Google

Google katafaren kamfanin fasaha ne sananne na Amurka, wanda Sergey Brin da Larry Page suka kafa a shekara ta 1998. Tun daga shekara ta 2015, Google ya kasance reshen kamfanin Alphabet Inc. Sama da kashi 70% na harkokin intanet na duniya ana sarrafa su da manhajar Google, wanda hakan ya sanya kamfanin zama abin ƙauna ga yawancin masu amfani da kafar intanet. Yana ɗaya daga cikin fitattun kamfanoni fasaha na duniya. Hedkwatarsa tana a tsaunin Mountain View, da ke jahar California.

Google ya fara ne a matsayin kamfanin samar da manhajar bincike ta yanar gizo, amma yanzu yana samar da aikace-aikace da manhajoji sama da 50 na intanet, kama daga manhajar aika saƙon imel da manhajojin rubutu a yanar gizo zuwa ga manhajojin wayoyin hannu da kwamfutoci. Bugu da kari, sayan kamfanin Motorola Mobility a shekarar 2012, ya sanya kamfanin a matsayin mai sayar da na’urorin wayar hannu da sauran kayayyaki. Yawan kayayyaki da manhajojin da kamfanin ke samarwa ya sa ya zama ɗaya daga cikin manyan kamfanoni huɗu masu tasiri a manyan kasuwannin fasaha, wato Apple, IBM, da Microsoft. Duk da ɗimbin manhajojin da kamfanin ya samar, manhajar nan ta bincike wato Google Search, ita ce jigon nasarar kamfanin. A cikin shekarar 2023, Alphabet ya samu Dala biliyan 175 na kuɗaɗen shiga, kashi 57% na duk kuɗaɗen shigar na Google ne daga tallace-tallace.

Taƙaitaccen tarihin Google

A cikin shekarar 1995, Larry Page da Sergey Brin, dukansu ɗaliban kimiyyar kwamfuta ne a Jami’ar Stanford, sun fara aiki a kan wata na’urar bincike mai suna BackRub. Manhajar kwamfuta ce wadda take ba da damar yin amfani da bayanan da aka ajiye da kuma nazarin bayanan da suka gabata, don bibiya ta kafar intanet. Sunan na’urar binciken, BackRub, an samar da shi ta hanyar algorithms. Algorithm shi ne ke ƙididdige yawan hanyoyin back-links da aka haɗa a cikin shafin yanar gizon.

A wancan lokacin, sakamakon aikin ƙirƙirar BackRub ya dogara da yadda kalmomi akai-akai suke fitowa a shafin yanar gizon, wanda ke ba wa masu gina shafukan yanar gizo (web developers) damar yin amfani da fitattun kalmomi akai-akai don inganta matsayinsu a cikin sakamakon bincike da zai riƙa bayyana. Tsarin tattara bayanai na BackRub, an san shi a tsarin “PageRank” wanda aka yi amfani da shi don inganta matsayin shafukan yanar gizo tare da taimakon ƙidayar adadin shafukan bisa la’akari da mahimmancinsu ga kalmomin. Saboda haka, nagartar shafukan yanar gizo masu inganci ta ƙaru. Wannan fasaha ta zama dalilin ƙirƙirar Google; har ma ta kai ga ƙawata Google kai tsaye.

Larry da Sergey sun zaɓi sunan Google, wanda aka samo daga kalmar “googol.” A cikin littafin Imagination and Mathematics, an haɗa sunan bisa ƙa’ida. Duka waɗanda suka kafa Google sun kalli sunan a matsayin babbar hanya ta tattara bayanai game da komai a intanet kuma sun fara ɗaukar aiki mai wahala.

Ana ci gaba da gudanarwa, Google ya saki wata manhaja mai suna AdWords a cikin shekarar 2002, kuma ta sami shahara. AdWords manhaja ce ta tallata haja ga masu tallace-tallace. Page da Bryn sun tuntubi kamfanin fasaha da dala biliyan 3 wanda ya ba da wata dama ga Yahoo ya shigo cikin tafiyar Google. Google ya sami kuɗin ne a wata harka, yayin da Yahoo ya ƙi shiga harkar. A cikin shekaru 16 da suka gabata, manhajar tallace-tallace ta (AdWords) ta zama babbar hanyar samun riba ga Google.

An riƙa samun cigaban fasaha da sauri; saboda haka ba a ɗauki lokaci ba, Google ya ƙaddamar da ƙarin manhajoji daban-daban. An ƙirƙiro Google AdSense a cikin shekarar 2003, manhajar da ke ba mawallafa damar samun kuɗi ta hanyar gudanar da tallace-tallace da kuma inganta abubuwan da suke sakawa a Google AdWords. Bayan haka, a ranar 1 ga Afrilun 2004, aka ƙaddamar da Gmail, wato manhajar imel ta kamfanin Google.

Muhimmancin Google

• Google ya zama wani muhimmin ɓangare na rayuwarmu ta yau da kullun, yana ba mu damar samun bayanai cikin sauri da sauƙi, yana haɗa mu da abokan hulda, yana taimaka mana wajen tsara rayuwarmu.
• Idan muna neman amsoshin tambayoyi ko neman wata manhaja ko sabis, ko binciken wani waje, Google yana taimakawa.
• Ɗaya daga cikin muhimman hanyoyin da Google ya yi tasiri a rayuwarmu ta yau da kullum shi ne ta hanyar bincikensa. Shafin bincike yana ba da damar samun bayanan da ake buƙata cikin sauri da sauƙi, kama daga sabbin labarai zuwa amsar tambaya.
• Google kuma ya yi tasiri sosai kan yadda muke sadarwa da haɗuwa da abokan hulda. Dabarun dandalin da ayyukan kamfanin, kamar Gmail, Google Drive, Google Calendar, da Google Maps, sun sauƙaƙa mana hanyar tuntuɓar abokai da dangi.
• Google ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a yadda muke amfani da kafofin watsa labarai. Dandalin YouTube na kamfanin ya zama kafar yanar gizon wallafa bidiyo mafi girma a duniya.
• Bugu da kari, Google ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen tsara yadda muke sayayya. Manhajar sayayyar kamfanin Google tana ba mutane damar bincika kayayyaki da kwatanta farashi daga dillalai daban-daban.
• Sauran manhajojin Google kamar Google Maps da Google Reviews su ma sun sauƙaƙa mana yin kasuwancin, nazarin bayanan kasuwanci, da kuma zaɓin inda za mu yi sayayya ko kuma zama.
• Har ila yau, ayyuka da manhajojin Google sun yi tasiri sosai kan yadda muke samun damar amfani da labarai. Google News manhaja ce ta tara labarai wadda ke amfani da fasahar AI don zaɓar labarai ta atomatik daga dubban kafofin labarai a duniya.
• Bugu da kari, tasirin Google a rayuwarmu ta yau da kullun bai tsaya ga ayyuka da manhajojin da yake samarwa ba. Sabbin fasahohin da kamfanin ya yi da kuma zuba jarin da ya yi wajen gudanar da bincike mai zurfi, sun yi tasiri matuƙa ga masana’antu daban-daban kuma sun kafa harsashi na sabbin fasahohi da dama.
• Gudunmawar da Google ke bayarwa ga fannin Artificial Intelligence (AI) da Machine Learning, sun haifar da ci gaba a fannin kiwon lafiya, sufuri, da hada-hadar kuɗi. Ba za a iya musanta rawar da Google ke takawa wajen tsara duniyar fasaha ba, kuma mai yiwuwa tasirinsa zai ci gaba da bunƙasa nan gaba.

Kuɗaɗen shigar shekara-shekara na kamfanin Google

Dangane da sabon rahoton kuɗi na kamfanin, kuɗaɗen shiga na shekara-shekara na Google a halin yanzu sun kai Dala biliyan 278.13, wanda ya nuna ƙarin 8.33% daga 2021, lokacin da kamfanin ya samu Dala biliyan 256.74. Kudaden shiga na watanni uku na karshen 30 ga Yuni, 2022, ya kasance Dala biliyan 69.69, karuwar kashi 12.61% a duk shekara.

Adadin kudaden shiga na Google ya kunshi kuɗaɗen tallace-tallace ne, wanda ya kai Dala biliyan 209.49 a shekarar 2021. Gabadaya, kuɗaɗen shiga na shekara-shekara na Google yana ƙaruwa a tsawon shekaru: a shekarar 2020, ya kai Dala biliyan 181.69, wanda ya nuna ƙarin kashi 12.77% daga 2109. A shekarar 2019, ya kasance Dala biliyan 160.74, inda aka samu ƙarin kashi 18.3% daga 2018.

Teburin da ke ƙasa yana nuna jimillar karin kuɗaɗen shiga na shekara-shekara na Google tun daga shekarar 2014 zuwa 2022:

Taƙaitaccen bayanin kamfanin

Manazarta

Britannica money. (2024, September 11). Google Inc. Britannica 

Forbes (n.d.). Google | GOOG stock Price, company Overview & news . Forbes. 

Javatpoint. (n.d.) Google | GOOG stock Price, company Overview & news. javatpoint.com.