Duniyar Mercury ita ce duniyar da tafi ko wacce kusanci da rana, sannan kuma ita ce ta biyu a wajen kankanta a cikin jerin duniyoyi tara bayan Pluto. Saboda kusancinta da rana, shekara ɗaya a Mercury kwanaki 88 ne na kwanan duniyar dan’adam ta Earth, amma kuma rana ɗaya a Mercury kwana 59 ne na duniyarmu. Saboda haka yawanci sau ɗaya rana ke faɗuwa a shekarar Mercury. Watau mirginawarta a hankali take yi. Mercury ta ƙunshi ƙarafuna ne ba ƙasa irin tamu ba. Sannan kuma zafin tana kaiwa har digiri 427 a ma’aunin celsius. Da sanyi kuma, tana kai wa digiri -173.
Girmanta da nisanta
Tana da nisan radius (murabba’i) na mil 1,516 (kilomita 2,440), Mercury ta ɗan fi ɗaya bisa uku (1/3) na faɗin duniyar Earth.
Daga matsakaicin nisa na mil miliyan 36 (kilomita miliyan 58), Mercury tana da raka’a 0.4 na sararin samaniya nesa da rana. Ɗayan na’urar ilimin taurari (wanda aka gajarta da AU), ita ce nisa daga rana zuwa duniya. Daga wannan nisa, ana ɗaukar hasken rana mintuna 3.2 don tafiya daga rana zuwa Mercury.
Saboda kusancinta da rana, Mercury kan fuskanci yawan sauye-sauye a yanayin ma’aunin zafi ko sanyi na dare da rana. Da rana, zafin kan yi tsanani zuwa ma’aunin 840 F (450 C), yanayin zafin ya kan kai yadda zai iya narkar da dalma. Kuma da dare yanayin kan sauka zuwa ma’aunin 290 F (kasa da 180 C).
Mercury na da yanayi mai ƙanƙanta na iskar shaka ta oxygen, da sodium, da hydrogen, da helium da kuma ba za su iya tarwatsa ɓaraguzan duwatsun da ke yawo a duniyar sama ba. Hakan ne ya sa sararin duniyar ke mamaye da ramuka kamar na duniyar wata, wanda wata shaida ce da ke nuna cewa duniyar ta Mercury na da tarihin yawan yin taho mu gama da dandazon fasassun taurari.
Ko shakka babu, binciken da masana suka gudanar game da sararin samaniyar duniyar Mercury a shekarar 2016, ya nuna cewa duniyar ka iya ci gaba da samun girgizar ƙasa ko kuma a ce ”girgizar Mecury”. Hakan na nufin cewa duniyarmu ta Earth ko duniyar ƙasa ba ita kadai ce ke fama da irin waɗannan abubuwa ba.
Haka kuma, a baya saman duniyar Mercury ya sha sauya fasali saboda yawan aman wutar dutse. Amma kuma, wani bincike na shekarar 2016 ya nuna cewa akwai yiwuwar yawan aman wutar dutsen a duniyar Mercury ya kawo ƙarshe a cikin kusan shekaru biliyan uku da rabi da suka wuce.
Mercury na iya samun kankarar ruwa a sashe na arewa da kudu a cikin ramuka masu zurfi, wanda suke a yankuna masu inuwa na dindindin. A cikin waɗannan inuwar, tana iya zama sanyi don adana ƙanƙara duk da yanayin zafi a wasu sassan duniya.
Yanayi a duniyar Mercury
Yanayi a duniyar Mercury yana da wani siraren ɓangare na atmosphere wanda ake kira exosphere, wanda ya ƙunshi atom da iskar rana ta fashe daga sama da kuma meteoroids. Exosphere na Mercury ya ƙunshi mafi yawan oxygen, sodium, hydrogen, helium, da potassium.
Magnetosphere
Magnetosphere wani maganadiso ne na duniyar Mercury, an daidaita shi dangane da ma’aunin kasancewa duniya. Kodayake sararin maganadiso na Mercury a sama yana da 1% kawai na ƙarfin duniya, yana aiki ne tare da sararin maganadiso na iskar hasken rana domin wani lokaci yakan haifar da mahaukaciyar guguwa mai ƙarfi wanda ke zuwa da sauri da zafin rana mai tsanani zuwa saman duniyarmu. Lokacin da ƙarafa suka faɗo saman, sai su kashe ƙwayoyin atom ɗin da ba su dace ba.
Wane ne ya gano Mercury?
Kalmar Mercury suna ne na ɗaya ne daga cikin taurari biyar na gargajiya da ake iya gani da ido tsirara kuma ana kiran su da sunan allahn Rumawa. Ba a san ainihin lokacin da aka fara gano duniyar Mercury ba – kodayake an fara ganin ta ta hanyar na’urorin hangen nesa a karni na sha bakwai daga masana falaki Galileo Galilei da Thomas Harriot.
Jiragen sama guda biyu ne kawai, na mutum-mutumi da NASA ta harba, sun ziyarci Mercury kawo yanzu, wanda hakan ya sa ya zama mafi karancin bincike a doron kasa. Mariner 10 ya ƙaddamar a cikin shekara ta 1973 kuma ya kwatanta kusan kashi 45% na sararin duniya daga 1974 har zuwa ƙarshen aikinsa a cikin Maris 1975.
An harba MESSENGER ne a shekara ta 2004 kuma ya shiga sararin samaniyar Mercury a shekarar 2011, wanda ya zama jirgi na farko da ya fara yin hakan. Wannan aiki ya dau tsawon shekaru hudu kafin binciken ya miƙa wuya ga ƙarfin duniya kuma ya yi tasiri a samanta a shekarar 2015. Ya tattara bayanai da hotuna masu ɗimbin yawa tare da mayar da su zuwa duniyarmu domin masana kimiyya su yi nazari.
Rayuwa a duniyar Mercury
Har kawo yanzu dai mutane ba za su iya sauka a cikin duniyar Mercury ba. Duk da haka, masana kimiyya sun aika da jiragen sama don nazarin duniyar. Wasu dalilan da ya sa zai yi wahala mutane su sauka ko su iya rayuwa a cikin duniyar sun haɗa da kusancinta da rana, ƙarancin magnetosphere da matsanancin yanayin zafi.
Karin dalili kan rashin yiyuwar yin rayuwa a duniyar Mercury shi ne, mutane ba za su iya yin numfashi ba. Duniyar tana da ƙarancin iskar oxygen don shaƙa.
Manazarta
BBC News Hausa. (2021, March 9). Abin da ba ku sani ba kan duniyoyi tara da ke sararin samaniya. BBC Hausa News
Ishaq, M. (2017a, September 24). Ilimin Taurari: Shin menene Solar System? Kuma a ina duniyar nan tamu take a falakin sammai? Legit.ng – Nigeria News.
NASA Science. (n.d.). Mercury: Facts NASA Science
Natural History Museum. (2018, March 15).Planet Mercury. Natural History Museum.