Zuciya

Zuciyar ɗan’adam wani curin nau’in nama ne mai gautsi, mai asali daga yaɗin jijiyoyin jikinsa masu taushi da a harshen Turanci ake kira Cardiac Muscle. Wannan curin nama na ɗauke ne cikin kogon ƙirjin ɗan Adam, daga ɓangaren hagunsa. Girman zuciya duk bai shige dunƙulen yatsun ɗan Adam matashi ba. Kuma tana ɗauke ne da wasu ƙwaroron jijiyoyi guda huɗu masu taimakawa wajen shigi-da-ficin jini a bangaren dama da hagu, da ɓangaren sama da ƙasanta.

Bambancin zuciyar mace da namiji

Akwai bambanci tsakanin girma da nauyin zuciyar namiji da zuciyar mace. A yayin da nauyin zuciyar namiji ke tsakanin giram 300 – 350, nauyin zuciyar mace bai wuce tsakanin giram 250 – 300 ba. Allah kaɗai ya san haƙiƙanin hikimar da ke tsakanin bambanta girmansu.

Gudanar zuciya

Zuciyar ɗan’adam na gudanar da ayyuka masu ɗimbin yawa waɗanda har yanzu malaman kimiyyar halittar jikin ɗan Adam sun kasa tantance adadinsu. Abin da ake ta yi dai shi ne bincike, har zuwa wannan lokaci da nake wannan rubutu. Amma muhimmi daga cikin ayyukan zuciya da ake iya gani da jinsa, shi ne lura da babban tsarin sadar da jini ga dukkan ɓangarorin jikin aɗan Adam; daga yatsun ƙafafunsa zuwa jijiyoyin ƙwaƙwalwarsa, dare da rana da safe da yamma.

Zuciya ce ke taimaka wa tsarin gewayen jini a jikin ɗan’adam (watau Circulatory System), wajen fanfon jini daga kasa zuwa sama, da akasin hakan. Zuciya ce injin da ke fanfon jini a wannan tsari. Wannan aiki na samuwa ne ta hanyar bugun zuciya (Heartbeat) da ke samuwa a duk sadda zuciyar ta takura (don harba jini) sannan ta sake (don jawo jini) daga wani ɓangare zuwa wani ɓangare. An kiyasta cewa zuciyar kowane matashi kan buga sau 72 a cikin minti ɗaya.

Aikin zuciya

Malaman kimiyyar halittan jikin ɗan Adam sun tabbatar da cewa zuciyar ɗan Adam na fara aikinta ne (ta hanyar bugawa don aikawa da karɓar jini a jiki), makwanni uku da gama tsara halittar ɗan tayi a mahaifa. Ma’ana, da zarar Allah ya busa rai a jikin ɗan tayin da ke mahaifa, nan take zuciyarsa ke fara aikinta. Kuma haka za ta ci gaba da bugawa har tsawon rayuwarsa.

Wadannan jijiyoyi da ke aikin takurawa da sakewa a zuciya ba su samun hutu sai na ‘yar tazarar lokacin da ke tsakanin takura da sakewar. Ma’ana, tsawon lokacin da bai kai dakika daya ba kenan. Bincike ya kuma tabbatar da cewa, mutumin da zai yi shekaru 76 a duniya, zuciyarsa za ta buga sau biliyan biyu da miliyan dari takwas (2.8 billion beats), kuma za ta harba jinin da adadinsa ya kai lita miliyan 169 a yayin wannan bugawa nata. Dankari! Wannan ke nuna cewa a dukkan jikin ɗan Adam, babu bangaren da ya fi zuciyarsa tsawon lokacin aiki, da yawan aiki, da kuma inganci wajen halitta. Duk da cewa sauran suna da inganci su ma.

Masana ba su gushe ba tun farkon zamani wajen binciken halin da zuciyar ɗan Adam ke aiki a yanayi daban-daban. Daga lokacin da aka fara rubutun tarihi zuwa yanzu, an gano abubuwa da dama dangane da abin da ya shafi zuciyar ɗan Adam. Waɗanda tarihi ya tabbatar da kokarinsu dai su ne likitocin Kibdawan kasar Masar, sai kuma likitocin Girkawa (Greek Physicians), sai likitocin Daular Rumowa.

Daga nan sai likitocin karni na 16 da 17 da suka tagaza nasu kokarin, wajen binciko bangaren jikin ɗan Adam da ke da alhakin harba jini zuwa sauran bangarorin jikinsa. Kokarin masana irin su Michael Servetus da William Harvey ne ya taimaka wajen gano hakikanin bangaren da ke wannan aiki; watau zuciya. Muna shiga karni na 20 kuma sai wannan tsarin bincike ya dauki wani sabon salo, inda aka samu likitan farko da ya yi kurum wajen gunadar da tiyar zuciya (Heart Surgery) na farko a duniya a kasar Amurka. Wannan likita kuwa shi ne L.L. Hill, a shekarar 1902. A wannan karni ne har wa yau aka gudanar da bincike don samar da na’urar binciken zuciya, watau ECG.

Wanda ya yi wannan hoɓɓasa kuwa shi ne wani likita ɗan kasar Jamus mai suna Willem Einthoven, a shekarar 1924. Daga nan dai tsarin bincike ya ci gaba da haɓaka, har muka samu kanmu cikin wannan zamani mai ɗauke da nau’urori kala-kala da ake amfani da su wajen gwajin bugun zuciya, da na ɗaukar hoton zuciya, da wuƙaƙen da ake amfani da su wajen yin tiyatar zuciya da dai sauran makamantansu.

A farkon lamari likitoci ba su yarda cewa za a iya yi wa zuciya tiyata ba, saboda tsananin taushi da gautsin da ke tattare da ita. Har sai da likita L.L. Hill ya gwada yi wa wani yaro dan shekaru 8 a shekarar 1902, kamar yadda bayani ya gabata. Don haka, a mahangar malaman kimiyyar halittar ɗan Adam (Physiologists), muhimmin aikin zuciya shi ne samar da bugawar jini zuwa sassan jiki, da kuma daidai harbawar zuciya, da taimaka wa sauran ɓangarorin jiki wajen samar da jini mai ɗauke da sinadaran iska, don tafiyar da rayuwa.