Muhammadu Buhari

Muhammadu Buhari, wanda ‘yan ƙasa Najeriya ke yi wa laƙabi da ‘mai gaskiya’, haifaffen garin Daura ne da ke cikin jihar Katsina. An haife shi a ranar 17 ga watan Disambar shekarar 1942. Sunan mahaifinsa Adamu, mahaifiyarsa kuma Zulaihatu. Mahaifinsa ya rasu a lokacin da ya ke da shekara huɗu kacal a duniya.

Karatunsa

Muhammadu Buhari ya yi karatunsa na firamare a garin Daura da kuma Mai’adua daga shekarar 1948 zuwa 1952. Daga nan sai ya shige makarantar Middle ta Katsina a shekarar 1953. Sannan kuma sai ‘Katsina Provincial School’ wacce daga baya ta koma Kwalejin Gwamnati ta Katsina, daga shekarar 1956 har zuwa 1961.

Shigar shi soja

A shekarar 1961, Muhammadu Buhari ya samu shiga makarantar sojojin Najeriya da ke Kaduna (Nigerian Military Training School, Kaduna), inda ya gama a shekarar 1963.

A shekarar dai da ya kammala horon sojin wato 1963, aka tura shi ƙaro karatu a ƙasar Ingila inda ya samu horo a makarantar ‘Cadet School’ da ke garin Aldershot ta ƙasar Ingila. Da Kammalawarsa kuma nan take aka ƙaddamar da shi a matsayin laftanar na biyu, (second lieutenant) na soja. Aka kuma tura shi zuwa Abekuta.

Har ila yau dai shekarar 1963 aka sake tura shi samun ƙarin horo a fanni ‘Platoon Commanders Course’ wanda ya halarta a  makarantar sojojin Najeriya ta Kaduna (Nigerian Military College, Kaduna), zuwa shekarar 1964.

A shekarar 1965, Muhammadu Buhari ya sake tafiya ƙarin horo a fannin ‘Mechanical Transport Officers Course’, wanda ya yi a makarantar ‘Army Mechanical Transport School’ da ke garin Borden, na ƙasar Ingila. Sannan kuma  a shekarar 1973 ya sake samun horo makarantar ‘Defence Services’ Staff College’, da ke garin Wellington na ƙasar Indiya. A shekarar 1979 zuwa 1980 kuma ya je kwalejin yaƙi ta sojoji (United States Army War College) da ke ƙasar Amurka.

Shugaban ƙasa a mulkin soja

Muhammadu Buhari ya zama shugaban mulkin soja na tarayyar Najeriya a shekarar 1984 har zuwa 1985 bayan an hamɓarar da gwamnatin farar hula ta shugaba Shehu Usman Shagari.

Muhammadu Buhari mutum ne da ke da gogayya a fannin mulki saboda aikin da ya yi a hukumar sojojin Najeriya, wanda ya fara tun daga muƙamin laftanar na biyu har sai da ya zamo shugaban ƙasa bayan tarin muƙaman da ya riƙe kafin hakan.

Muƙaman da ya riƙe

Muhammadu Buhari, ya riƙe muƙamai da dama tun fitowarsa ta farko daga makarantar soja da aka fara ƙaddamar da shi a matsayin laftanar na biyu (second lieutenant). Muhimmai daga cikin muƙaman da ya riƙe sun haɗa da:

• Gwamnan Jahar Arewa-maso-Gabashin Najeriya (Governor North-Eastern Nigeria), a shekarar 1975, a lokacin mulkin shugaban Najeriya janaral Murtala.
• Ya zama kwamishinan man fetur na tarayyar Najeriya, muƙamin da ya ke daidai da na minister a yanzu, daga shekarar 1976 zuwa 1978. Ya riƙe wannan muƙami a zamanin mulkin soja na shugaba janaral Olushegun Obasanjo.
• Ya riƙe muƙamin shugaban kamfanin man-fetur na Najeriya (Chairman, NNPC) a shekarar 1978.
• Ya zama shugaban rundunar sojojin Najeriya ta uku da ke Jos (General Officer Commanding (GOC), Third Armored Division of Jos) a shekarar 1983.
• Har ila yau ya zama shugaban hukumar tara rarar man-fetur wato (Chairman of Petroleum Trust Fund (PTF), daga 1995 zuwa 99. Muƙamin da ya riƙe lokacin yana farar hula a zamanin mulkin shugaban soja na Najeriya marigayi janaral Muhammadu Sani Abacha.
• A lokacin mulkin janar Sani Abacha an naɗa shi shugaban hukumar PFT wadda aka kafa da kuɗaɗen rarar man da ƙasar ta samu a wancan lokaci domin gudanar da ayyukan ci gaban al’umma.

Gwagwarmayar siyasa

A shekarar 2003, Muhammadu Buhari ya shiga fagen siyasa ƙarƙashin inuwar jama’iyyar ANPP, jama’iyyar da ta ba shi tikitin takarar shugaban ƙasa wanda ya shiga zaɓe tare da shugaba Olushegun Obasanjo. Muhammadu Buhari ya tsaya takarar neman ɗarewa kujerar shugabancin Najeriya a karo na biyu a matsayin farar hula har sau huɗu, kamar yadda za a gani a ƙasa:

• Muhammadu Buhari ya fara tsayawa takarar shugabancin Najeriya a shekarar 2003, ya yi takara a ƙarƙashin tutar ANPP, inda ya sha kayi a hannun shugaba Obasanjo.
• Har ila yau dai a jam’iyyar ANPP ɗin ne ya sake fito farautar kujerar shugabancin ƙasa a kakar zaɓen 2007, ya sake shan kayi a hannun marigayi Alhaji Ummaru Musa’Yar’aduwa.
• A shekarar 2011, ya sake yin takara, sai dai a wannan karon kuma a sabuwar jamaiyyarsa ta CPC mai alamar alƙami. Shugaba Jonathan ne ya kayar da shi daga jam’iyyar PDP.
• Bai gajiya ba, a shekarar 2015, ya sake tsayawa wata takarar wacce ita ta kai shi ga ɗarewa kujerar shugabancin ƙasa Najeriya a ƙarƙashin tutar jama’iyyar gamayya ko haɗaka ta APC.
• An sake rantsar da janaral Muhammadu Buhari a matsayin shugaban Najeriya karo na biyu, a ranar 29 ga watan Mayu na shekarar 2019, muƙamin da yake kansa har zuwa yau ɗin nan.

Ayyukan Buhari a mulkin farar hula

• A bangaren tsaro gwamnatin Buhari ta sayo sabbin jiragen sama guda 38 ga rundunar sojin sama tun lokacin da ya karbi ragamar mulki a shekarar 2015 da kuma super Mushshak guda 10 da jiragen MI-35 guda biyar da kuma jirage masu saukar ungulu guda biyu.
• Hukumar NAF, a karkashin gwamnatin shugaban ƙasa Muhammadu Buhari, ta yi nasarar gudanar da aikin gyaran ɗakunan ajiya na lokaci-lokaci a cikin ƙasar nan tare da inganta injinan jiragen sama.
• A ɓangaren rundunar sojin ruwa, ya samar sabbin jirage guda 400 da suka hada da jiragen sintiri na kogi 200, jiragen ruwa masu sauri guda 114, jiragen ruwa masu saurin kai hari 22, jiragen sama marasa matuka 14, da jiragen ruwa guda hudu, jirage masu saukar ungulu hudu, da sauransu.
• An kafa sansanin sojin ruwa a tafkin Chadi da ke Baga, jihar Borno da sabbin sansanonin sojin ruwa a Lekki, Oguta da Kano.
• A ƙarƙashin gwamnatin Buhari, an sayo ɗaruruwan tankunan yaki, masu share ma’adanai, motocin yaƙi masu sulke, kekunan hawan dutse, motocin yaƙi da dai sauransu.
• Kwanan nan a shekarar 2023, sojojin Najeriya sun sami kungiyar da ke dauke da motocin duk sun hallara a Najeriya.
• Har ila yau an ɗauki sabbin ‘yan sanda guda 40,000 don samar da tsaro a lungu da saƙon ƙasar.
• A shekarar 2021 da 2022 kadai, hukumar yaƙi da fataucin miyagun kwayoyi ta kasa NDLEA, ta kama masu safarar miyagun ƙwayoyi guda 24,000, ciki har da barana 29, yayin da aka yanke wa masu laifi 3,400 hukunci.
• Dangane da ababen more rayuwa, gwamnatin Buhari ta kafa kamfanin samar da ababen more rayuwa na Najeriya da ake kira da (InfraCorp) a watan Fabrairun 2021, inda aka samar da babban jari irinsa na farko na naira tiriliyan 1, wanda babban bankin Najeriya (CBN) da hukumar saka hannun jari ta Najeriya (NSIA) da kuma Africa Finance Corporation suka samar. (AFC).
• Samar da layin dogo na kilomita 156 daga Legas zuwa Ibadan da kuma layin dogo daga Abuja zuwa Kaduna mai tsawon kilomita 186 da kammala aikin layin dogo mai tsawon kilomita 327 daga Itakpe-Warri, da sayan motocin daukar kaya 2.
• A ɓangaren wutar lantarki, gwamnatin Buhari ta samar da wutar lantarki mai karfin megawatt 4,000 a lokacin mulkinsa, waɗanda suka hada da Zungeru hydro, Kashimbila, Adam 111, Kudenda, Okpai phase 11, Dangote Power Plant, da dai sauransu.
• A ɓangaren man fetur da iskar gas, gwamnatin ta rattaba hannu kan dokar masana’antar man+fetur (PIA) ta shekaru goma na iskar gas a Najeriya, aikin iskar gas na Ajaokuta-Kaduna-Kano mai tsawon kilomita 614, na dala biliyan 1.4 na Najeriya-Morocco ammonia, da dai sauransu.
• A yankin Neja-Delta, gwamnatin Buhari ta ɗaga likkafar jami’ar Maritimeda ke Okerenkoko, jihar Delta, wacce Hukumar Kula da Jami’o’i ta ƙasa (NUC) ta amince a watan Janairun 2018 don fara karatun digiri na farko.
• Gwamnatin Buhari ta ba wa jihohi sama da Naira Tiriliyan 2 a matsayin tallafi domin samun sukunin biyan albashi da fansho, musamman ma ta fuskar raguwar kuɗaɗen shigar man-fetur a cikin shekaru uku na gwamnatinsa.
• A lokacin annobar Covid-19, Shugaban ƙasa Buhari, a cikin Maris 2020 ya kafa wani kwamiti ƙarƙashin mataimakin shugaban ƙasa kan Cutar COVID-19 don tallafa wa al’umma.

Ƙalubalen gwamnatin Buhari

Kamar dai kowacce gwamnati, inda aka samu nasarori to a hannu guda kuma ba a rasa kurakurai ko ƙalubale. Muhimman ƙalubalen da gwamnatin Buhari ta fuskanta kamar yadda ƙafar DW ta rawaito sun haɗa da:

1. Kungiyar ta’addanci ta Boko Haram

Buhari ya yi alkawari tun gabanin ya hau karagar mulki cewa zai murkushe kungiyar ta’addanci ta Boko Haram. Shugaban ƙasar a watan Disambar 2015 ya ce an fatattaki Boko Haram ta hanyar tattaunawa, sai dai  sun ci gaba da kai hare-hare. An ce kungiyar ta’addancin ce ke da alhakin sace ‘yan matan makarantar Chibok 276 a Najeriya. Kodayake wannan matsala ce da ya gada amma ya yi ikirarin karbo matan cikin ƙanƙanen lokaci.

Kuma a yankin arewa maso gabashin kasar, har bayan kammaluwar wa’adin mulkinsa na shekaru takwas, al’ummar ƙasar na fuskantar matsalar tsaro saboda Boko Haram.

2. Tabarbarewar tattalin arziki

Yaƙin da ake yi da Boko Haram ya jawo wa Buhari hasarar maƙudan kuɗaɗe kuma ya ƙi ƙarewa. Farashin man fetur ya ragu da rabi tun tsakiyar shekarar 2014, haka zalika haƙo man ya ragu matuka sakamakon zagon ƙasa da ‘yan tawaye ke yi a yankin Neja Delta – matsalar Buhari ta gaba. Duk da cewa Najeriya ce kasa ta takwas wajen samar da man fetur, amma sai ta shigo da mai domin matatun Najeriya sun lalace.

Rashin wutar lantarki ya haifar da matsala ga masana’antu. Najeriya na samar da kashi biyar na wutar lantarki. Ana yawan samun katsewar wutar lantarki,  hatta a babban birnin tarayya Abuja hakan ta faru sosai. Asusun ba da lamuni na duniya IMF ya yi kiyasin tattalin arzikin Najeriya ya durkushe da kashi biyu cikin 100 a shekarar 2016.

3. Kungiyoyin tsagerun Neja-Delta

Niger Delta Avengers (NDA), su ke da alhakin kai hare-hare kan ababen more rayuwa na manyan kamfanonin mai a kudancin ƙasa Najeriya. Kungiyar ‘yan tawayen ta bayyana ƙarara cewa tana son dakatar da haƙo mai a Najeriya. A lokacin mulkin Buhari hare-haren sun rage yawan man da ake haƙowa daga ganga miliyan 2.2 da aka tsara zuwa ganga miliyan 1.4 a rana.

4. Cin hanci da rashawa da son zuciya

Haka kuma cin hanci da rashawar da aka yi fama da shi a lokacin mulkin Buhari ya gurgunta ci gaban ƙasar. Kungiyar da ke yaƙi da cin hanci da rashawa ta Transparency International ta sanya Najeriya a matsayi na 136 a cikin ƙasashe 168 a shekarar 2015.

5. Kisan kiyashin da aka yi wa ‘yan Shi’ah

Amnesty International ta zargi sojojin Najeriya da kashe ‘yan Shi’a 350 a cikin watan Disamba. Rundunar sojin kasar ta ce ‘yan Shi’ar sun yi yunkurin kashe shugaban sojojin ƙasar ne. Masu fafutukar kare hakkin bil’adama suna tantama kan wannan sigar abubuwan da suka faru. A cewar al’ummar Shi’a an kashe aƙalla mutane 22. A garuruwa daban-daban.

Manazarta

British Broadcasting Corporation. (2010, September 16). BBC Hausa – News – Takaitaccen tarihin janar Mohammadu Buhari.

Harjes, C. (2016, October 14). Nigeria: Buhari’s biggest challenges. DW

Pike, J. (n.d.). Muhammadu Buhari – Biography.

Welle, D. (2015, March 26). Taƙaitaccen tarihin Janar Muhammadu Buhari. DW

Tuna Baya: Tarihin janar Muhammadu Buhari – Aminiya. (n.d.). Aminiya.