Olusegun Obasanjo

Cikakken sunan Obasanjo shi ne Olusegun Mathew Okikiola Aremu Obasanjo. An haife shi a ranar 5 ga watan Maris na shekarar 1937. Ya fito ne daga tsatson Amos Adigun da Ashabi Obasanjo, da suke garin Abeokuta, kudu maso yammacin Najeriya. Obasanjo ya rasa mahaifinsa da mahaifiyarsa a 1958 da 1959 a jere.

Obasanjo ya auri kamar; Bola Alice da Esther Oluremi da marigayiya Lynda da marigayiya Stella Abebe da kuma marigayiya Mojisola Adekunle. Gabaɗaya yana da ‘ya’ya ashirin. Wasu daga cikin ‘ya’yansa ne ke kan gaba a harkokin Najeriya.

Karatunsa

A shekarar 1948, ya halarci makarantar Saint David Ebenezer, Ibogun inda ya yi karatun firamare. Daga baya, ya koma Baptist Boys’ High School (BBHS), Abeokuta. A shekarar 1958. A makarantar Baptist Boy’s High School (BBHS), Abeokuta (1952-56), ya yi ƙwazo sosai. Duk da cewa ya kasa zuwa jami’a saboda karancin kuɗi daga iyayensa, rundunar sojojin Najeriya ta zama wata babbar katanga da ya jinjina da ita.

Shigarsa aikin soja

Obasanjo ya shiga aikin sojan Najeriya a watan Maris 1958, bayan ya yi aiki na ɗan lokaci a matsayin malami lokacin da ya kammala karatunsa a BBHS. Horonsa na farko shi ne a makarantar koyarwa ta musamman ta jami’ai, da ke a Teshi, Ghana kuma daga baya ya halarci makarantar Mons Officers’ Cadet, Aldershot, Ingila (1958-59).

Ya kuma kara samun horo a Royal College of Military Engineering, Chatham, da ke Ingila da Makarantar Bincike, Newbury, a Ingila da Kwalejin Tsaro ta Indiya da makarantar koyon aikin injiniya ta sojojin Indiya, da ke lardin Poona; da kuma Royal Defence Studies, London, da sauran cibiyoyin soji.

Sakamakon samun damarmakin horo da gogewa a fannin aikin soja cikin gaggawa, sai aka ba shi matsayin laftanal na biyu a shekarar 1959. Ya yi aiki da bataliyoyin Burtaniya a Ingila da Jamus. Bayan shekara guda, wato a shekarar 1960, ya samu ƙarin girma zuwa muƙamin laftanal. A matsayinsa na soja, shugaba Obasanjo ya riƙe muƙamai da dama da suka haɗa da aiki da rundunar wanzar da zaman lafiya ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a ƙasar Kongo a lokacin. Ya yi canjin sheka daga rundunar sojan ƙasa zuwa hukumar injiniyoyi a shekarar 1961. A shekarar 1963 aka sake ƙara masa girma zuwa muƙamin kyaftin sannan aka naɗa shi kwamandan injiniyoyi.

A shekarar 1965, ya samu muƙamin manjo, inda ya jagoranci sashen injiniyoyi a hukumar sojojin Najeriya. Tsakanin 1967 – 69, har ila yau, an ƙara masa girma zuwa matsayin laftanar kanar kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin kwamandan yanki na biyu, na sojojin Najeriya, shiyya ta biyu, da kwamandan rundunar sojojin da ke Ibadan. Ya kuma samu muƙamin kanar wanda ya yi aiki a sashin kwamandojin ruwa na uku,

Ya yi fice a aikin soja a shekarar 1969 lokacin da ya karɓi ragamar shugabancin rundunar soja ta 3 daga hannun kanar Benjamin Adekunle. Nan da nan ya kaddamar da “Operation Tail Wind,” wanda ya taimaka wajen kawo ƙarshen yaƙin basasa.

Ya samu muƙamin birgediya a shekarar 1972. Bayan ya dawo daga babbar jami’a a kwalejin nazarin tsaro ta Biritaniya a shekarar 1974 aka naɗa shi kwamishinan ayyuka da gidaje na tarayya sannan ya zama mataimaki ga  Murtala Muhammed. A lokacin da yake riƙe da muƙamin kwamishinan ayyuka, ya fara aikin gine-ginen bariki a duk fadin ƙasa Nijeriya. Shekaru da dama da suka wuce, ya zama aboki ga manjo Chukwuma Kaduna Nzeogwu wanda ya rubuta littafin, Nzeogwu, da dai sauransu.

Mulkinsa na soja

A ranar 13 ga Fabrairun 1976, Obasanjo ya tsallake rijiya da baya a juyin mulkin da kanal Dimka ya jagoranta. Juyin mulkin bai yi nasara ba, domin kawai masu yunkurin kashe Janar Murtala Muhammed ne, yayin da Obasanjo da Janar Theophilus Danjuma suka tsira daga mutuwa. Danjuma shi ne babban hafsan soji kuma mutum na uku a kasar a lokacin. Daga nan Obasanjo da Danjuma suka kafa jerin gwano, suka kuma sami galaba akan tsarin.

Bayan haka ne Majalisar Koli ta sojoji ta naɗa Obasanjo a matsayin shugaban kasa a ranar 13 ga Fabrairu, 1976. Sannan ya yi alƙawarin ci gaba da shirin maido da mulkin farar hula da kuma inganta ayyukan gwamnati a Najeriya.

A shekarar 1977, ya kafa kamfanin man fetur na Najeriya (NNPC), ya kuma shirya bikin fasaha da al’adu na duniya wato, the second World Black and African Festival of Arts and Culture (FESTAC ’77), ya kafa tashoshin wutar lantarki na Egbin, Ughelli da Afam da kafa hukumar kula da cin hanci da rashawa; kuma da ƙoƙarin gwamnatinsa ne aka samu ‘yancin kan ga Angola da kuma Zimbabwe daga baya.

Ya gabatar da alkawari na ƙasa don tabbatar da kishin ƙasa Najeriya tare da sanya waƙoƙin ƙasa ‘yan asali. Ya kafa kwamitin tsara kundin tsarin mulki da majalisar wakilai; ya ƙirƙiri takardar kudi ta N20 ne don karrama abokinsa kuma magabacinsa Marigayi janar Murtala Muhammed tare da gabatar da dokar amfani da filaye a ranar 29 ga Maris, 1978. Janar Obasanjo ya kuma tabbatar da komawar babban birnin tarayya daga Legas zuwa Abuja kamar yadda Murtala ya faɗa.

Janar Obasanjo shi ne shugaban ƙasa na farko a nahiyar Afirka da ya taɓa miƙa mulki ga zaɓaɓɓiyar gwamnati cikin lumana da son rai.

Jajircewar da janar Obasanjo ya yi da manufar gwamnatin Murtala-Obasanjo, na miƙa ragamar mulki ga zaɓaɓɓiyar gwamnati da kuma kishin da ya sanya wajen aiwatar da shirin siyasar da ya kare a ranar 1 ga Oktoba, 1979 ya birge ‘yan Najeriya kuma ƙasashen duniya a lokacin da yawa daga cikin shugabannin soja a wasu wurare a Afirka ba su da niyyar miƙa mulki ga zaɓaɓɓun gwamnatoci. Wato lokaci ne mai tsanani da shugabannin Afirka suke yunwar ci gaba da zama a kan madafun iko ko da za su fuskanci adawa.

A shekarar 1995, Obasanjo  ya zama fursuna mai matukar muhimmanci a lokacin da shugaban mulkin soja, janar Sani Abacha, ya kama shi da laifin yunkurin juyin mulki. Ana kyautata zaton cewa janar Obasanjo da yake ƙasar waje a lokacin da aka gano yunkurin juyin mulkin da wasu abokansa suka gargaɗe shi da cewa gwamnati na neman shi a matsayin wanda ke da hannu a ciki, da karfin hali ya dawo gida. Kamar dai yadda ake kyautata zaton an same shi da laifin don haka aka kai shi gidan yari na yankin da ke Yola inda aka yi niyyar ya mutu.

Kwarewar shi a gidan yari, kodayake bai daɗe ba saboda mutuwar mai tsaron gidan nasa, wani lokaci ana kwatanta shi da na fitaccen fursuna na Afirka ta Kudu, Nelson Mandela. Obasanjo da Mandela sun yi fice a yau a matsayin fitattun ‘yan dimokaradiyya biyu na Afirka waɗanda aka ɗaure saboda rashin adalci. Babu shakka sun ba da gudunmawa matuƙa wajen daukakar Afirka.

Mutane da yawa sun bayyana Olusegun Obasanjo a matsayin uban Najeriya ta zamani saboda irin gudunmawar da ya bayar wajen ci gaban ƙasa a tsawon wa’adinsa na biyu. Janar Obasanjo ya sake farfado da tarihinsa na farko. Shugaban mulkin soja na farko na Afirka da ya miƙa mulki ga gwamnatin farar hula, lokacin da ya yi nasarar miƙa ragamar mulki ga zaɓaɓɓiyar gwamnati a ranar 29 ga Mayu, 2007, abin da ba a taɓa yin irinsa ba a cikin shekaru 47 da suka gabata, a tarihin ƙasa Najeriya.

Shugaban Tarayyar Najeriya (1999-2007)

Marigayi Sani Abacha ya daure Obasanjo a gidan yari a shekarar 1995 bayan ya yi magana game da cin zarafin dan’adam da ake yi a zamanin mulkin Abacha. An zarge shi da hannu a juyin mulkin da bai yi nasara ba. An yanke masa hukuncin kisa wanda daga baya aka mayar da shi zaman gidan yari na shekaru 30.

Obasanjo ya shaƙi iskar ‘yanci ne bayan mutuwar Abacha a ranar 8 ga watan Yuni, 1998. Kuma a shekara ta gaba, ya tsaya takarar shugabancin ƙasa a ƙarƙashin jam’iyyar Peoples’ Democratic Party, PDP. Ya samu nasarar ne da kusan kashi 63% inda ya kayar da Cif Olu Falaye, ɗan takarar jam’iyyar All Peoples Party, APP da Alliance for Democracy, AD.

Wannan shi ne zabe na farko na dimokradiyya bayan shekaru goma sha shida na mulkin soja. An rantsar da Obasanjo a matsayin shugaban kasar Najeriya a ranar 29 ga watan Mayun 1999 kuma ana bikin tunawa da ranar a matsayin ranar dimokradiyya a Najeriya. Kodayake, shugaban kasa Muhammadu Buhari ya sauya ranar bikin a shekarar 2018 zuwa ranar 12 ga watan Yuni domin karrama Cif M.K.O Abiola.

Shugaba Olusegun Obasanjo ya yi wa’adi biyu a matsayin shugaban Najeriya. An zabe shi a karo na biyu a shekarar 2003 bayan ya doke Janar Muhammadu Buhari. Sannan ya mikawa shugaba Umar Musa Yar’adua.

Shi ne ya ɓullo da tsarin Global System of Mobile (GSM). Wannan ya biyo bayan fasahar wayar hannu ta riga ta wanzu a ƙasashe makwabta kamar Benin, Togo, da Ghana. Bugu da kari, ya samu yafewa Najeriya bashi daga Paris da London Club. Har ila yau, ya ƙaddamar da babban shirin mayar da kasuwancin jama’a.

Nasarorin mulkinsa

Gwamnatin Obasanjo ta ɓullo da aiwatar da ayyukan da suka yi tasiri ga rayuwar ‘yan Nijeriya, ba tare da la’akari da matsayi ba. Gwamnatinsa ta kaddamar da Nijeriya a kan turbar ci gaban siyasa, zamantakewa da tattalin arziki. Kaɗan daga cikin nasarorin da aka samu a zamaninsa sun hada da:

• Yaƙi da cin hanci da rashawa da kwato dukiyar ƙasa daga ma’aikatan gwamnati da suka shuɗe, wanda suka wawure;
• sake tattaunawa tare da biyan basussukan Najeriya daga karshe;
• ƙarfafa harkokin bankuna;
• tabbatar da gaskiya a fannin hada-hadar kudi;
• bude masana’antar sadarwa ta ƙasa;
• ‘yantar da bangaren ilimi da bude kofa ga kamfanoni masu zaman kansu da saka hannun jari a manyan makarantu.

An kuma sami gagarumin ci gaba a cikin fagage masu zuwa:

• Shirin fasahar sararin samaniya – ƙaddamar da tauraron ɗan’adam guda biyu, SAT 3 da NICOMSAT
• Shirin makamashi da shirye-shiryen nukiliya
• Bangaren ilimi
• Shirin fasahar ICT
• Shirye-shiryen fasahar halittu
• Shirin bunƙasa fannin noma
• Shirin kawar da fatara da talauci
• Hukumar raya Neja Delta

Bisa la’akari da jajircewarsa da sadaukarwar da ya yi a fagen Afirka da kuma gogewarsa da fahimtar yanayin siyasa da zamantakewa da al’adu na Afirka, an naɗa Shugaba Obasanjo a matsayin manzon musamman na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan samar da zaman lafiya tsakanin bangarorin da ke rikici da juna a DRC. Shigarsa ya sake haɗa kan maƙiya da kuma samar da zaman lafiya a yankin.

Harkokin kasuwanci

Obasanjo ɗan kasuwa ne yana da jarin kansa da yawa da yake juyawa a fannonin kasuwanci da dama da suka haɗa da:

• Obasanjo Farms, wanda ya kafa a 1979. A yau. Obasanjo Farms na samar da ayyukan yi ga dubban ’yan Najeriya.
• Har ila yau, a shekarar 1995, ya kafa makarantar hadin gwiwa, watau Bells comprehensive secondary school, da ke Ota, jihar Ogun.
• Bugu da ƙari, a ƙarƙashin Gidauniyar Bells, ya kafa Jami’ar Fasaha ta Bells a 2004.

Muƙamai da karramawa

Obasanjo ya samu muƙamai da karramawa da yawa musamman a shekarun da ludayinsa ke kan dawo, ga wasu daga cikinsu:

• 1981-87,  Memba a Hukumar UNESCO.
• 1983-89 Memba, a Hukuma mai zaman kanta kan tsaro (Hukumar Olaf Palme)
• 1983, Memba na kwamitin WHO na ƙwararru akan Tasirin Makamin Nukiliya
• 1987-93, Darakta, a hukumar Better World Society, Washington D.C.
• 1988-99, mai ba da shawara na musamman ga Cibiyar Noma ta Duniya, Ibadan.
• 1989, Memba, Ƙungiya mai zaman kanta a kan Ci gaban Kuɗi don ƙasashe masu tasowa (Hukumar Schmidt)
• Memba na 1989, Majalisar Shawara, Ayyukan Duniya na Majalisar
• 1989-99, Shugaban, Majalisar Shawara, Transparency International (TI)
• 1990, Memba, a Majalisar Ba da Shawara, Cibiyar Kula da Da’a ta Duniya
• 1991, Memba, Majalisar Fitattun Mutane, Cibiyar Tattaunawa ta Duniya, Cibiyar Carter na Jami’ar Emory, Atlanta
• 1991, Memba, Majalisar Masu Ba da Shawara, Farashin Abinci na Duniya, Des Monies Lowa
• 1992, Memba, Ƙungiyar Ba da Shawarwari akan Tallafin Kuɗi na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya (Ford Foundation)
• 1993-95, Memba, Kwamitin Ba da Shawarar Sakatare Janar na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan Afirka
• 1994 – Jami’in sa ido na zabe a Mozambique bisa gayyatar gwamnatin Mozambique
• 1994-99 Memba, Majalisar Ba da Shawara, Hukumar Carnegies a kan Hana Mummunan rikice-rikice
• 1995-99, UNDP Ambassador Development Human.

Waɗannan mukamai da wasu da dama sun taimaka wajen daukaka martabar Shugaba Obasanjo. A shekarar 1992 har ma ya kasance a sahun ‘yan takarar neman mukamin babban sakataren Majalisar Dinkin Duniya.

Kyautuka da lambobin yabo

• Defence Service Medal
• Forces Service Star
• General Service Medal
• Meritorious Service Star
• National Service Medal
• Republic Medal
• Silver Jubilee Medal
• Prize for Freedom, Liberal International, 1997
• National Achievement Award, Africa America Institute (AAI), 1999
• Agricola Medal, UN Food and Agriculture Organisation, December 2003
• Lifetime Achievement Award, African Telecom Hall of Fame Award, 2010
• Global Leadership Award, United Nations, 2012
• Centenary Award, President Goodluck Jonathan, 2014
• Exemplary Ambassador Award, Heartlink, 2015
• Leadership in Africa Award, African Muzik Magazine Awards (AFRIMMA), 2017
• Father of the Nation, National Youth Council of Nigeria, 2019

Digirin girmamawa da ya samu

Har ila yau dai shugaba Obasanjo ya samu digirin girmamawa da yawa daga jami’o’i da daban-daban a ciki da wajen ƙasar, kaɗan daga cikinsu su ne:

• Honorary Doctorate Degree (Howard University, Washington DC USA)
• Honorary Doctorate Degree (University of Maiduguri, Nigeria)
• Honorary Doctorate Degree (University of Ibadan, Nigeria)
• Honorary Doctorate Degree (University of Maiduguri)
• Doctor of Law (Honoris Causa), University of Namibia
• Doctorate Degree in Public Administration (Honoris Causa), Olabisi Onabanjo University, Nigeria
• Honorary Doctorate Degree of Science, Bowen University, Iwo

Rubuce-rubucensa

A lokacin da ya yi ritaya daga aikin soja, Janar Obasanjo ya kaurace wa harkokin siyasar cikin gida, sai dai bayan wani lokaci wasu dalilai sun kai shi ga rubuta wasu maƙaloli da ƙasidu da suka shafi gwamnatocin Najeriya da suka biyo baya. Ya ba da gudummawa mai mahimmanci, ko dai a matsayin marubuci, edita ko duka biyun. Rubuce-rubucensa sun haɗa da:

1. My Command (Ibadan,1990)
2. Africa Embattled  (Ibadan, 1988)
3. Constitution of National Integration and Development (Lagos, 1989)
4. Leadership Challenged of Economic Reforms Africa (New York (1990)
5. Not My Will (Ibadan, 1990)
6. Elements of Development (Co-edited with Prof Akin Mabogunje, Ota, 1992)
7. Elements of Democracy (Co-edited with Prof Akin Mabogunje, Ota, 1992)
8. The Challenges of Agricultural Production and Food Security in Africa (Co-edited with Hans D’Orville, New York, 1992)
9. Hope for Africa, Selected Speeches of Olusegun Obasanjo (New York, 1993)
10. Africa: Rise to the Challenge (Co-edited with Felix Mosha, New York, 1993)
11. Guide to Effective Prayer (Ota, 1999)
12. The Animal Called Man (Ota, 1999)
13. Women of Virtue (Ota, 1999)
14. Sermon from the Prison (Ota, 2000)
15. A New Dawn (Abuja, 2000)
16. Exemplary Youth in a Difficult World (2001)
17. I See Hope (2002)

Manazarta

Chukwu, O. (2023, August 4). Olusegun Obasanjo Achievements: List of what he did for Nigeria – Nigerian queries.

Entrepreneurs.Ng. (2019, August 30). Obasanjo – Biography, Life Story And Net worth Of Baba Of Africa. Entrepreneurs.