Cutar Noma

Cutar Noma wadda ake kira da gangrenous stomatitis ko kuma cancrum oris a Turance, cuta ce mai matuƙar haɗarin da ka iya kisa cikin ƙanƙanin lokaci wadda ke kama baki da kuma fuska gabaɗaya. Sau da dama cutar noma kan fara daga cutar dasashi ne sannan daga baya ta kama ƙashin haɓa, kumatu da kuma fatar fuska. Waɗanda suka rayu da wannan cuta kan wanzu ne da mummunar canjin halitta ta fuska tare da shan wahalar fitar numfashi. A shekara ta 2023, an saka cutar noma a cikin jerangiyar cututtukan da aka yi kunnen uwar shegu da su.

Asalin cutar Noma

Kalmar “Noma” an samo ta ne daga tsohuwar kalmar yaren Girka νομή, wacce ake amfani da ita wajen bayyana rurin wuta ko kuma olsa.

Noma (cancrum oris) cuta ce mai tsanani ta baki da fuska, wadda ta fi shafar yara masu shekaru 2 zuwa 6 a yankin Saharar Afirka. Kaso 15% na yaran da ke kamuwa da cutar ne ke iya tsira su ci gaba da ɗawainiyar magance cutar. Duk da ɗimbin giɓin ilimi, an ba da rahoton cewa tana da alaƙa da rashin abinci mai gina jiki, rashin tsaftar baki, hana riga-kafi, da rayuwa cikin matsanancin talauci.

Hukumar kula da lafiya ta duniya wato World Health Organization (WHO), ta ƙiyasta cewa aƙalla mutane 770,000 ne ke rayuwa da wannan cuta a duniya. Yawaitar yaɗuwar cutar kuma ya kai adadin mutum 140,000 a kowace shekara, tare da yiwuwar mutuwa da ya kai kaso casa’in cikin ɗari.

Alamomin cutar noma

Zogi mai tsananin zafi, kumburi da jan dasashi, kumatu da laɓɓa na daga cikin abubuwan da kan addabi mai ɗauke da cutar. Hakazalika akwai samuwar olsar baki da zagwanyewar tsoka, fitar da ɗoyi da kuma wuyar fitar numfashi da wahalar haɗiyar abinci da yin magana. Takurewar fata da zogin ƙashi duk na daga cikin alamomin cutar ta Noma.

Kamuwia da cutar

Kwararru kan lafiya sun bayyana rashin samun abinci mai gina jiki da kuma rashin tsafta a matsayin manyan abubuwan dake haddasa kamuwa da wannan cuta ta Noma, bisa la’akari da cewar cutar na mamayar jikin ɗan’adam ne a daidai lokacin da karfin garkuwar jikinsa ya yi ƙasa sosai.

Matakan cutar

1. Acute necrotizing gingivitis
2. Edema
3. Gangrene
4. Scarring
5. Sequelae

Illolin cutar Noma

Cutar Noma ta fi kama yara a tsakanin ƙasashe masu tasowa, musamman a yankunan Sahara. Babbar illar cutar shi ne kisan da take yi wa masu fama da ita matuƙar ba su samu kulawar da ta dace ba.

Najeriya ta ware ranakun 18 ga watan Nuwambar kowace shekara a matsayin ranar fadakar da jama’a kan cutar Noma da ke lalata fuska, inda ake gudanar da tarurrukan wayar da kan jama’a dangane da illar cutar da kuma yadda ake maganin ta.

Ƙalubale

Waɗanda suka tsira daga cutar Noma na fuskantar kyara, tsana tare da cin mutunci a wurin wasu mutanen sakamakon canjin halitta da suka samu. Sannan ya zama dole su sabunta tsarin gudanar da rayuwarsu ta yadda za ta dace da halin da suka tsinci kansu a ciki.

Kariya da magani

• Tsaftace jiki da muhalli.
• Yin rigakafin cututtuka.
• Samar da ssibitoci da wuraren shan magani.
• Binciken lafiya akai-akai da kula da haƙora.
• Tarukan wayar da kan jama’a dangane da cututtuka da tsaftar muhalli.
• Gudummawa da tallafi domin taimakawa masu fama da cutar.
• Da zarar an ga alamun cutar Noma, to a hanzarta gyaran tsaftar muhalli da cin abinci mai gina jiki da kuma kai ziyara asibiti.

Tallafa wa masu cutar

Kungiyar agaji ta Medicins Sans Frontier MSF, tare da ma’aikatar lafiyar Najeriya, sun haɗa kai wajen shawo kan wannan cuta. Zuwa wannan lokaci kuma ƙungiyar agajin ta MSF, inda ta taimaka wajen yiwa mutane sama da 500 da suka kamu da cutar aiki daga shekarar 2015 zuwa yanzu domin ganin an gyara musu fuskokinsu, a asibitin da ke Sokoto.

Manazarta

Johnson, Sarah (2023-12-15). “Survivors of disfiguring condition hail addition to WHO neglected diseases list”. The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077.

MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia (28 April 2023). “Noma”. National Institutes of Health MedlinePlus.