Dodon koɗi na ɗaya daga cikin sanannun nau’ikan dabbobi a duniya. Akwai shaidun ɓurbushin halittun gastropods na farko tun daga ƙarshen zamanin Cambrian; wannan yana nufin sun rayu kusan shekaru miliyan 500 da suka wuce. Gastrpoda su ne tushen ko kakannin dodon koɗi, wato dodon koɗi sun wanzu daga tsatson gastrpods.
Akwai nau’ikan dodon koɗi da yawa, amma sun bambanta saboda wasu suna rayuwa ne a cikin ruwa, wasu kuma a kan ƙasa. Nau’i na farko, wato masu rayuwa a cikin ruwa, an halicce su ne don yin rayuwa a cikin ruwa mai kyakkyawan yanayi, nau’i na biyu suna rayuwa ne kawai a kan doron ƙasa, a wurare masu zafi.
Dukkan dodon koɗi masu rayuwa a ƙasa su ne nau’in gastropod mollusks, wato suna cikin rukuni ɗaya da dorinar ruwa. A lokaci guda kuma, su dangi ne na gastropods, wanda ya haɗa da dukkan wani dodon koɗi. Dodon koɗi na iya dacewa da yanayin rayuwa iri-iri, kuma ba sa buƙatar abinci mai yawa don yin rayuwa. Suna samun damar ci gaba da girma daga yanayin da ke kewaye da su wanda masu bincike da yawa suka tabbatar yana da ban sha’awa sosai.
Dodon koɗi suna binne kansu a waje wanda babu yawaitar iska ko kuma wajen da ciyayi suka yi yawa. Suna haƙa rami da ƙafarsu, su shige a lokacin hunturu har sai yanayin ya wuce. Wannan ramin suna rufe shi daga ciki da ƙasa. Sannan kuma, suna samar da wani sinadarin kariya wanda yake rufe musu jiki idan sun fuskanci yanayin iska. Ana kiran wannan epiphragm kuma yana yin ƙarfi sosai ta yadda zai rufe kofar da ke jikin ɓawon dodon koɗi wacce iska kan iya shiga. Wannan na taimaka wa dodon koɗi su iya tsira a lokacin tsananin hunturu.
Yanayin jikin dodon koɗi
Mafi kyawun fasalin yanayin dodon koɗi shi ne ɓawonsu wanda yake a tankware a baya. Abu ne mai ƙarfi wanda ya ƙunshi sinadarin calcium carbonate, yana kare jikinsu mai laushi da gaɓoɓin ciki. Daga cikin waɗannan gabobin har da hunhu domin dodon koɗi na shakar iska wanda take wucewa cikin hunhu don samun iskar oxygen; wannan na ɗaya daga cikin manyan bambance-bambancen dodon koɗi na ruwa, cewa ba kowanne nau’in dodon koɗin ruwa ne ke shakar iska ba.
Muhallin dodon koɗi
Duniya tana ba da ɗimbin wuraren zama ga dodon koɗi. Ana samun ƙananan dodon koɗi a ƙarƙashin dutse, kuma suna hawa kan kara ko ganyen shuka. Suna iya rayuwa a cikin yanayi ko wuraren da mutane ke yawan zuwa, kamar wuraren shaƙatawa da lambuna. Dodon koɗi na rayuwa ne a wurare irin su lambunan birane masu rana da yankunan tsaunuka masu nisa tare da yanayin sanyi madaidaici; suna iya bunƙasa a yawancin wuraren zama tare da yanayin zafi da yanayi daban-daban.
Haihuwar dodon koɗi
Dodon koɗi su ne dabbobi nau’in hermaphrodites, wato suna da gaɓoɓin haihuwa na maza da mata ta yadda za su iya samar da ƙwai da maniyyi, wanda zai ba su damar haɗuwa da kansu (ƙwai da maniyyin) ba tare da jima’i ba. Yawanci suna haɗuwa tare da abokan tarayya ta hanyar haɗuwa irin tasu.
Tsarin rayuwar dodon koɗi
Tsarin rayuwar dodon koɗi yana farawa ne daga ƙyanƙyashewar ƙwai, yana wucewa ta matakai da yawa na rayuwarsu kamar zangon da suka zama balagaggu da zangon yin barbara da kuma zangon da za su yi ƙwai domin sake haihuwa. Tsawon rayuwar dodon koɗi a cikin daji tana ɗaukar kusan shekaru 3 zuwa 7, amma a cikin keɓantaccen waje da aka tanada don kiwon su, suna iya rayuwa har shekaru 10 zuwa 15 ko ma fiye.
Samuwar dodon koɗi
Akwai ɗimbin tambayoyi dangane da asalin wanzuwar wannan halitta ta dodon koɗi, akwai ƙaulin da ke cewa asalin dodon koɗi na farko sun rayu kimanin shekaru miliyan 550 da suka gabata, wanda hakan ya haifar da bambance-bambancen nau’ikan da suka dace da wuraren zama na kan ƙasa da na ruwa daban-daban.
Dodon koɗi a matsayin abinci
Shekaru aru-aru, wasu nau’in dodon koɗi sun kasance wani bangare na ilimin gastronomy na kasashen Turai da dama, musamman Portugal, inda suke cinye kusan tan dubu 4 na dodon koɗi a kowace shekara. Sai dai yana da kyau a kiyaye cin su, tunda wasunsu suna ɗauke da ƙwayoyin bakteriya waɗanda sau da yawa a cikin jikin ɗan’adam ko na wasu dabbobi suna haifar da cututtuka masu tsanani. Don haka, a kula da dodon koɗi na ƙasa, musamman waɗanda ake samu a cikin daji, ya kamata a kiyaye matakan tsafta don guje wa cututtuka masu haɗari.
Dodon koɗi a cikin lambuna
Samun dodon koɗi a cikin lambuna ba ya tsoratarwa kuma ba shi da illa ga shukoki ko amfanin gona, amma lokacin da haihuwarsu ta yawaita, hatta manyan kayayyakin amfanin gona suna fuskantar matsala sosai. Bugu da ƙari, ƙwayoyin bakteriyar da wasu dodon koɗi ke da su na iya yaɗa cututtuka masu haɗari ga mutane da tsirrai.
Nau’ikan dodon koɗin kan ƙasa
• Giant African snail
Giant African snail, dodon koɗi ne mai tsayin cm 20 da ake samu a yankin Afirka, kuma yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan nau’ikan dodon koɗi. A wasu wuraren, ana ɗaukar shi a matsayin dabba mai mamaya saboda yawan haihuwa da kuma son amfanin gona da ciyayi.
• Garden snail
Garden snail wato dodon koɗin lambu, ƙaramin ne mai tsayin da bai gaza inci 1.3 yana da wani irin ɓawo na musamman wanda ke bambanta shi da sauran nau’ika. Wannan nau’in dodon koɗi sun kasance ‘yan asalin yankin Bahar Rum da yammacin Turai da wani yanki na Asiya da arewacin Masar.
• Roman snail
Dodon koɗin Romawa yana da kyakkyawan ɓawo mai ƙarfi wanda ya ƙunshi kusan kashi uku na nauyinsa. Asalin wannan dodon koɗi daga Turai yake, ana samun shi a ko’ina a duniya yanzu. Yana zaune a cikin dazuzzuka masu zafi da ƙarancin ruwan sama.
Halayyar dodon koɗi
• Dodon koɗi yana gani da idanu
Dodon koɗi na iya gani da idanunsa da ke ƙarshen wasu gaɓoɓin guda biyu (tentacles, wasu abubuwa ne masu siffar jela) a jikin kansa. Ana iya ganin su ba tare da gilashin ƙara girma ba, za a iya ganin su kamar ɗigage biyu baƙaƙe. Bangaren waje na tentacles ya ƙunshi ƙwayoyin halitta (cells) masu haske kuma suna samar da fata mai ba da kariya. Akwai kuma wasu kwayoyin halittar a jikin dodon koɗi da ke iya ganin haske. Wannan ta sa yake komawa cikin ɓawonsa idan inuwa ta rufe shi a cikin daji, wanda yake tunanin ko mafarauci.
• Yana fahimtar taɓawa
Duk jikin dodon koɗi yana da ƙwayar halittar da ke ba shi damar fahimtar cewa an taɓa shi. Lokacin da dodon koɗi ya haɗu da wani abu da ya taɓa shi, tsokar jikinsa tana janye sashin jikin da aka taɓa ɗin cikin sauri. A cikin yanayi mai tsanani, dukan dodon koɗi na iya komawa cikin ɓawonsa ta hanyar
yin amfani da wata tsoka mai karfi da ta haɗe da tsakiyar ɓawon daga ciki.
• Jin wari da ɗanɗano
Dodon koɗi na iya jin ƙamshin abinci daga waje mai nisa, kuma yana tafiya a hankali zuwa ga abincin. Dodon koɗi zai iya yin rarrafe zuwa ga ganyayyaki domin yana jin ƙamshin ganye daga nesa. Amma lokacin da aka sa wa ganyayyakin magani da wani sinadari mai ɗanɗano, misali acetic acid, yakan juya baya ga wannan ganye. Fahimtar yanayin zafi da danshi yana da mahimmanci ga dodon koɗi domin kauce wa halaka ko abin cutarwa. Yana amfani da yanayin sanyi a cikin iskar maraice, kuma da rana idan iskar ta yi zafi yakan nemi wurin ɓuya domin ya huta. Gabaɗaya, dodon koɗi sun fi son yanayin sanyi, wurare masu inuwa maimakon wuraren da rana ke haskakawa.
Jin sauti da kunnuwa, wannan ita ce kawai gaɓa wacce dodon koɗi ba shi da ita.
Abincin dodon koɗi
Yawancin mutane suna ɗauka cewa dodon koɗi suna cin tsirrai ne kawai, sai dai ba haka ba ne. Wasu nau’in ne ke cin tsirrai wasu kuma masu cin nama ne, muddin za su iya samun sinadiran da ake buƙata don samun ɓawo mai ƙarfi da lafiya. Yawancin dodon koɗi ba sa cin tsirrai masu launin kore amma sun fi son ruɓaɓɓun shukoki. Wasu dodon koɗin ma sun fi son cin taɓo ko dagwalon abubuwa. Suna cin abubuwan jikin shuka masu ban sha’awa wanda ke da tasiri ga girman jikinsu, cikakken dodon koɗi babba yana iya cin abinci daga kayayyakin shuka har gram 6 kowace rana.
Muhimmancin dodon koɗi ga muhalli
Dodon koɗi suna taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen ragargazawa tare da canja ƙwayoyin halitta abubuwan da ke cikin ƙasa. Waɗannan dagargazazzun ƙwayoyin halitta suna cakuɗuwa da wani sinadari mai ruwa-ruwa da dodon koɗin ke fitarwa da kuma ɓurɓushin ƙasa, wannan na inganta yanayin ƙasa don yin noma. Yawancin nau’ikan dodon koɗi sun ƙware wajen cin abubuwan da ba a saba gani ba ko waɗanda ke da wahalar narkewa domin hakan na ba da gudummawa ga ruɓewa da canja waɗannan sunadarai.
Saboda yawan nau’ikan da suke da shi, dodon koɗi a ɗaya bangaren kuma muhimmin ɓangaren abinci ne ga sauran dabbobi. Su ne abinci ga tsuntsaye da wasu ƙwari da kwaɗi da dabbobi dangin ƙadangaru da nau’ikan gizo-gizo masu yawa. Bisa fahimtar wasu mutane nau’in dodon koɗi kaɗan ne kawai ke cutar da amfanin gona da tsirrai. Nau’in dodon koɗin da ba a yarda da shi ba kuma ya fi kowanne shi ne slug na Portuguese saboda yawan haihuwarsa.
Haɗarin da dodon koɗi ke fuskanta
Mutane sun fi mayar da hankali ne a kan dodon koɗi waɗanda ake ganin suna da illa. Yana da kyau a fahimci cewa rashin tantance wane nau’in dodon koɗi ne mai illa yana shafar kowane nau’i. Don haka yawancin nau’o’in da ba su da lahani kamar masu sake sarrafa shara don ƙarawa kasa yalwa su ma abin yana shafar su, haka nan ma wasu nau’in halittun da ke farautar dodon koɗi a matsayin abincinsu, su ma abin na shafar su, kamar tsuntsaye da ƙwari da sauran su, saboda tushen abincinsu ya ragu a cikin lambuna. Hakazalika, dodon koɗi, tare da kwadi, su ne mafi girman halittun dabbobi a cikin lambuna. Kashe dodon koɗi yana rage mahimman kayan abinci na asali a cikin tsarin samar da abinci da ake kira (food web) a turance, kuma yana da tasirin kai tsaye ga mafarauta da yawa.
Manazarta
Atwood, A. (2024, February 23). Types of snails. Snail Facts and Information. Snail World
Snail Facts, types, diet, reproduction, Classification, pictures. (2023, June 20). Animal Spot.
Snails and Slugs (Gastropoda). (n.d.).