“Black Holes” da Hausa za a iya fassarawa da “Baƙin rami” ko kuma “Mutuwaren taurari kamar yadda masana kimiyya suka fassara. Wani yanki ne a sararin samaniya inda ƙwaƙƙwaran gravitational watau maganadison janyowa ko fincika ke da ƙarfi wanda babu abin da zai iya tserewa, kuma waje ne mai haske. Yana samuwa ne a lokacin da wani katon tauraro ya faɗo a kansa sannan kuma karfinsa ya fi karfin har ya karkata ga tsarin sararin samaniya da ke kewaye da shi.
A cikin shekara ta 1958, David Finkelstein ya bayyana “black hole” a matsayin yanki na sararin samaniya wanda babu abin da zai iya tserewa.
Tarihin gano Baƙin Rami
A shekarar 1939 wani babban masanin Kimiyyar wato Albert Einstein ya rubuta cewa babu yadda maganadisun janyowa (gravity) zai iya janyo taurari saboda akwai iya matakin da wasu abubuwan ba za su kai ba.
Yana nufin cewa babu ta yadda tauraro mai tsananin nauyi zai iya faduwa saboda ya fi karfin maganaɗison janyowa (gravity) ya iya sarrafa shi. Kuma masana kimiyya sun yarda da binciken Einstein ɗin. Ya fadi cewa, akwai wani guri da a yanzu ake kira ‘black hole’ da yake zuƙo irin waɗannan taurari cikinsa. Tauraron da yake faɗawa wannan wuri shi aka fara kira da ‘frozen star’ (wato daskararren tauraro).
A ranar 10 ga watan Afrilun shekara ta 2019 aka bayyana hoto na farko a tarihin duniya da yake dauke da black hole. Kafafen watsa labarai sun bayyana wannan hoto a matsayin wani babban ci gaba da aka samu da zai taimaka don amsa wasu tambayoyin kimiyya kuma su hade dokokin dabi’a (natural laws) da aka kasa hadewa tsawon tarihi, tsakanin tsarin babban masanin kimiyyar fiziks na zamanin da (classical physics) wato Issac Newton (Newtonian Mechanics).
A shekarar 1971, aka gano baƙin rami na farko, a ƙarƙashin jagorancin kungiyar masu binciken kimiyya wato Cygnus X-1.
Har ila yau, a cikin shekarar 2016 ne tawagar masu binciken kimiyya ta LIGO da haɗin gwiwar takwararsu ta Virgo, sun ba da sanarwar gano guguwar farko ta kai tsaye, wadda ke bayyana farkon haɗewar baƙaƙen ramuka.
Abubuwan al’ajabi a baƙin rami
Bakin rami (black hole) yana da abubuwan al’ajabi masu dimbin yawa da yasa har littafi aka yi a kansa. Stephen Hawking ya karar da rayuwarsa wajen karantar da binciken kimiyyarsa a kan black hole. Ya rubuta littafi mai suna, Black Holes and Baby Universes.
Gabanin Stephen ya yi nasa bayanin akwai wani masanin kimiyyar wato, Richard Feynman ya yi bayani sosai a kan wannan abin al’ajabi da dokokinsa suka saɓa wa sauran dokokin dabi’a. Wani lokacin dokokin dabi’a sukan saɓa wa tunani, musamman idan da za a kalli irin wadanda suke faruwa a wannan wuri wato black hole ko kuma kimiyyar ƙananun abubuwan da suke cikin ƙwayar zarra (Quantum Physics).
Ƙarin abubuwan al’ajabi a Baƙin Rami
1. Event Horizon: Wata gaɓa ce ko yanki a kusa da baƙin rami wanda duk abin da ya gifta ta wurin to ba zai dawowa ba. Sawa’un abu mai tauri ko kuma tiririn radiation, da zarar ya kai wajen shike nan baƙin ramin zai haɗiye shi.
2. Singularity: Shi ne tsakiyar baƙin rami, nan ne inda ya fi kauri wato ya fi girma da kuma nauyi, hasali ma dai wurin ba shi da iyaka.
3. Gravitational Pull: Baƙin rami yana da tsananin ƙarfin maganadison janyowa.
Nau’ikan baƙin rami
1. Stellar Black Holes: Wannan baƙin rami ya samo asali ne daga rugujewar tauraro guda ɗaya.
2. Supermassive Black Holes: Shi kuwa wannan ana samunsa a sansanin taurari, masu yawan gaske kamar miliyoyi ko ma biliyoyin fiye da girman rana.
3. Intermediate-Mass Black Holes: Baƙin rami ne da ya faɗo a tsakanin Stella Black Holes da kuma Supermassive Black Holes.
Yadda Baƙin rami yake a sararin samaniya
1. Karkacewa: Baƙin rami na iya jirkitarwa tare da karkatar da haske a kusa da shi saboda karfin maganaɗison janyowa da yake da shi.
2. Lokaci: Yanayin sauri ko tafiyar lokaci tana raguwa a yankin baƙin rami saboda ƙarfin gravitation.
3. Lanƙwasawa: Tsananin ƙarfi da nauyin baƙin rami sakamakon gravitation na iya miƙar da abu lanƙwasasshe ko kuma tauye abubuwan da suka kusance shi.
Alaƙar Baƙin Rami da yanayin Duniya
Baƙi rami ba sh da alaƙa ta kai tsaye da yanayin duniyarmu. Baƙin rami wani sashe ne a sararin samaniya inda maganaɗison janyowa ke da ƙarfi wanda babu abin da zai iya tserewa. A hannu guda kuma, yanayin duniya ya ƙunshi sauye-sauye da ake samu na lokaci.
Duk da haka, akwai wasu hanyoyin wanda baƙin rami kan iya yin tasiri ga yanayin duniya:
1. Cosmic Rays: Wani haske ne kan iya fita daga Baƙin rami ya kuma shiga sararin samaniya. Ɓangarorin makamashi ne masu ƙarfi waɗanda za su iya shafar samuwar gajimare a hankali kuma suna yin tasiri ga yanayin duniya.
2. Space Weather: Baƙin rami na iya yin tasiri ga muhallin sararin samaniya da ke kewayenta, wanda hakan kuma zai iya shafar sashen maganadison duniya da kuma yanayin sama. Wannan na iya yin tasiri ga tsarin sadarwar tauraron ɗan’adam da kewayawa.
Manazarta
NASA Science. (n.d.). Black Holes
Tillman, N. T., & Dobrijevic, D. (2023, May 19). Black holes: Everything you need to know. Space.com.
Wei-Haas, M. (n.d.). Black Holes, explained.. Science.