Mabiya ɗarikar Katolika da yawa sun yi mamakin sanarwar Paparoma na farko daga Amirka, abin da aka daɗe ana dako har an fara tunanin kamar ba zai yiwu ba. Amma sai ga shi a Chicago, lallai al’umma sun ji wani abu daban da ba su yi tsammani ba. A halin yanzu dai Amurka na da Paparoma ɗaya.
Robert Francis Prevost ya fito ne daga yankin Chicago, inda ya girma a wani yanki kusa da kudu da birnin kuma ya halarci makarantar cocin Katolika. Duk da tushensa na Amurka ne, rayuwarsa ta wuce iya Amurkan. Ya yi hidima ta tsawon shekaru ashirin a Peru, inda ya zama bishop kuma ɗan ƙasa, sannan ya tashi ya jagoranci tsarin addininsa.
Haihuwarsa
An haifi Robert Francis Prevost a ranar 14 ga Satumba, 1955, a asibitin Mercy da ke birnin Chicago. Mahaifiyarsa, Mildred Agnes Prevost (née Martínez), an haife ta ne a Birnin Chicago ita ma a cikin dangin dangin Louisana Creole waɗanda suka fito a wani ɓangare daga Pierre Boucher na Faransa da Quebec, kuma daga baya suka yi ƙaura daga Ward 7 na New Orleans; ta yi karatu a Jami’ar DePaul inda ta samu digiri na farko a kimiyyar Library Science a 1947. Mahaifinsa, Louis Marius Prevost, shi ma ɗan asalin Chicago ne, tsohon sojan ruwa ne na Amurka.
Tushen nasabarsa
Paparoma Leo na 14 ya fito ne daga tsatson mutanen Creole daga New Orleans. Kakannin iyayen Paparoman, waɗanda aka kwatanta su da baƙar fata ko kuma masu gamin-gambizar tarihi daban-daban, sun rayu ne a Ward na bakwai na birnin, yankin da ke ƙarƙashin Katolika da kuma sashen da mutanen da ke da tushe a Afirka da Caribbean da kuma Turai suke.
Kakannin nasa, Joseph Martinez da Louise Baquié, a ƙarshe sun yi ƙaura zuwa Chicago a farkon ƙarni na 20 kuma suna da ɗiya mai suna Mildred Martinez, wadda ita ce mahaifiyar Paparoma Leo na 14.
Binciken ya nuna cewa Leo XIV, kamar yadda aka san Paparoma, ba wai kawai ya tsaya ba ne a matsayin Paparoma na farko haifaffen Amurka ba. Har ila yau, ya fito ne daga dangin da ke da farcen susa a tarihin Amurka.
Tasowa da karatunsa
Prevost ya girma ne a Dolton, Illinois, wani yanki da ke kan iyaka da Kudancin Chicago. Ya girma a cikin Ikklesiya ta St. Mary kusa da Riverdale, inda ya fara makaranta, ya kuma kasance a cikin ƙungiyar mawaƙan cocin. Prevost ya yi burin zama firist tun yana ƙarami.
Daga 1969 zuwa 1973, Prevost ya halarci makarantar sakandare ta St. Augustine. A makarantar, ya sami Lambar Yabo ta ƙwararrun masu ilimi, sunansa ya fito akai-akai a jerin sunayen waɗanda ake karramawa. Ya yi aiki a matsayin babban editan littafin shekara, kuma ya kasance sakataren majalisar ɗalibai kuma memba na ƙungiyar karramawa ta ƙasa. Ya kuma shiga cikin muhawarori da yawa, yakan fafata sosai a muhawarar da majalisar ke shiryawa.
Karatun jami’a
Prevost ya sami digirin digirgir a fannin lissafi daga Jami’ar Villanova, kwalejin Augustinian da ke kusa da Philadelphia, a cikin 1977. Ya sami Master of Divinity (MDiv) daga Katolic Theological Union da ke Chicago a 1982, kuma ya koyar da kimiyyar lissafi da lissafi a makarantar sakandare ta Chicago St. Ya sami lasisin Canon Law (JCL) a cikin 1984, sannan kuma Doctor of Canon Law (JCD) digiri a 1987, dukkansu daga Jami’ar Pontifical na Saint Thomas Aquinas a Rome. Jami’ar Villanova ta ba shi digirin girmamawa na Doctor of Humanities a cikin 2014.
Kafin zamansa Paparoma
Cardinal Prevost ya riƙe ɗaya daga cikin manyan muƙamai na fadar Vatican, ya tafiyar da ofishin da ke zaɓar bishop-bishop da kula da ayyukansu a duniya.
Memba ne na Order St. Augustine, ya yi kama da Francis a cikin jajircewarsa ga hidimtawa matalauta da baƙi, da kuma ziyarar da mutane a inda suke. Ya gaya wa tashar yanar gizon labarai ta Vatican a bara cewa “Bai kamata bishop ya zama kamar ɗan sarkin da ke zaune a masarautarsa ba.”
Ya shafe yawancin rayuwarsa a wajen Amurka. An naɗa shi a shekarar 1982 yana ɗan shekara 27, ya sami digirin digirgir a fannin shari’a a Jami’ar Pontifical ta St. Thomas Aquinas da ke Rome. A Peru, shi ɗan mishan ne, limamin coci, malami kuma bishop. A matsayin shugaban Augustinians, ya ziyarci umarni a duniya.
Yadda ya zaɓi sunan da za a kira shi
Wani mai magana da yawun fadar Vatican ya ce zaɓen da Cardinal Robert Francis Prevost ya yi na a kira shi Paparoma Leo na 14 ya bayyana a sarari kamar Leo na karshe da ya gabata, wanda ya jagoranci cocin Roman Katolika a lokaci mai wahala kuma ya taimaka wajen kawo ta duniyar zamani.
Leo XIII – wanda shi ne shugaban cocin daga 1878 zuwa 1903, ɗaya daga cikin mafi daɗewa kan mulki a tarihin Paparoma – shi ne wanda ya kare haƙƙin ma’aikata don samun albashi mai tsoka kuma ya saita tsarin koyarwar zamantakewa na zamani na coci. Ana masa laƙabi da “papapa na ma’aikata.”
Harsunan da yake magana da su
Baya ga harshensa na asali na Ingilishi, Leo yana magana da Mutanen Espanya, Italiya, Faransa, da Fotigal, tare da Jamusawa. Yana kuma iya karanta Latin. A lokacin da yake ƙasar Peru, Leo ya koyi ɗan kaɗan daga cikin harsunan Quechuan.
Kamar yadda ya zo a can sama, shi ne Paparoma na farko haifaffen Amurka yana da shaidar kasancewa ɗan ƙasashe guda biyu, wato bayan Amurka ya yi zama a Peru kuma yana magana da aƙalla harsuna uku na duniya.
Manufofi da ra’ayoyinsa
A jawabinsa na farko a matsayin Fafaroma a yammacin ranar Alhamis daga barandar St. Peter’s Basilica, ya kammala da yin nuni da wani ra’ayi da ke ɗaya daga cikin ra’ayoyinsa hannun Paparoma Francis: “cocin synodal.”
Hatta Katolika da yawa ba su san ma’anar kalmar ba, wanda ke nufin tsari na tuntuɓar wanda bishops ke tattauna koyarwa da manufofin coci. A ƙarƙashin Francis, wanda ya nemi dimokaradiyyar coci, an bude wannan tarurrukan ne ga ’yan uwa, gami da mata, waɗanda a shekarar 2023 aka ba su damar kaɗa kuri’a a karon farko kan batutuwan da cocin ya kamata ta magance.
Paparoma Francis ba ya son a ce bishop-bishop ne kawai za su yanke shawarar manufofin coci a cikin ɗakuna ba tare da tuntuɓar wasu masu ruwa da tsakin ba. Ya so ya buɗe kofofin ga dukan alhalin Katolika.
Sai dai babu tabbas ko Paparoma Leo na 14 zai kasance mai ba da dama ga ’yan luwadi da madigo a cikin mabiya ɗarikar Katolika kamar yadda magabacinsa Francis ya kasance. Kodayake bai bayyana ba sosai, a shekarun baya cikin wani jawabi na 2012 ga bishop-bishop, ya koka da cewa kafofin watsa labarai na Yamma da al’adun gargajiya sun bunƙasa kuma sun yi tasiri sosai kan batutuwan.
A matsayinsa na Ba’amurke, yana da matsayi na musamman don ya bambanta da ƙwararrun Katolika na mazan jiya a ƙasarsa. Ya ja da baya da ƙarfi a kan hangen nesa na ikon Kirista da gwamnatin Trump ta ɗaukaka.
Kafin ya zama Paparoma, wani shafin sada zumunta da ke ƙarƙashin sunansa ya yi ta sukar matsayin gwamnatin Trump kan shige da fice.
Kamar sauran shugabannin cocin Katolika, ya sha suka game da yadda yake mu’amala da limaman cocin da ake zargi da lalata da su.
Masu zaɓen sabon Paparoma
An zabi Paparoma Leo a cikin taron da aka fara a ranar 7 ga Mayu, kodayake ba a yi tunanin yana cikin manyan ‘yan takara ba tun farko. Amma hasashe game da Paparoma na gaba sau da yawa yakan tabbatar da cewa ba daidai ba ne; Paparoma Francis ma ba shi ne na gaba-gaba ba da aka yi tsammani.
Cardinals, waɗanda aka fi sani da “sarakunan coci,” suna ƙasa da Paparoma a Cocin Roman Katolika. A halin yanzu akwai Cardinals har guda 252. Waɗanda ba su kai shekaru 80 ba ne kawai suka cancanci kaɗa kuri’a, kuma akwai 135 daga cikinsu, adadi mafi girma a tarihin cocin. Paparoma Francis ya naɗa kusan kashi 80 cikin 100 nasu.
Lokacin da Paparoma ya mutu ko ya sauka, rukunin sarakunan cocin za su zaɓi magaji. Cardinal ɗin za su kaɗa kuri’u har sai an samu wanda ya samu kashi biyu bisa uku daga masu zawarcin kujerar Paparoman. Bayan kowace kaɗa kuri’a, ana kona katunan zaɓn a cikin murhu, tare da abin da ke haifar da hayaƙi mai launi. Ana fitar da hayaƙin ne ta wani bututun hayaƙi da ake iya gani daga dandalin St. Peter, inda jama’a ke taruwa don kallo da jira. Idan kuri’a ta ƙare ba tare da rinjaye kashi biyu bisa uku ba, hayaƙin baƙi ne ke fita. Lokacin da aka cimma matsaya, wato aka samu wanda ya samu kashi biyu bisa uku, hayaƙin fari ne.
Manazarta
Vatican News. (2025b, May 11). Biography of Pope Leo XIV, born Robert Francis Prevost. Vatican News.
Kirby, P. (2025, May 9). Who is Robert Prevost, the new Pope Leo XIV and first American pope? BBC News.
Kim, J. (2025, May 9). Who is the new Pope Leo XIV and what is his background? NPR.
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Duk maƙalun da kuka karanta a wannan taska ta Bakandamiya, marubuta da editocinmu ne suka rubuta. Kuma kowace maƙala da aka buga ta bi muhimman matakai na tantancewa don ganin cewa bayanan dake cikinta sun inganta.
Idan kuma an ga wani kuskure a cikin kowace maƙalarmu, a sanar da mu. Za mu yi bincike sannan mu gyara gwargwadon fahimtarmu.
