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Isra’ila

Isra’ila ƙasa ce da ke a yankin Gabas ta Tsakiya wato (Middle East), a kan iyakar Asiya da Turai. Tana ɗaya daga cikin ƙasashe mafi yawan rikice-rikice a duniya, musamman sakamakon rikicin ƙasar Falasdinu da kuma matsayinta a cikin addinai uku mafi girma a duniya, wato Yahudanci, Kiristanci, da Musulunci. Isra’ila ƙasa ce da ke da tarihi mai tsawo, daga zamanin da har zuwa wannan zamanin, inda take taka muhimmiyar rawa a fannoni na siyasa, tattalin arziki, da fasaha.

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Birnin Tell Aviv na Isra’ila na daga cikin muhimman wurare a tarihin ƙasar.

Isra’ila ƙasa ce mai matuƙar muhimmanci a tarihin addinai, kimiyya da siyasar duniya. Duk da cewa tana fuskantar ƙalubale da dama. Musamman rikicinta da Falasdinawa da kuma matsalolin cikin gida, ta ci gaba da kasancewa wata ƙasa mai ƙarfi da tasiri a duniya. Fahimtar tarihin Isra’ila na taimakawa wajen fahimtar rikicin Gabas ta Tsakiya da yadda duniya ke tafiya.

Muhallin Isra’ila

Isra’ila ta yi da iyaka da Lebanon daga arewa, Syria daga arewa maso gabas, Jordan da Tekun (Dead Sea) daga gabas, da kuma Masar (Egypt) da Tekun Bahar Rum (Mediterranean Sea) daga yamma. Babban birnin ƙasar shi ne Birnin Kudus (Jerusalem), wanda ake rikici a kansa tsakanin Isra’ila da Falasdinawa, amma Tel Aviv shi ne cibiyar kasuwanci da tattalin arziki.

Isra’ila tana da hamada da tsaunuka, da filayen noma musamman a yankin Galilee da Negev. Tana da yanayi na zafi da sanyi mai tsaka-tsaki, tare da ruwa sosai a arewa da kuma busasshiyar hamada a kudu.

Tarihin kafuwar Isra’ila

Tarihin Isra’ila ya samo asali ne tun zamanin tsohuwar daular Isra’ila da Yahudawa suka kafa a zamanin da. Sai dai a cikin shekara ta 70 Miladiyya, Romawa suka rushe wannan daula, suka raba Yahudawa zuwa sassa daban-daban na duniya. Wannan rarrabuwar da ake kira “Diaspora” a Turance ta wanzu har zuwa ƙarni na 20.

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Al Aqsa, shi ne masallacin da ake kira masallacin Ƙudus, shi a Isra’ila yake, kuma shi ne masallaci na uku mafi daraja a wajen musulmi.

A ƙarshen ƙarni na 19 da farkon ƙarni na 20, Yahudawa suka fara neman dawowa ƙasarsu ta asali ƙarƙashin tsarin Zionism Movement, wanda Theodor Herzl ya fara. Bayan kisan ƙare dangi na Yahudawa da Hitler ya jagoranta a yaƙin duniya na biyu, ƙasashen duniya sun goyi bayan kafa ƙasar Yahudawa.

A ranar 14 ga Mayu, 1948, Isra’ila ta ayyana ‘yancin kanta a matsayin ƙasa mai cin gashin kanta. Wannan ya haddasa yaƙi tsakanin Isra’ila da maƙwabtanta Larabawa, ciki har da Masar, Jordan, Syria da Lebanon.

Tsarin siyasa da mulki

Isra’ila ƙasa ce mai bin tsarin demokradiyya mai majalisa wato (parliamentary democracy system). Shugaban ƙasa yana da matsayi na al’ada, yayin da Firaminista shi ne shugaban gwamnati. Majalisar dokoki ta ƙasar ana kiranta da Knesset, tana da kujeru 120.

Jam’iyyu da dama na shiga zaɓe a Isra’ila, ciki har da na masu ra’ayin dama da na hagu. Rikicin siyasa da tsaro na cikin gida da waje, musamman dangantaka da Falasdinawa da Iran, na ci gaba da shafar siyasar ƙasar.

Tsarin tattalin arziki

Isra’ila na ɗaya daga cikin ƙasashen da suka ci gaba a Gabas ta Tsakiya. Tattalin arzikinta ya dogara da fasaha (technology), aikin gona mai amfani da ruwa kaɗan (irrigation), da kuma masana’antu. Isra’ila na da cibiyoyin bincike da ci gaba a fannin fasahar ƙere-ƙere, kwamfuta, kiwon lafiya, da soji. Kamfanonin fasaha da yawa kamar Intel, Microsoft, Google da sauransu suna da ofisoshi a Isra’ila.

Noman zamani da tsarin ban ruwa ya taimaka wa Isra’ila wajen noma da fitar da kayan gona duk da kasancewarta a cikin hamada.

Yawan al’umma da addinai

Jama’ar Isra’ila sun fi kasancewa Yahudawa ta fuskar addini, amma akwai kuma Larabawa Musulmi, Kiristoci, da wasu ƙananan ƙabilu. Kimanin kashi 75% na al’ummar ƙasar Yahudawa ne, kashi 20% Larabawa, sannan saura Kiristoci da wasu.

Addinin Yahudanci shi ne addini mafi rinjaye, amma akwai cikakken ‘yancin addini a ƙasar. Ƙudus birni ne mai tsarki ga Yahudawa, Kiristoci da Musulmi. Masallacin Al-Aqsa, Cocin Holy Sepulchre, da Ganuwar Kuka (Western Wall) duk suna cikin Ƙudus.

Harshe da tsarin ilimi a Isra’ila

Harsuna biyu ne na hukuma a Isra’ila: Ibrananci (Hebrew) da Larabci (Arabic). Yawancin jama’a na iya magana Turanci, musamman a birane. Tsarin ilimi a Isra’ila ya kai matakin gaba da sakandare ga duka yara. Jami’o’i kamar Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Tel Aviv University, da Technion na daga cikin manyan cibiyoyin ilimi a duniya.

Rikicin Isra’ila da Falasdinu

Ɗaya daga cikin manyan matsalolin da suka addabi Isra’ila tun kafuwarta shi ne rikicinta da Falasɗinawa. Falasɗinawa na neman kafa ƙasarsu a yankin da Isra’ila ke iko da shi, ciki har da birnin Ƙudus. Wannan rikici ya haddasa yaƙoƙi da dama, asarar rayuka, da taɓarɓarewar rayuwar al’umma a yankin.

Shawarwarin zaman lafiya da aka yi da dama tsakanin Isra’ila da Falasɗinawa, ciki har da yarjejeniyar Oslo a shekarar 1993, sun kasa warware rikicin gabaɗaya. Har yanzu akwai rarrabuwar kai da hare-hare tsakanin ɓangarorin biyu.

Dangantakar Isra’ila da duniya

Isra’ila na da dangantaka mai karfi da ƙasashen yamma, musamman Amurka, wacce ke ba ta taimakon sojoji da tattalin arziki. Har ila yau, tana ƙara kusanci da wasu ƙasashen Larabawa kamar Haɗaɗɗiyar Daular Larabawa (UAE), Bahrain, da Morocco ta hanyar yarjejeniyar Abraham Accords a shekarar 2020. Sai dai kuma Isra’ila na fuskantar suka daga wasu ƙasashen musulmi da ƙungiyoyin kare hakkin ɗan’adam dangane da yadda take tafiyar da rikicinta da Falasɗinawa.

Ƙarfinta a fannin soji da tsaro

Isra’ila na daga cikin ƙasashen da suka fi ƙarfin soji a yankin Gabas ta Tsakiya. Tsarin tsaronta na soja yana da ƙarfi sosai, kuma yana tafiya da fasahohin zamani da suka hada da:

Wannan ita fasahar Iron dume, da Isra’ila ke amfani da ita a fannin tsaro wajen kare ƙasar daga harin makami mai linzami.
  • Iron Dome: Wannan wata na’urar kariya ce daga makamai masu linzami wadda ke hana makamin ko roka ya faɗo cikin ƙasar daga abokan gaba.
  • Mossad: Wannan ita ce hukumar leƙen asiri ta Isra’ila wadda ta shahara da ayyuka a cikin gida da wajen ƙasa.
  • IDF (Israeli Defense Forces): Rundunar sojan ƙasar da ke da babbar ƙwarewa da kayan aiki. Maza da mata suna halartar horon soja bayan kammala makaranta.

Isra’ila tana da makaman nukiliya, kodayake ba ta bayyana hakan a hukumance ba. Ƙasashen duniya da dama na zargin cewa tana da gagarumin ƙarfin nukiliya wanda ke ba ta iko da kariya a yankin.

Wuraren yawon buɗe ido a Isra’ila

Isra’ila na ɗaya daga cikin ƙasashen da ke jan hankalin masu yawon buɗe ido, musamman saboda wuraren tarihi da addinai da ke cikinta. Wasu daga cikin wuraren da ake yawan ziyarta sun haɗa da:

  • Birnin Kudus: A wannan birni akwai wuraren ibada masu tsarki ga dukkan manyan addinan duniya guda uku, wato Yahudawa, Kiristoci da Musulmi.
  • Nazaret: Wannan shi ne wurin da aka bayyana an haifi Yesu Almasihu a cewar Kiristoci.
  • Tekun Galili (Sea of Galilee): Wannan shi ne wurin da ake cewa Yesu ya yi wasu mu’ujizai.
  • Masada: Wannan shi ne tsohon sansanin Yahudawa a saman dutse wanda ya shahara da tarihin gwagwarmaya da Romawa.
  • Tel Aviv: Birni ne mai ɗauke da gine-ginen zamani, rairayin bakin teku, da kuma sabbin abubuwa na zamani.

Yawan buɗe ido yana da mahimmanci sosai ga tattalin arzikin ƙasar.

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Cigaban kimiyya da fasaha

Isra’ila ta shahara a duniya wajen fasaha da kirkire-kirkire (innovation), har ta zama ana kiran ta da “Start-up Nation” saboda yawan kamfanonin sabbin fasahohi da ke fitowa daga can. Tana da cibiyoyi masu bincike na zamani a fannonin:

  • Lafiya: Isra’ila na da manyan asibitoci da na’urorin gwaji da kiwon lafiya na cigaba.
  • Fasahar sadarwa: Kamfanonin sadarwa da intanet kamar Mobileye, Waze, da Check Point Software sun fito daga Isra’ila ne.
  • Fasahar ruwa: Ƙasar na da ƙwarewa a fannin tace ruwa (desalination), ban ruwa (drip irrigation), da adana ruwa a hamada.
  • Harkar soja: Ƙasar Isra’ila na kera makamai da fasahohin leƙen asiri da ke fitowa daga gwanayenta.

Rayuwar jama’a da al’adu

Isra’ila ƙasa ce mai tarin al’adu saboda Yahudawan da suka dawo daga Turai, Asiya, Afirka da Amurka. Akwai bambance-bambancen al’adu, harsuna da abinci. Wasu daga cikin abubuwan da ke bayyana al’adunsu sun haɗa da:

  • Abincin Isra’ila: Abincinsu ya haɗa da abinci irin na Larabawa da na Turai, kamar hummus, falafel, shakshuka da burekas.
  • Bukukuwan A’addini: kamar Passover, Yom Kippur, Hanukkah da sauransu.
  • Kida da Fina-Finai: Isra’ila na da masana’antar fim da kiɗa da take ta bunƙasa a duniya.

A ƙasar, yawancin mutane na amfani da harshen Ibrananci, amma ana iya samun Larabci da Ingilishi musamman a cikin birane.

Gudummawar Isra’ila a duniya

Isra’ila ƙasa ce mai tasiri a duniya, musamman a fannin:

  • Harkar soji da leƙen asiri
  • Kimiyya da bincike
  • Ƙirƙire-ƙirƙire a fasaha
  • Siyasa a Gabas ta Tsakiya

Amurka na ɗaya daga cikin manyan ƙawayenta, tana ba ta goyon baya a Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya da tallafin kuɗi da makamai.

Matsaloli da ƙalubalen Isra’ila

Duk da ci gabanta, Isra’ila na fuskantar wasu matsalolin da suka haɗa da:

  • Rikicinta da Falasdinawa: Rikice-rikice a yankin Gaza da West Bank na ci gaba da janyo asarar rayuka da tashe-tashen hankula a ƙasar.
  • Rikicin siyasa da addini: Akwai rikice-rikice na siyasa da rikicin addini tsakanin manyan jam’iyyu da kuma tsakanin masu tsattsauran ra’ayi da masu sassauci.
  • Tsadar rayuwa: Isra’ila na daga cikin ƙasashen da farashin gidaje da kayan masarufi ya yi tashin gwauron zabi sosai a yankin.

Manazarta

Chain, I. H. (2025, April 9). The Top 10 Must-See Destinations in Israel: a quick guide. Isrotel. .

Office of the Historian. (n.d.). Milestones in the history of U.S. Foreign Relations – Office of the Historian.

Research Guides: Schusterman Center for Israel Studies Research Guide: Israeli Politics. (n.d.).

Sicherman, Harvey, Ochsenwald, L, W., Elath, Eliahu, Stone, & A, R. (2025, July 7). Israel | Facts, History, Population, conflict, Iran, & Map. Encyclopedia Britannica.

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Duk maƙalun da kuka karanta a wannan taska ta Bakandamiya, marubuta da editocinmu ne suka rubuta. Kuma kowace maƙala da aka buga ta bi muhimman matakai na tantancewa don ganin cewa bayanan dake cikinta sun inganta.

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