Maƙabartar baki’a (baƙiyya) dake birnin Madinah Al-Munawwarah, maƙabarta ce mai albarka da ta shahara a faɗin duniya. Ana mata inkiya da Baƙi’ul Gharƙad, ko kuma Jannatul Baƙi’a. Wannan maƙabarta ta ƙunshi tarihin Musulunci da kuma darajar waɗanda suka gina wannan addini tun daga tushe. An binne dubban sahabbai, iyalan Annabi Sallallahu alaihi Wasallama, da mashahuran malamai da musulmai daga kowane zamani a cikinta.
Maƙabartar Baƙi’a na kusa da Masallacin Manzon Allah (SAW). Wannan maƙabarta na da tarihi fiye da shekara 1400. Har ila yau, tana da daraja ta musamman a zuciyar musulmi, domin ita ce maƙabarta mafi daraja da girma a duniyar Musulunci bayan Maƙabartar Manzon Allah (SAW) da ke cikin Masjidi Nabiyyi.
Maqabartar Baƙi’a na daga cikin fitattun wuraren tarihi da ke nuna zurfin tarihin Musulunci da darajar sahabban Manzon Allah (SAW). Ita ce maƙabarta da ta ɗauki mafi yawan sahabbai da Ahlul Bayt, kuma tana da matsayi na musamman a zukatan Musulmi. Ziyartar Baƙi’a na ƙara wa Musulmi ilimi, natsuwa, tausayi, da kuma koyi da sahabbai da Ahlul Baytin Manzon Allah Sallallahu alaihi Wasallama. Sannan ziyartar Baƙi’a na taimakawa wajen tuna lahira. Duk da rushewar gine-gine, darajarta ba ta ragu a zuciyar Musulmi ba. Kira na ci gaba da gudana daga manyan malamai da jama’a da a dawo da martabar Baƙi’a yadda ya dace da girmanta a tarihi da addini.
Asalin sunanta da wurin da take
Kalmar “Baƙi'” tana nufin fili mai shuka da ke cike da bishiyoyi, yayin da “al-Gharƙad” kuma wata bishiya ce mai ƙaya da ake samu a yankin larabawa. Sunan ya samo asali ne daga waɗannan bishiyoyi da suka kasance a wajen kafin a fara amfani da filin a matsayin maƙabarta. A saboda haka, ana kiranta da Baƙi’ul Gharƙad. Wurin kuma yana kudu maso gabas da Masallacin Annabi Sallallahu alaihi Wasallama, a yanzu haka yana kan titi mai suna Al-Baqi Street.
Tarihin kafa maƙabartar Baƙi’a
An kafa Baƙi’a ne a farkon shekarun hijirar Annabi Muhammad Sallallahu alaihi Wasallama daga Makka zuwa Madinah. Mutum na farko da aka fara binnewa a cikinta shi ne As’ad bin Zurara, wanda Sahabi ne daga cikin Ansar. Manzon Allah (SAW) ya zaɓi wannan fili ya zama wurin binne mamatan Musulmi. Hadisin da ya nuna hakan shi ne: “Na umurta da a binne matattu cikin Baƙi’a.” (Musnad Ahmad, Hadisi na 13762)
Sannan Manzon Allah (SAW) ya kasance yana yawan ziyartar maƙabartar Baƙi’a, tare da yin addu’a ga mamatan da ke cikinta. Bayan wafatinsa, Baƙi’a ta cigaba da zama babbar maƙabartar Musulmai a Madinah, inda mashahuran sahabbai, mata da zuriyar Annabi Sallallahu alaihi Wasallama suka ci moriyar samun ƙabari a wannan wuri mai tsarki.
Muhimmancin maƙabartar Baƙi’a a tarihin Musulunci
Baƙi’a tana ɗauke da girma na musamman a cikin zukatan Musulmai saboda kasancewar ta ƙabari ga shahararrun mutane da Manzon Allah Sallallahu alaihi Wasallama da kansa ya yaba da su. Manzon Allah Sallallahu alaihi Wasallama yana kai ziyara zuwa Baƙi’a yana yi wa mamatan cikinta addu’a, yana cewa: “Assalamu alaikum ahla ad-diyaari min al-mu’mineen wal-muslimeen…” (Sahih Muslim)
Ziyartar Baƙi’a ba wai kawai ladabi bane, har ila yau yana daga cikin ibada mai ƙarfafa dangantaka da mutuwa da tunanin lahira. Musulmai daga ko’ina a duniya na zuwa ziyara cikin nutsuwa da girmamawa. Baƙi’a na ɗauke da ƙaburbura na wasu daga cikin mutane mafi daraja a addinin Musulunci, ciki har da:
1. ’Ya’yan Manzon Allah (Ahlul Bayt)
- Sayyida Fatima Zahra RA: (akwai saɓani tsakanin malamai kan inda aka binne ta, amma wasu na cewa an binne ta a Baƙi’a)
- Umm Kulthum da Ruqayyah
- Imam Hasan al-Mujtaba (RA) – jikan Annabi
- Ibrahim ibn Muhammad (RA) – ɗan Manzon Allah.
- Imam Zaynul Abidin (RA)
- Imam Muhammad al-Baqir (RA)
- Imam Ja’far al-Sadiq (RA)
2. Matan Manzon Allah (Ummahatul Mu’minin)
- A’isha bint Abi Bakr (RA)
- Hafsa bint Umar (RA)
- Umm Salama (RA)
- Zaynab bint Jahsh (RA)
- Safiyyah, Umm Habiba, da wasu daga cikin matansa.
3. Sahabbai Masu Girma
- Uthman ibn Affan (RA) – Halifa na uku
- Abbas ibn Abdulmuttalib (RA) – Kakan Annabi
- Uthman bin Maz’un (RA).
Ba waɗannan zaɓaɓɓun mutanen kaɗai ba ma, akwai ƙaburbura da dama daga cikin sahabban Badr, da Ansar, da sauran sahabbai da suka taimaka wajen yaɗa Musulunci a cikin Baƙi’a.
4. Tabi’ai da malamai masu girma
Imam Malik bin Anas (RA): Shahararren malamin Madinah kuma babban marubucin Muwatta Malik.
Nafi’ mawla Ibn Umar (RA): Malamin da ya isar da ilimin fiƙihu daga Abdullahi bin Umar.
5. Mashahurai daga Zamaninmu (Qarni na 20 da 21)
Duk da kasancewar Baƙi’a ta fi shahara da binnewar mutane daga zamanin sahabbai da Tabi’un, har yanzu tana karɓar gawarwakin musulmai da suka rasu a Madinah, musamman idan mutum yana da girma a ilimi ko addini, ko kuma ya rasu cikin yanayi mai albarka kamar a lokacin Hajj ko Umrah. Wasu daga cikin su:
- Sheikh Muhammad Al-Ghazali (1917–1996): Fitaccen malami daga Masar, marubuci kuma masanin tafsiri da siyasa.
- Shaykh Ali Tantawi (1909–1999): Ɗaya daga cikin fitattun malamai a ƙasar Syria, an binne shi a Baƙi’a bayan rasuwarsa a Madinah.
- Wasu mahajjata daga ƙasashen Musulmi, Musamman waɗanda suka rasu a Madinah yayin Umrah ko Hajj, ana binne su a Baƙi’a idan aka samu izini.
Jami’an Gwamnati da Manyan ‘Yan Siyasa daga Gulf: A wasu lokuta, wasu fitattun mutane daga Qatar, Kuwait ko UAE suna samun damar binnewa a Baƙi’a bayan rasuwarsu a Madinah. Haka shahararren mai arzikin nan da ke arewacin Najeriya, wato Alhaji Aminu Ɗantata, ya samu tagomashin binne gawarsa a Janntul Baƙi’a.
Sharuɗa da tsarin binne mamata a Baƙi’a yanzu
A yau, Ma’aikatar Hajj da Waƙafi ta Saudiya ke kula da Baƙi’a. Ba kamar da ba, yanzu akwai tsauraran sharuɗɗa kafin a iya binne kowa a cikinta, sharuɗɗan sun haɗa da:
- Dole rasuwar ta faru ne a cikin Madinah, musamman kusa da Masallacin Annabi.
- Dole a samu sahalewar hukumomi.
- Ba a bayyana sunayen mutane da ake binnewa yanzu a Baƙi’a cikin fili sosai, saboda manufar gwamnati na kare mutuncin maƙabarta da gujewa ɗaukar ta matsayin ziyara wadda zata haifar da bidi’a.
- Baƙi’a na da cikakken tsaro kuma binnewa a cikinta yana da tsauraran sharuɗɗa a zamanin nan, sai wanda ya samu ikon Allah da yarda ta gwamnati.
Rushewar ƙaburburan Baƙi’a (1925)
A shekarar 1925 (1344 Hijra), bayan mamayar daular Saudiyya a yankin Hijaz, ƙarƙashin jagorancin Ibnu Sa’ud, an rusa yawancin ginin ƙaburbura a Baƙi’a da kuma ƙaburbura na wasu sahabbai a cikin Makka da Madina. Wannan mataki ya jawo cece-kuce daga al’ummar Musulmi, musamman ma daga Ahlus Sunnah da Shi’a, waɗanda ke ganin cewa rushe irin waɗannan wurare masu tarihi ya zubar da darajar tarihi da addini. Daga cikin abubuwan da aka rusa akwai:
- Dome da ke kan kabarin Fatima (RA)
- Gine-ginen ƙaburburan Ahlul Bayt da Sahabbai
- Alamomin tarihi da na ziyara
Dalilin kuma da aka bayar sune don a hana ayyukan bidi’a da aka riƙa yi kusa da ƙaburbura, kamar su roƙon matattu da yin ɗawaf. Sai dai malamai da dama na ganin rushe ƙaburburan nan a matsayin asarar tarihi da keta darajar Ahlul Bayt da Sahabbai.
Sheikh Mahmud Shaltut (CIB of Al-Azhar) ya bayyana cewa “Rushewar Baƙi’a alama ce ta rasa tarihi da tausayi a cikin zuciyar Musulmi.”
Martabar Baƙi’a a zuciyar Musulmi
Maƙabartar Baƙi’a ta kasance mafari da ƙarshe ga sahabbai, ’yan gidan Annabi (SAW) da sauran mutanen kirki. Ita ce wuri da Musulmi ke jin ƙauna mai tsanani ga waɗanda suka sadaukar da rayukansu domin addini. Wasu malaman suna cewa ziyarar Baƙi’a tana da lada ta musamman ga matafiya da mahajjata. Ibnu Taymiyya (RH) ya ce “Ziyarar Baƙi’a ba wajiba ba ce, amma tana cikin mustahabbai masu lada.”
Ƙalubale da kiran gina maƙabartar Baƙi’a a yau
A yau, Maƙabartar Baƙi’a tana da iyaka mai tsanani a shiga, musamman ga mata. Gaba ɗaya wurin ya kasance da tsafta, tsari da kwanciyar hankali, kuma ana kiyaye shi da tsananin tsaro saboda matsayinsa a addini da al’adu. Sannan Babu sauran alamar ƙaburbura da ke nuna wane ne a ina, saboda doka ta hana ɗaga ƙaburbura fiye da ƙasa. Wannan ya sa da dama daga cikin Musulmi ke kira da a mayar da martabarta da gine-gine na tarihi, kamar yadda aka yi a zamanin baya. Kungiyoyin Shi’a da wasu Ahlus-Sunnah sun gudanar da “Ranar Baƙi’a” a kowace 8 ga Yuni, don tunawa da rushewar Baƙi’a da kuma neman dawo da girmanta.
Litattafan da za a duba domin samun cikakken bayani a kan maƙabartar Baƙi’a
- Sahih Muslim – Hadisi na 974
- Musnad Ahmad – Hadisi na 13762
- Sunan Ibn Majah – Hadisi na 1569
- Al-Bidaya wa al-Nihaya – Ibn Kathir
- Tarikh al-Tabari – Imam Tabari
- Fatawa Ibn Taymiyya – Majmu’ al-Fatawa
- Maqalat fi al-Tarikh wa al-Hadara al-Islamiyya – Dr. Ali al-Salabi
- Al-Azhar Journal Archives – Bayanai kan Sheikh Shaltut
- Al-Mawsu’ah al-Fiqhiyyah al-Kuwaitiyyah – Maudu’in Ziyaratul Qubur
Manazarta
Imtiaz. (2024, April 10). Jannatul Baqi | Baqi Al-Gharqad Cemetery in Madinah. Hajj and Umrah Planner.
Jannat ul-Baqi’ (al-Baqi’ Gharqad) – Madain Project (en). (n.d.).
Landmarks, I. (2024, November 22). Jannatul Baqi. IslamicLandmarks.com.
*** Tarihin Wallafa Maƙalar ***
An wallafa maƙalar 19 July, 2025
An kuma sabunta ta 25 July, 2025
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