar da kashi 85% daga 1990 zuwa 2019.
Manazarta
BBC News Hausa. (2023, December 18). Abu huɗu da suka kamata ku sani kan zazzaɓin Dengue da ya a ɓulla Najeriya. BBC News Hausa
Dauda, F. (2023, October 21). Zazzabin dengue ya hallaka mutane a Burkina Faso. dw.com.
DNDi. (2023, June 5). Symptoms, transmission, and current treatments for dengue | DNDi. Drugs for Neglected Diseases Initiative (DNDi).
Undefined, U. (2023, October 6). WHO ta yi gargadi kan babbar barazanar zazzabin dengue a Amurka, Turai da Afirka. WHO Ta Yi Gargadi Kan Babbar Barazanar Zazzabin Dengue a Amurka, Turai Da Afirka – TRT Afrika.
Medicover Hospital (n.d) Zazzabin Dengue – Alamu, dalilai, bincike & Jiyya. (n.d.). Medicover Hospital
Yusuf, M. M. (2023, December 21). Zazzaɓin ‘Dengue’: Haɗarin da ya kamata ku sani game da cutar.. Aminiya.