Nitrogen wanda ke da tambari ko alamar (N), sinadarin iskar gas ne, yana rukuni na 15 a bisa teburin da ke ɗauke da jerin ma’adanai da sinadarai wanda ake kira da periodic table a Turance. Nitrogen gas ne marar launi, marar wari ko kamshi kuma marar ɗanɗano wanda shi ne mafi yawan sinadari a cikin yanayin sararin duniya kuma shi ne tushen duk wani abu mai rai.
Yanayin duniya ya ƙunshi iskar gas iri-iri da yawa. Amma iskar gas ɗin da ta mamaye mafi yawan adadin sinadaran iskokin ita ce iskar nitrogen. Idan aka yi nazari game da abubuwan da ke cikin yanayi daki-daki, nitrogen na da kashi 78%, yayin da kashi 21% ke tafiya ga oxygen, sai kashi 1% na argon, da burbushin carbon dioxide, krypton da hydrogen.
Har ila yau, nitrogen na da sinadarai kamar nitrous oxide, neon, helium, methane, xenon, ozone, iodine, carbon monoxide, da ammonia. Saboda haka, kasancewar iskar mafi yawan a cikin yanayin duniya. Iskar itrogen na da ƙwayoyin nitrogen guda biyu, don haka tsarin ƙwayoyin halittar wannan iska shi ne N2. Wani sanannen masanin kimiyya mai suna Daniel Rutherford shi ne ya gano ta a shekara ta 1772.
Samuwa da yawaitar sinadarin nitrogen
Thompson, R. (2020), ya kawo tarihin samuwar sinadarin nitrogen cewa, Daniel Rutherford, ɗan ƙasar Scotland ne ya gano shi a shekarar 1772, kamar yadda ya zo a shafin Apex Gasgen. Nitrogen yana matsayi na shida a cikin jerin abubuwan da ke yalwa a sararin duniya. Yanayin sararin duniya ya ƙunshi kashi 75.51 a bisa ma’aunin nauyi, ko kuma kashi 78.09% na nitrogen. Har ila yau, yanayin yana ƙunshe da ƙananan adadin sinadaran ammonia da gishirin ammonium, da nitrogen oxides da nitric acid. Ana samun nitrogen cikin sauƙi a yawancin meteorites a cikin iskar gas ta aman wuta, minerals, da wasu maɓuɓɓugan minerals a cikin rana da wasu taurari da nebulae.
Nitrogen yana wanzuwa a sinadiran mineral na nitre ko saltpetre (potassium nitrate, KNO3) da Chile saltpetre (sodium nitrate, NaNO3), kuma waɗannan suna wanzuwa a adadin da ba sa wadata ga bukatun ɗan’adam. Wani abu mai yawan sinadarin nitrogen shi ne guano, ana samunsa a cikin kogon jemagu da busassun wuraren da tsuntsaye ke yawan zuwa. A haɗe ana samun nitrogen a cikin ruwan sama da ƙasa a matsayin sinadarin ammonia da gishirin ammonium, har ma da cikin ruwan teku ana samun sinadarin nitrogen kamar ammonium (NH4+), nitrite (NO2−), da nitrate (NO3-) ions.
Nitrogen ya ƙunshi kusan kashi 16 bisa 100 na nauyin hadaddun sinadaran furotin, waɗanda ke jikin dukkan halittu masu rai. Yawancin yanayi na nitrogen a bisa doron ƙasa shi ne kashi 0.3 cikin 1,000. Indiya, Rasha, Amurka, Trinidad da Tobago, da Ukraine su ne manyan ƙasashe masu samar da nitrogen a sigar sinadarin ammonia a farkon ƙarni na 21.
Yadda za a samar da sinadarin nitrogen
Nitrogen yana matsayi na shida a sinadaran da ke sararin duniya. za a iya samun shi a cikin meteorites da duwatsun volcanoes da ma’adanai da rana da taurari da kuma nebulae. Sai dai duk haka iskar nitrogen da ke samuwa ta waɗannan wurare ba ta wadatar da buƙatun ɗan’adam ba. Don haka, a cewar wata mai suna Instructables. (2017), ana iya ƙirƙirar sinadarin iskar da yawan gaske ta hanyoyin gwaje-gwaje da yawa.
Idan aka yi nazari game da tarihin nitrogen, mutanen ƙasar Masar sun samo iskar nitrogen tun a da can ta hanyar cakuda taki da gishiri da fitsari, sai su ɗumama shi. Hayaƙin iskar da ya tashi ya kashe wutar kyandir, kuma kashe ɓera yayin da ya shaƙe shi, wannan ya tabbatar da cewa sun samar da sinadarin kuma ya dace da daidai.
A zamanin yau, masana’antu suna ƙirƙirar nitrogen don sayar ta hanyar fractional distillation of liquefied air. Haka nan za a iya samar da shi ta hanyar kona carbon ko hydrocarbons a cikin iska sannan a ware ruwan da aka samu da carbon dioxide daga ragowar sinadarin nitrogen.
Amfanin Nitrogen
Kasancewar iskar nitrogen iskar gas ce mai daraja za a iya amfani da ita don rage iskar oxygen da abubuwa daban-daban. Sosai ana amfani da ita wajen samar da sinadarin ammonia, wanda ake amfani da shi a matsayin taki ko wasu abubuwa daban-daban. Ga wasu fa’idojin amfanin nitrogen a cewar shafin Gas, O. (2022):
Sarrafa kemikal
Ana amfani da nitrogen don ƙirƙirar da sarrafa yanayi marar ƙarancin iskar oxygen wanda ke rage haɗari ga muhalli tare da yaɗawa ta hanyar bututu; da kuma samar da sinadarin ammonia.
Sarrafa abinci
Ana amfani da shi don tsawaita yawan lokacin lalacewar abincin fakiti kamar danshi da kamuwa da kwarinko daskarewa da sauri da kuma sanyaya abubuwan da ke lalacewa yayin sufuri.
Haƙo fetur da tacewa
Ana amfani da nitrogen don inganta ayyukan haƙar mai da tafkunan mai da iskar gas tare da dakon su zuwa tankunan ajiya da kuma yayin saukewa. Hakazalika, ana amfani da shi don tsaftace bututun mai.
Sarrafa ƙarafa
Nitrogen na taimakawa wajen kare ƙarafa irin su jan ƙarfe da aluminium yayin aikin tarwatsawa da narkarwar. Ana amfani da shi a matsayin iskar gas tare da baƙin karfe don yin ƙarfen walda. Haka nan ana amfani da shi don tallafa wa yankan plasma.
Lantarki
Ana amfani da shi don hana cakuduwa da oxygen yayin ƙera na’urorin semi-conductor tare da haɓaka tsarin dawo da ƙarfin wuta ta hanyar kawar da amfani da chlorofluorocarbons.
Sarrafa gilashi
Ana amfani da shi don sanyaya sinadarin gilashi da aka narka tare da hana shigar iskar oxygen da kuma rage yanayin zafi don samar da ingantaccen yanayi.
Bincike da lafiya
Ana amfani da nitrogen don daskarewa da adana jini ko tsoka ko maniyyi da sauran abubuwa halitta. Haka nan ana amfani da shi wajen daskarar da wani waje a jikin mara lafiya a yayin tiyatar cryosurgery da dermatology. Ana amfani da shi a matsayin maganin kashe kwayoyin cuta a gidaje.
Tasirin nitrogen ga lafiya
Nitrogen dioxide yana haifar da illoli tare da cutarwa ga hunhu kamar haka:
- Ƙara kumburin hanyoyin iska
- Tari mai tsanani
- Rage aikin hunhu
- Barazanar kamuwa da asma
Shaidun ilimin kimiyya sun nuna cewa kamuwa da cutar NO2 na iya haifar da asma ga yara.
Mutanen da ke cikin haɗari
Duk da yake kowa yana cikin haɗarin nitrogen ga lafiya na gurɓataccen iskar nitrogen, waɗanda ke zaune kusa da wuraren fitar da hayaki suna cikin haɗari mafi girma. Sauran jama’a masu rauni a cikin haɗari mafi girma daga bayyanar nitrogen dioxide sun haɗa da:
- Matan da ke da juna biyu
- Jarirai, yara da matasa
- Manya ‘yan kimanin shekaru 65 shekaru
- Mutanen da ke da wasu cututtukan kamar su asma, cututtukan hunhu (COPD), cututtukan zuciya, ciwon sukari, da kuma kansar huhu
- Masu shan taba ko waɗanda suka taɓa sha a baya
- Mutanen da ke da ƙarancin abin hannu
Muhimman bayanai game da nitrogen
- Nitrogen ba shi da wari, ba shi da ɗanɗano kuma ba shi da launi.
- Nitrogen gas (N2) shi ne kashi 78.1% na yanayin iskar duniya
- Yanayin ya ƙunshi kimanin tan tiriliyan 4,000 na sinadarin nitrogen N2.
- Nitrogen ba sinadarin karfe ba ne, babu ƙarfe a cikinsa.
- Nitrogen gas ba ya motsi. Wasu ƙwayoyin bakteriya na ƙasa suna iya daukar nitrogen zuwa wani nau’i wanda shuke-shuke da dabbobi za su iya amfani da su don samar da amino acid da furotin.
- Masanin sinadarai ɗan kasar Faransa Antoine Laurent Lavoisier shi ya raɗa sunan nitrogen azote.
- Ana samun sinadaran nitrogen a cikin abinci ko taki ko guba da sauran abubuwan fashewa.
- Nitrogen ke da alhakin launukan orange-ja, blue-kore, blue-violet, da zurfin violet na aurora.
- Hanya ɗaya ta ƙirƙirar iskar nitrogen ita ce ta hanyar ruwa da kuma raguwar juzu’i daga yanayi.
- Nitrogen yana da valence na 3 ko 5.
- Daniel Rutherford, ɗan ƙasar Scotland ne ya gano shi a shekarar 1772.
- Shi ne sinadari na biyar mafi yawa a sararin iskar duniya.
Manazarta
Instructables. (2017, October 15). Homemade liquid nitrogen generator. Instructables.
Gas, O. (2022, April 20). Common Uses of Nitrogen Gas | What is Nitrogen Gas Used For? Onsite Gas.
Thompson, R. (2020, May 6). The history of nitrogen. Apex Gasgen.