Ibrahim Babangida

Babangida mutum ne ɗan kishin ƙasa, jarumi, mai basira, hangen nesa, sannan kuma mai fasaha da kuma ƙwazo wajen aiki, ya ba da gudunmawa mai gwaɓi a fannin aikin soja tun daga kwamanda har ya zama shugaban ƙasa.

Haihuwarsa

An haifi shugaban ƙasa Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida a ranar 17 ga Agusta 1941 a Minna, mahaifinsa ana kiran shi Muhammad Babangida da mahaifiyarsa Aisha Babangida.

Iyalansa

Shugaba Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida ya auri marigayiya Maryam a ranar 6 ga watan Satumba na shekarar 1969, sun haifi ‘ya’ya huɗu; biyu maza (Muhammad da Aminu), biyu kuma mata (A’isha da Halima).

Shugaba Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida, shi ne tsohon shugaban Tarayyar Najeriya na 8, kuma tsohon sojan Najeriya mai ritaya wanda ya yi aikin soja tun daga matakin sakan laftanar har zuwa janar.  Shugaba Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida, bayan kasancewarsa soja, kuma ɗan siyasa daga baya, malamin addinin Musulunci ne wanda yake gudanar da fassarar alƙur’ani daga gidansa a cikin watan azumi mai albarka.

Karatu da kwasa-kwasan da ya yi

• Shugaba Ibrahim badamasi Babangida ya yi karatun firamare daga shekarar 1950 zuwa 1956. Sai kwalejin gwamnati (Government College) ta garin Bidda daga shekarar 1957 zuwa 1962.
• Bayan kammala kwaleji sai ya tafi makarantar horas da sojoji ta Najeriya (Nigerian Military Training College) a ranar 10 ga watan Disamba na shekarar 1962 zuwa ranar 20 ga watan Afirilu na shekarar 1963.
• A shekarar 1964 ya samu horo a makarantar horas da sojoji ta Indiya (Indian Military Academy). Sai kuma makarantar ƙasar Ingila inda ya halarci kwas ɗin ‘Young Officer’s Course’ a ‘Royal Armoured Centre’ wanda ya kammala a watan Afirilu na shekarar 1966.
• Shugaba Babangida ya yi kwas ɗin ‘Armoured Driɓing Maintenance’ a shekarar 1967 duk a Royal Armoured Centre ta ƙasar Ingila.
• A cikin shekara ta 1970 ya samu halartar kwas ɗin ‘Company Commander’s Course’ a Warminster, Ingila daga watan Oktoba zuwa Nuwamba.
• Haka nan a shekarar 1972 ya je Armoured School ta Amurka inda ya samu horon ‘Advanced Armoured Officer’s Course’, kwas ɗin da ya gama a ranar 8 ga watan Yuni na shekarar 1973.
• Har ila yau dai kuma ya halarci makarantar sojoji ta Jaji, ta jahar Kaduna, inda ya samu horo na ‘Senior Officer’s Course’ a shekarar 1977.
• Bayan nan sai a shekarar 1979 inda ya halarci kwas ɗin ‘Policy and Strategic Course’ a ‘Nigerian Institute of Planning and Strategic Studies’ da ke Kurun jahar Filato a Najeriya.
• A shekarar 1980 inda ya samu horon ‘Senior International Defence Management’ a ƙasar Amurka.

Shigar shi aikin soja

A shekarar 1962 ya shiga aikin soji inda yai aiki a gwamnatin sojin janar Obasanjo. Ya taka rawar gani a juyin mulkin 1976. Shi ne sojan da ya hau kujerar shugabancin Najeriya ta hanyar juyin mulkin da ba a zubar da jini ba; mutum ne da ya baiwa Najeriya da ‘yan Najeriya gudunmawa tun daga shekarar 1964 har zuwa 1993 a matsayin soja.

Muƙamai da hukumomin da ya shugabanta

• Kwamanda (Commanding Officer) na ‘1st Reconnaissance Sƙuadron’ 1964 zuwa 1966.
• Kwamandan rundunar soja ta 44 (Commander 44 Infatry) Yuni, 1968.
• Kwamandan rundunar soja ta 44 (Commander 44 Infatry) Yuni, 1970.
• Malami kuma kwamanda na makarantar tsaro ta Najeriya (Instructor and Company Commander, Nigerian Defence Academy) 1970 zuwa 1972.
• Insifecta kuma Kwamandan Rundunar Mayaƙan Tanka (Inspector and Commander Nigerian Armoured Corps) 1975 da kuma 1977 zuwa 1979.
• Mamba na Majalisar Ƙoli ta Soja (Member Supreme Military Council) 1 ga Agusta 1975 zuwa Oktoba 1979.
• Daraktan jami’an sojoji (Director Army Staff Duties and Plans) 5 ga Janairu, 1981.
• Shugaban Rundunar Sojojin Ƙasan Najeriya (Chief of Army Staff) 31 ga Disamba 1983.
• Ciyaman na Majalisar Shugabanci ta Soji (Chairman Armed Forces Ruling Council (AFRC)).
• Shugaban Ƙasar Najeriya 27 ga Agusta na shekarar 1985 zuwa 27 ga Agusta na shekarar 1993.

Muƙamannsa a gidan soja

Shugaba Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida soja ne da ya fara daga muƙamin sakan lutenant har ya kai muƙamin janar. Ga jerin muƙaman da ya samu a matsayin na soja:

• Sakan lutenant (Second Lieutenant) 20 ga Afirilu, 1963.
• Lutenant (Lieutenant) 1966.
• Kyaftin (Captain) watan Agusta, 1968.
• Manjo (Major) Afirilu, 1970.
• Laftanar Kanal (Lieutenant Colonel) 1974.
• Birgediya (Brigadier) 1979.
• Manjo Janar (Major General) 1 ga Mayu, 1983.
• Janar (General) 1 ga Oktoba, 1987.

Zama shugaban ƙasa

Babangida ya zama shugaban tarayyar Najeriya ne a shekarar 1985 bayan da ya ƙwaci mulki daga hannun Shugaba Muhammadu Buhari. Ya yi wannan juyin mulki ne da nufin farfaɗo da ‘yancin ɗan’adam da ake takewa da kuma sake farfaɗo da tattalin arziƙin ƙasa wanda ya shiga mayuwacin hali.

Nasarorin gwamnatinsa

Kaɗan daga cikin irin waɗannan nasarorin akwai:

• Shigo da ‘yan ƙasa cikin sha’anin gwamnatinsa, duk da kasancewar gwamnatin shugaba Babangida ta soja; wacce ake yi wa kallon kama-karya, ta tuntuɓi jama’ar Najeriya dangane da ra’ayinsu kan karɓar lamani daga asusun bada lamani na duniya (IMF) wanda aka fara tattaunawa tun gwamnatin farar hula ta shugaba Shehu Shagari, sannan kuma gwamnatin soja ta shugaba Muhammadu Buhari ta ɗora.
• Tsarin Structural Adjustment Programme, wato SAP a taƙaice. Babangida ya fito da wannan shiri, dan ingantawa tare kuma da haɓɓaka tattalin arziƙin Najeriya. Wannan tsari na SAP, yana da manufofin da suka haɗa da: rage yawan kuɗaɗen da gwamnati ke kashewa wajen bayar da tallafi kan albarkatun mai; samar da hanyoyin dogaro da kai; wato ya zama ita ƙasar ta dogara da kanta ta fuskanci samar da wasu abubuwa na more rayuwa saɓanin dogaro da wasu ƙasashen ƙetare.
• Har wa yau tsarin ya toshe giɓin da ake samu a kasafin kuɗin Najeriya da rage dogaro da shigo da kayayyaki da kuma albarkatun mai a matsayin babbar hanyar samun kuɗaɗen shiga; haɓɓaka nagartar masana’antu masu zaman kansu dan su zama masu samar da ci gaba.
• SAP ya inganta harkokin masana’antun gwamnati ta hanyar sayar da kadarorin gwamnati dan su koma masu zaman kansu, wanda wannan shi ne ya kafa tubalin sayar da kamfanin sadarwa na Najeriya (NITEL) wanda yanzu ya zama kafa ta samun kuɗaɗen shiga da kuma samun kafofin sadarwa da dama ta hanyar baiwa kamfanonin sadarwa irinsu MTN, glo, da sauransu damar zuba jarinsu kamar yadda ake iya gani.
• Ƙirƙirar sababbin jahohi guda goma sha ɗaya: Babbar manufar wannan shiri ita ce kusanta gwamnati da jama’a da kuma kusantar da jama’a ga gwamnati da kuma uwa-uba samar da guraben ayyukan yi.
• Kafa Hukumar Haɓɓaka Aikin Gona da Albarkatun Ƙasa (Nigerian Agricultural and Land Deɓelopment Authority (NALDA)), ƙarƙashin wannan hukuma aka ƙirƙiri hukumomi masu yawa a faɗin tarayyar Najeriya waɗanda suke kula da inganta harkokin noman rani ta hanyar samarwa tare kuma da kula da fadamu.
• Samar da Hukumar Wayar da Kan Jama’a Game da Farfaɗo da Tattalin Arziƙi, Dogaro da Kai, da Kuma Adalci (Mass Mobilisation for Economic Recoɓery, Self-Reliance and Social Justice (MAMSER)) a watan Agusta na shekarar 1987.
• Kafa Hukumar DEFFRI, hukumar da ke kula da harkar abinci, gina hanyoyi da kuma sauran kayan more rayuwa a yankunan karkara.
• Kyautata dangantakar Najeriya da Ƙasashen Waje: Gwamnatin shugaba Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida ta inganta dangantakar Najeriya da ƙasashen waje kamar haka:
• Farfaɗo da dangantaka tsakanin Najeriya da Ingila: A watan Janairun 1986, shugaba Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida ya gyara dangantakar Najeriya da ƙasar Birtaniya bayan da ta taɓarɓare a lokacin gwamnatin da ta gabace ta.
• Gwamnatin shugaba Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida ta bayar da gagarumar gudunmawa wajen wanzar da zaman lafiya a wasu daga cikin ƙasashen Afirka ta yamma, ta hanyar amfani da rundunar sojin haɗin-guiwa (ECOMOG), musamman a ƙasashe irin su Laberiya (Liberia).
• Ɗaukaka darajar Najeriya daga matsayin mai saka ido ya zuwa cikakkiyar mamba a Zauren Haɗin Kan Ƙasashen Musulmi (Member Organization of Islamic Conference (OIC), a watan Janairu na shekarar 1986.
• Buɗe Boda: A ranar 28 ga watan Fabarairu na shekarar 1986, an buɗe bodidin Najeriya da gwamnatin da ta gabace ta ta rufe.
• Shirin Bayar da Tallafin Fasaha (Technical Aid Corp Scheme): Shiri ne da ake tura matasan Najeriya dan bada gdunmawa a wata ƙasa mabuƙaciya a cikin nahiyar Afirka da yankin Karebiya. Tabbas wannan shiri ya samar da guraben ayyukan yi ga ɗimbin ‘yan Najeriya a ƙasashen waje. Ƙarƙashin wannan shirin matasan da suka samu horo a fannonin kimiyya, fasaha, lafiya, shari’a (science, technology, engineering, law, e.t.c) da sauranu, su ake turawa waɗannan ƙasashe mabuƙata dan bayar da gudunmawa ta tsawon shekaru biyu.
• Hukumar samar da ayyukan yi (National Directorate for Employment (NDE) hukuma ce da ta riƙa koyar da sana’o’i ga ‘yan Najeriya dan a samu ayyukan yi. Wannan hukuma tana da cibiyoyi da makarantu da har ta kai ga akwai motoci masu tsarin makaranta da suke shiga ƙauyuka dan koyar da sana’o’i.
• Hukumar Kiyaye Haɗɗuran Kan Titi (Federal Road Safety Commission (FRSC), tabbas wannan hukuma tana bayar da gudunmawa ta fuskokin da suka haɗa da samar da ayyukan yi, tara kuɗaɗen shiga ga gwamnati, rage afkuwar haɗɗura ta hanyar tuƙin ganganci, ɗaukar majinyatan haɗari zuwa asibitoci, da sauransu.
• Bankin Al’umma (Peoples Bank), banki ne da aka kafa shi da nufin taimakawa ƙananan ‘yankasuwa su samu rance ba tare da sun bayar da fansa ba. Wannan banki yanzu babu shi.
• Ya ƙirƙiri jama’iyyun siyasa guda biyu waɗanda aka yiwa sakatariyoyi a dukkan jahohi da ƙanan hukumomin Najeriya na lokacin; gine-ginen da aka riƙa maida wasunsu makarantu, asibitoci, da sauran ma’aikatun gwamnati a halin yanzu.
• Kafa Hukumar Zaɓe (National Electoral Commission (NEC), Disamba 1987.
• Dawo da babban birnin tarayya zuwa Abuja a shekarar 1991.

Ƙalubalen gwamnatinsa

Kamar kowacce gwamnati kuma kamar yadda yake a al’ada ta rayuwa da sha’anin mulki, idan aka ambaci nasarori tilas a ambaci kalubale. Gwamnatin Babangida ta fuskanci kalubale da dama wasu daga ciki:

• Gwamnatin Babangida ta shahara da ayyukan cin hanci da rashawa da rashin da’a.
• A lokacin mulkin an samu yawaitar ta’ammali da miyagun kwayoyi da ‘yan Nijeriya ke fitarwa waje
• Mafi yawan hukumomin da gwamnatin Babangida ta kafa tare da bayar da kuɗaɗen masu yawa daga baya sun zama hanyoyin azurta kai ga wasu tsiraru misali DFRRI, MAMSER da bankin jama’a.
• Gwamnatin Babangida ta karbi lamunin IMF tare da haɗiya dalar Amurka biliyan 12.8 da aka samu a yaƙin Gulf tsakanin Amurka da Iraki.
• Gwamnatin ta soke zaɓen shugaban kasa na ranar 12 ga watan Yuni 1993 da aka yi imanin cewa marigayi Mogul Bashorun MKO Abiola ne ya lashe zaben.

Lambobin yabon da girmamawa

• Shugaba Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida ya karɓi kyaututtukan yabo da girmamawa a ciki da wajen Najeriya masu tarin yawa. Daga ciki akwai:
• Lambar yabo ta CFR – Commander of Federa Reupblic of Ngeria.
• Lambar yabo ta DSM – Defence Serɓice Medal.
• Lambar yabo ta NSM – National Serɓice Medal.
• Lambar yabo ta RSM – Royal Serɓice Medal.
• Lambar yabo ta GSM – General Serɓice Medal.
• Lambar yabo ta GCFR – Grand Commander of the Federal Republic of Nigeria.

Manazarta

Team, S. (2021b, October 28). Achievements and Failures of: Babangida, Abacha, Abdusalami’s administration. StopLearn. 

Contributors to Wikimedia projects. (2024, August 22). Ibrahim Babangida. Wikipedia. 

THE LEADER – IBB LEGACY DIALOGUE. (n.d.). 

THISDAYLIVE. (2019, September 1). Nigeria and the IBB Years – THISDAYLIVE. 

THISDAYLIVE. (2024, August 15) A general in winter – THISDAYLIVE.