Zazzaɓin Rift Valley (RVF) wani nau’in zazzaɓi ne mai haɗari da ke shafar dabbobi a matakin farko daga baya kuma yana shafar mutane. Sauro da ƙudaje masu shan jini suna ɗaukar ƙwayar cutar. A cikin mutane, cutar ta bambanta daga rashin lafiya mai kama da mura zuwa zazzaɓi mai tsanani wanda zai iya yin kisa. Lokacin da dabbobi suka kamu da cutar, cutar na iya haifar da asara mai yawa na tattalin arziki saboda yawan mace-macen ƙananan dabbobi da kuma zubewar ciki a cikin mata masu juna biyu.
Yayin da wasu cutukan kan bayyana daga cizon sauro masu ɗauke da ƙwayar cutar, galibin cututtukan da mutane ke kamuwa da su na faruwa ne ta hanyar haɗuwar jini ko gaɓoɓin dabbobi masu ɗauke da cutar. Wasu rukunin sana’o’i kamar makiyaya, manoma, ma’aikatan yanka da likitocin dabbobi suna cikin haɗarin kamuwa da cutar. Haka kuma mutane na iya kamuwa da cutar ta hanyar shan madarar da ba a dafa ba ta dabbobi masu cutar. Ba a masaniyar yaɗuwar cutar daga mutum zuwa mutum.
Kwayar cutar RVF, dangi ce ta ƙwayar cutar ta Phlebovirus, kuma an fara gano ta a cikin shekara ta 1931 a yayin wata annoba ta tumaki a wata gona a Rift Valley na ƙasar Kenya. Tun daga wannan lokacin, an sami rahoton bullar cutar a yankin kudu da hamadar sahara da arewacin Afirka. A shekara ta 2000, an fara samun rahoton bullar cutar a wajen nahiyar Afirka a ƙasashen Saudiyya da Yemen.
Hanyoyin yaɗuwar cutar
1. Cizon sauro (musamman nau’in Aedes da Culex)
2. Haɗuwar kai tsaye da ruwan jikin dabbobin da suka kamu da cutar
3. Gurbataccen abinci da ruwa
Alamominta a jikin dabbobi
– Zazzaɓi
– Zubewar ciki
– Mutuwa
Alamominta a jikin mutane
– Zazzaɓi
– Ciwon kai
– Ciwon cikin tsoka
– ciwon gaɓɓai (gwiwa)
– Rashi
– A lokuta masu tsanani: zubar jini, ciwon ƙwaƙwalwa da mutuwa.
Yadda cutar Rift Valley take a jikin mutane
Tazarar daga kamuwa da cuta zuwa farkon alamun zazzabin Rift Valley (RVF) ya bambanta daga kwanaki 2 zuwa 6. A cikin sauƙin sigar cutar, mutanen da ke dauke da ƙwayar cutar ko dai ba su sami alamomin da za a iya gane su ba ko kaɗan ko kuma su sami wani nau’i alamu na cutar da ke ɗauke da zazzaɓi mai kama da mura, ciwon jiki, ciwon gaɓɓai da gwiwa da ciwon kai.
Nau’i mai tsanani na Rift Valley
Duk da yake mafi yawan lokuta cutar na da sauƙi ga ɗan’adam, amma ana samun ƙaramin kaso na marasa lafiya da nau’in cutar mafi tsanani. Wannan yawanci yana bayyana a zaman ɗaya ko fiye na nau’ikan cututtuka guda uku: cutar ido (0.5-2% na marasa lafiya), meningoencephalitis (kasa da 1%) ko zazzaɓin haemorrhagic (kasa da 1%).
Jimillar adadin mace-macen RVF ya bambanta sosai tsakanin cututtukan da aka ambata, amma gabaɗaya bai wuce kashi 1% ba. Mafi yawan mace-mace suna faruwa ne a cikin marasa lafiya waɗanda suka sami nau’in cutar haemorrhagic icterus (jaundice).
Gwajin cutar
Kasancewar alamomin zazzaɓin Rift Valley (RVF) sun bambanta kuma babu taƙamaimansu, fahimtar cutar a likitance yana da wahala matuƙa, musamman a farkon lokacin cutar. RVF yana da wuyar bambancewa da sauran zazzaɓi da kuma sauran cututtuka da yawa waɗanda ke haifar da zazzaɓi, gami da zazzaɓin cizon sauro da zazzaɓin typhoid. Don haka, tabbataccen gwajin asali yana buƙatar gwajin ɗakin gwaje-gwaje.
Magunguna
Kamar yadda mafi yawan lokuta mutanen da ke ɗauke da RVF suna samun sauƙi na ɗan gajeren lokaci, marasa lafiyar da ke da wannan nau’i na cutar ba sa buƙatar takamaiman magani. A mafi tsanani lokuta, babban magani shi ne jiyya ta gabaɗaya.
An samar da riga-kafin da ba a tabbatar ba don amfanin ɗan adam, kuma ba shi da lasisi ko na kasuwanci. An yi amfani da shi ne a gwaji don kare lafiyar dabbobi da ma’aikatan ɗakin gwaje-gwaje a wani yunkuri na daƙile haɗarin kamuwa da RVF. Ana binciken wasu allurar riga-kafi a halin yanzu.
A yayin barkewar RVF, kusantar dabbobi da ruwan jikinsu na matsayin mafi girman haɗarin kamuwa da cutar RVF. Ana iya rage haɗarin kamuwa daga dabba zuwa mutum ta hanyar guje wa kiwon dabbobi marasa lafiya da ayyukan yanka ta hanyar kiyaye tsafta mai kyau, da guje wa cin abinci mara kyau, danyar madara ko naman dabbobi a yankunan da abin ya shafa.
Barkewar cutar tun shekarar 2000
- A shekara ta 2000, Ma’aikatar Kiwon Lafiyar Jama’a a Yemen ta ba da rahoton mutane 1087 da ake zargi da cutar, ciki har da mutuwar 121.
- Saudi Arabiya a shekarar 2000 an samu mutane 516 tare da mutuwar 87 daga ƙwayar cutar RVF kamar yadda Ma’aikatar Lafiya ta Saudi Arabiya ta bayyana.
- Ƙasar Misira, a cikin shekarar 2003 akwai mutane 148 ciki har da mutuwar 27 daga ƙwayar cutar RVF a cewar Ma’aikatar Lafiyar ƙasar.
- Daga 30 ga Nuwamba 2006 zuwa 12 Maris 2007, an ba da rahoton bullar cutar ga 684 da suka hada da mutuwar 234 daga RVF a Kenya.
- Daga 19 ga Disamba 2006 zuwa 20 ga Fabrairu 2007, an sami rahoton bullar cutar guda 114 da suka hada da mutuwar mutane 51 a Somaliya.
- Daga ranar 13 ga Janairu zuwa 3 ga Mayu 2007, an samu rahoton bullar cutar guda 264 da suka hada da mutuwar mutane 109 a Tanzaniya.
- Ma’aikatar Lafiya ta Tarayya, Sudan, ta ba da rahoton bullar cutar RVF a ranar 28 ga Oktoba 2008. An sami rahoton bullar cutar 738, ciki har da mutuwar 230 a Sudan tsakanin Nuwamba 2007 da Janairu 2008.
- Ma’aikatar Lafiya, Madagascar ta ba da rahoton bullar cutar RVF a ranar 17 ga Afrilu 2008. Daga Janairu zuwa Yuni 2008, an ba da rahoton mutane 476 da ake zargi da kamuwa da cutar ta RVF ciki har da mutuwar 19 daga larduna 4.
- Har ila yau, daaga Disamba 2008 zuwa Mayu 2009, Ma’aikatar Lafiya, Madagascar ta ba da rahoton mutane 236 da ake zargin sun kamu da cutar ciki har da mutuwar 7.
- Daga Fabrairu zuwa Yuli 2010, Gwamnatin Afirka ta Kudu ta ba da rahoton 237 da aka tabbatar da cutar RVF a cikin mutane, ciki har da mutuwar 26 daga larduna 9.
- Ma’aikatar Lafiya a Mauritania ta ba da sanarwar bullar cutar RVF a ranar 4 ga Oktoba 2012. Daga 16 Satumba 2012 zuwa 13 ga Nuwamba 2012, jimillar cutar 36, ciki har da mutuwar 18. rahotanni daga yankuna 6.
- Ya zuwa ranar 11 ga Oktoba, 2016, Ma’aikatar Lafiya ta ba da rahoton wasu mutane 105 da ake zargi da kamuwa da cutar, ciki har da mutuwar 28 daga ƙwayar cutar RVF a cikin mutane a yankin Tahoua.
Manazarta
Adamu, A. M., Allam, L., Sackey, A. K., Nma, A. B., Mshelbwala, P. P., Mambula-Machunga, S., Idoko, S. I., Adikwu, A. A., Nafarnda, W. D., Garba, B. S., Owolodun, O. A., Dzikwi, A. A., Balogun, E. O., & Simon, Y. A. (2021). Risk factors for Rift Valley fever virus seropositivity in one-humped camels (Camelus dromedarius) and pastoralist knowledge and practices in Northern Nigerwho.int/health-topics/rift-valley-fever
https://www.who.int/health-topics/rift-valley-feveria. One Health, 13, 100340.
(2010, August 31). Facts about Rift Valley fever. European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control.
World Health Organization: WHO. (2019a, November 1). Rift valley fever. . World Health Organization