Copper

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Copper sinadarin jan karfe ne mai canjawa daga wani yanayi zuwa wani wanda yake da laushi, marar nauyi sosai. A asalin siffarsa yana da sinadarin ƙarfe mai sheƙi da kuma launin lemo. Wannan sinadari ya wanzu a duniya a matsayin ƙarfe tun tali-tali. Yana da abubuwa masu kama da azurfa da zinare amma siffarsa ta asali ta fi yawa, yana da amfani sosai ga wajen yin igiyoyin wayar lantarki da sarrafa kayan ado masu daraja na zinariya da azurfa.

 

Copper a kan periodic table

Ana samun Copper a rukuni na 11 a kan periodic table. Sauran rukuni na 11 sun haɗa da azurfa da zinare. Copper, Azurfa, da Zinare duk suna da mafi yawan makamashin lantarki da yanayin zafi na duk abubuwa a yanayin zafin daki. Mutane sun yi amfani da Copper fiye da shekaru 11,000. Sai dai kuma, sunan da ake amfani da shi a yau, Romawa ne suka samo shi, waɗanda suka kira shi cuprum a cikin harshen Latin.

• Yanayin zafin narkewa: 1084.62°C.
• Yanayin zafin tafasa: 1377°C.

Nau’ikan sinadaran da copper ta ƙunsa

Copper na kunshe da sinadarai da yawa kamar yadda Kchem. (2020) ya zayyana a shafin Chemistry Dictionary. Sinadarin valence electrons 1 a cikin harsashi 4s. Akwai rukuni biyu na oxidation waɗanda ke samar da nau’ikan sinadaran copper na (I) da na (II). Copper (III) da (IV) na iya samuwa amma suna da wuya sosai. Sinadarin copper na da ƙwari a cikin ruwa kuma yana sauyawa a hankali tare da iskar oxygen. Yawanci yana samar da sunadarai guda biyu, waɗanda suka ƙunshi abubuwa biyu kawai. Waɗannan sun haɗa da oxides, sulfides, da halides. Copper na samar da ire-iren sinadarai, kamar nitrate da carbonate. Sinadarin copper na samar da launuka iri-iri, kamar ja, shuɗi, kore, da sauran su. Hakazalika yana samar da sinadarin electronegativity mai kama da na sinadarin nickel, azurfa, siliki, cobalt, da baƙin ƙarfe.

Sinadarin Isotopes a cikin copper

Sinadarin copper ya ƙunshi sinadarin isotopes na halittu guda biyu. Copper-63 yana da kashi 69%, yayin da copper-65 ke samar da kashi 31% na copper a duniya gabaɗaya. Akwai isotopes mai ɗauke da sauran sinadarai guda 27, waɗanda aka samar a cikin ɗakunan gwaje-gwaje daga daƙiƙoƙi zuwa sa’o’i. Ana iya amfani da isotopes na sinadarin copper a cikin magani don magance ciwon daji da kuma ɗaukar hoton gaɓoɓin cikin jiki.

Sinadarin Alloys a cikin copper

Ɗaya daga cikin muhimman fa’idojin copper shi ne ƙirƙirar sinadarin alloys. Lokacin da aka haɗa shi da zinc, yana samar da abin da aka fi sani da tagulla. Copper na ba da sinadarin ƙarfe marar ƙarfi, wanda kan sauƙaƙa wajen samar da abubuwa masu siffofi daban-daban. Shi ya sa sinadarin brass ya fi karɓuwa wajen yin kayan kiɗa kamar trumpets, trombones da French horns.

Sinadarin copper shi ne babban ɓangaren samar da tagulla (bronze). A cikin tarihin ɗan’adam, cakuda sinadarin copper da sinadarin tin ko aluminum alama ce da ke nuna samuwar bronze, wanda ya fara kusan shekaru 4000 BC da suka gabata. Tagulla tana da ƙarfi fiye da sinadarin copper, don haka ake amfani da ita wajen ƙera makamai da kayan gini, kamar gatari da kusoshi. Ana kuma amfani da shi wajen sassaka mutum-mutumi, madubi, tsabar kuɗi, da lambobin yabo.

Sinadarin zinari da na azurfa na asali su ma, ana amfani da copper don yin algus ga abubuwa masu tsada da ake sarrafawa da zinare da azurfa, sannan kuma suna ba da launuka daban-daban, misali, farin zinare haɗe-haɗe ne galibi na azurfa da zinare. Ana kuma iya ƙara sinadarin zinare don samar da da launin rawaya (yellow). Ko kuma a yi amfani da copper. Sinadarin copper da zinare tare da ƙaramin adadi na azurfa suna samar da furen zinare.

Samuwa da yawaitar sinadarin copper

Sinadarin copper na cikin mafi yawan abubuwa 25 a duniya, wanda ya zama kashi 0.0068% na doron ƙasa. Haka nan yana daga cikin abubuwa 30 mafi yawa a cikin sararin iska, ya yi kusan sama da 6 × 10-6 %. Sinadarin copper na iya kasancewa a matsayin abin haƙa daga ƙasa, amma kuma yana cikin minerals iri-iri kamar azurite, malachite, da turquoise. Haka nan ana iya samun shi a matsayin ɓangaren carbonate da phosphate. Copper (II) yana samar da launin shuɗi da koren launi a cikin waɗannan minerals. Chile ce ta fi kowace ƙasa samar da copper a duniya, sai Peru, China, da Amurka.

Amfanin sinadarin copper

Sinadarin copper na da alfanu ta fuskoki da dama kamar yadda ya zo a shafin ADA Health:

Amfanin gama-gari

• Mafi yawan amfanin copper shi ne sarrafa igiyoyin jigilar wutar lantarki. Copper shi ne karfe na biyu mafi kyau wajen gudanar da jigilar wutar lantarki, bayan azurfa.
• Copper na da kusan sau 1000 fiye da azurfa, don haka yana da sauƙi da rangwame wajen samarwa da kuma mallaka a saukake.
• Copper na sarrafawa tare da daidaita zafi, don haka ana iya amfani da shi don saita ko rage zafi daga na’urorin lantarki don kiyaye zafi mai illa da gobara.
• Ana amfani da na’urar alternator wacce aka sarrafa daga copper a cikin motoci domin cajin batura da kayan wutar lantarki.
• Ana amfani da makamashi daga injinan ababen hawa don jujjuya maganadisu a kusa da wayoyin copper da aka naɗe.

Amfani ta fuskar kimiyya

• Sinadaran copper na iya kashe ƙwayoyin cuta iri-iri. Don haka, asibitoci da wuraren taruwar jama’a suna rufe wuraren da ake yawan taɓawa kamar ƙofa da copper don taƙaita yaɗuwar cuta.
• Cutar Wilson cuta ce ta ƙwayoyin halitta da kan janyo sauyawar wani enzyme wanda ke daidaita adadin copper a cikin jiki. Marasa lafiya da ke da wannan cuta suna da sinadarin copper fiye da ƙima, wanda hakan ke haifar da lalacewar hanta da kwakwalwa.
• Sinadarai da ake kira da chelants suna ɗaure sinadarin ion haka nan, don haka ana amfani da su don rage sinadarin copper a jikin masu ɗauke da cutar Wilson.

Gano sinadarin copper

Mutane sun yi amfani da sinadarin copper tun sama da shekaru 11,000, don haka ba a san wanda ya gano sinadarin ba. Lokacin da aka gano shi kuma aka yi amfani da shi a tarihi ana kiran shi zamanin copper ko chalcolithic Era. A wannan lokacin, an yi amfani da copper don yin kayan aiki, makamai, da kayan ado. Zamanin copper ya biyo bayan shekarun Bronze (3300-1200 BC). Wannan wani lokaci ne da aka ƙirƙiri copper, wanda ke inganta ƙarfin kayan aiki da makaman da aka yi a baya da tagulla zalla.

Abinci masu wadatar sinadarin copper

Hanya ɗaya mai sauƙi don tabbatar da samun isasshen sinadarin copper ita ce cin abincin da ke ɗauke da shi. Ana iya samun copper a cikin kifi da naman dabbobi kamar hanta.

Haka nan za a iya samun adadin sinadarin mai kyau ta hanyar cin kayan lambu, hatsi, da tsaba, kamar:

• dankali
• wake
• wake
• kore kayan lambu
• dukan hatsi
• sunflower
• riɗi
• man gyada da cakuleti suma suna dauke da sinadarin copper.

Adadin copper da jiki ke buƙata

Yawancin mutane ya kamata su sami duk sinadarin copper da suke buƙata daga cin abinci iri-iri kuma daidaitacce. Adadin sinadarin copper da ake buƙata a rana ya dogara da yawan shekaru ko kuma mata masu juna biyu ko masu shayarwa:

Karancin sinadarin copper

Babban abin da ke haifar da karancin sinadarin copper shi ne rage amfani da sinadarin a cikin abinci. Karancin sinadarin copper yana haifar da canje-canje a cikin cholesterol na jini. Raguwar sinadarin na iya faruwa saboda:

• tiyatar bariatric
• cututtukan hanji mai kumburi (ulcerative colitis, cutar Crohn)
• cutar celiac
• manyan abubuwan da ake amfani da su na zinc

Alamomin ƙarancin sinadarin copper a jiki sun haɗa da:

• gajiya
• rashin numfashi
• dizziness
• rashin jin dadi
• raunin tsoka.

Alamomin yawaitar sinadarin copper

Duk da kasancewar sinadiran copper na da amfani ga lafiyar jiki, a hannu guda kuma idan sinadarin ya yawaita a jiki yana da matsala. Misali, yawaita yin allurai na ƙarin sinadarin copper na iya haifar da:

• ciwon ciki
• gajiya
• tashin zuciya
• amai
• gudawa
• lalacewar hanta
• lalacewar koda

Amfani da sinadarin har zuwa 10mg (wato, micrograms 10,000) a rana ba zai iya haifar da lahani ba.

Mutanen da ke da cutar Wilson suna cikin haɗarin yawaitar sinadarin. Cutar Wilson cuta ce da ba kasafai ake samun ta ba wadda ke sa sinadarin copper ya taru a cikin ƙwayoyin halittar tissues da wasu gabobin jiki, musamman hanta da kwakwalwa.

Gwajin sinadarin copper

Gwaji yana auna adadin yawan sinadarin copper a cikin jini ko fitsari. Gwajin na iya taimakawa wajen gano ƙarancin sinadarin ko kuma yawansa. Gwajin sinadarai da ake yi da ɗan’yatsa yana duba matakan copper a cikin jini.

Sinadarin copper da ciwon daji

Matsayin sinadarin copper ga ciwon daji yana da rikitarwa, abu ne da har yanzu ana nazarinsa.

Bisa ga binciken da aka yi a shekara ta 2015, yawan sinadarin copper a cikin jini yana da alaƙa da nau’o’in ciwon daji, ciki har da ciwon nono da hunhu.

Binciken ya kuma lura cewa sinadarin copper na iya taka rawa wajen samuwar ciwace-ciwace, kuma wasu nau’in ƙwayoyin cutar kansa suna kara karfin sinadarin.

A sakamakon haka, yawancin nazari a yanzu suna mayar da hankali kan maganin chelation na sinadarin. Copper chelators suna ɗaure ions na cikin copper don rage ayyukansu, cire su daga ƙwayar halittar cell, ko jigilar su tsakanin cells.

Bincike daga 2018, ya ba da shawarar cewa chelation na copper na iya zama mai tasiri idan aka haɗe shi da sauran nau’ikan ciwon daji.

Haka nan ana iya amfani da sinadarin copper don kashe ƙwayoyin kansa kai tsaye. Wani bincike na 2019 ya nuna cewa amfani da ƙananan sinadaran copper na jinkirta haɓakar ciwace-ciwacen ƙwayar cuta a jikin ɓeraye.

Wani bincike daga 2014, ya gano cewa sinadaran copper sun haifar da mutuwar kwayoyin cutar kansar hanji a cikin bututun gwaji.

Manazarta

Office of Dietary Supplements – Copper. (n.d.). National Health Institute, America.

Copper: benefits, levels, and sources | ADA Health. (n.d.). Ada. 

Kchem. (2020, April 17). Copper: Uses, properties and interesting facts. Chemistry Dictionary.