Ilimin taurari shi ne binciken kimiyya na abubuwan da ke sararin samaniya da sararin duniya gabadaya. Ya wannan fanni ne mai faɗin gaske kuma ƙunshi batutuwa da dama kamar haka:
– Planetary Science: Wannan fage ne na nazarin taurari, watanni, taurari masu wutsiya, da sauran abubuwan da ke cikin duniyar rana da sauran su.
– Stellar astronomy: Ɓangare ne na nazarin taurari da abubuwan da taurarin suka ƙunsa da yanayin rayuwarsu.
– Galactic astronomy: Wannan ma fage na nazarin taurarin galaxies da Milky Way da tsarin yadda suke da yanayin juyin halittarsu da kuma hulɗarsu.
– Cosmology: Shi ne nazarin asali juyin halitta da makomar duniya.
– Computational Astrophysics: Amfani da hanyoyin lissafi da kwaikwaiyo don nazarin abubuwa na sama da abubuwan mamaki.
– Astroparticle physics: Nazarin mahaɗar ilimin taurari da kimiyyar lissafi, gami da nazarin abubuwan duhu da makamashi mai duhu.
– High-Energy Astrophysics: Nazari akan abubuwan da suka shafi kuzari a sararin samaniya, wadanda suka hada da black holes, neutron stars, and cosmic rays.
Masana ilmin taurari suna amfani da hanyoyi da na’urori daban-daban don nazarin sararin samaniya, ciki har da:
– Telescopes: Na’ura ce don lura da tattara bayanai a kan abubuwan sararin samaniya.
– Spacecraft: Ana amfani da Spacecraft don bincikawa da nazarin abubuwa a cikin duniyar rana da kuma abin da ya fi haka ma.
– Simulation: Don yin samfuri da fahimtar hadaddun al’amuran taurari da ke tattare da taurari.
– Laboratory experiments: Don nazarin abubuwan da cikin ma’adanai da kayan aiki da hanyoyin da suka dace da binciken sararin samaniya.
Wasu wuraren da suka fi burgewa na bincike a fannin falaki a halin yanzu sun haɗa da:
– Exoplanet hunting: Neman taurari a wajen duniyar rana wanda zai iya ɗaukar abin da ke rayuwa.
– Gravitational waves astronomy: Nazarin waves a cikin sararin samaniya wanda manyan abubuwan da suka faru a sararin samaniya suka haifar.
– Dark matter and dark energy: Abubuwan ban mamaki ne waɗanda suka yawanci sun ƙunshi rarraba makamashi na duniya.
– Search for life in the universe: Wannan ya haɗa daga nazarin abubuwan da kan iya rayuwa a cikin yanayi na exoplanets, zuwa neman bayanan sirri search for extraterrestrial intelligence (SETI).
Sabbin abubuwan da aka gano a falaƙi
• Space storm: Yanzu haka masana kimiyya na iya hasashen ainihin saurin tashin hankali da zai iya afkawa duniya.
• Black holes: Baƙaƙen ramuka matsakaita guda goma ne masu bincike suka gano a sararin samaniya, kuma sun gano wani sabo ma yanzu haka.
• Exoplanets: Sabuwar duniyar da ake kira TIC 241249530 b tana da mafi girman hanyar zagaye rana fiye da kowace duniyar da aka sani.
• Neutron stars: Masana ilmin taurari sun gano taurarin neutron guda 21 a kewayen taurari kamar rana.
• Dark matters: Har ila yau dai masana sun gano shaidar da ke nuna yiwuwar samun abubuwa masu duhu tare da taimakon ‘timekeepers’ na Duniya (pulsars).
• Exoplanet atmosphere: Masu bincike da ke amfani da na’urar hangen nesa ta NASA, James Webb Space Telescope sun tabbatar da cewa exoplanet tana da bambance-bambance tsakanin safiya da maraice na har abada.
• Galaxy: Wani bincike na ƙasa da ƙasa ya bayyana matsanancin yanayi a kan abubuwan sararin samaniya, waɗanda ke lulluɓe da giza-gizai na yashi mai zafi a cikin yanayin zafi na 950C.
Muhimman ɓangarorin Astronomy
1. Astrophysics
Astrophysics reshe ne na ilmin taurari wanda ke yin bayani game da abubuwan zahiri da halayen abubuwan da ke cikin sararin samaniya, waɗanda suka hada da taurari, baƙin rami, da sararin duniya baki ɗaya. Ilimi ne na fahimtar yanayin abubuwan sama, hulɗarsu, da dokokin zahiri waɗanda ke tafiyar da tsarinsu.
2. Planetary Astronomy
Planetary astronomy ilimin kimiyyar taurari ne wanda ke nazarin taurari, watanni, taurari masu wutsiya, da sauran abubuwan da ke cikin duniyar rana da sauran su. Ya ƙunshi fannoni daban-daban, ciki har da:
1. Planetary formation and evolution
2. Planetary surfaces and geology
3. Planetary atmospheres and climates
4. Planetary rings and magnetic fields
5. Moons and their interactions with parent planets
6. Asteroids, comets, and other small bodies
7. Exoplanets and the search for life beyond Earth
Kimiyyar taurari ta ci gaba da bunƙasa tare da samar da sabbin manufa, fasaha, da bincike, tana faɗaɗa fahimtar tsarin duniyar rana da abubuwan da ke kewaye da ita.
3. Stellar Astronomy
Stellar astronomy fagen ilimin taurari ne kuma reshen Astronomy, da ake nazarin taurari, gami da abubuwan da ke cikinsu, halayensu, da kuma yanayin rayuwa. Fage da ƙunshi abubuwa daban-daban, kamar haka:
1. Samuwar taurari: Fahimtar yadda ake haihuwar taurari daga giza-gizai masu girma daban-daban.
2. Tsarin taurari: Nazarin tsarin cikin taurari da abubuwan da suka haɗu suka samar da tauraro.
3. Juyin halitta: Bibiyar yanayin rayuwar taurari, tun daga babban tsari zuwa jajayen manya da farare wanda ake kira dwarfs da taurarin neutron ko baƙin rami.
4. Taurari masu canzawa: Lura da taurari waɗanda ke canza haske saboda buguwa, kusufi, ko wasu dalilai.
5. Mutuwar taurari: Binciko matakai na ƙarshe na rayuwar taurari, gami da fashewar gamma-ray.
Amfanin ilimi taurari
Ilimin taurari yana da fa’idoji da yawa ga mutane.
• Hanya ce ta sufuri, tana ba da damar yin tafiya daga wannan wuri zuwa wani kuma hanya ce ta binciken zurfin sararin samaniya.
• Ilimin taurari na ba damar fahimtar abubuwan al’ajabi a cikin falaki da sararin samaniya, kamar tauraron ɗana’dam da roka da ƙarfin nauyi, da kuma fa’idoji da yawa.
Manazarta
Ahmed, M. (2023, January 22).Amfanin Ilimin Taurari sadaalomma.com
Cooper, K. (2023, December 24). 13 record-breaking space discoveries of 2023.. Space.com
Friedlander, M. W., & Evans, J. (2024, June 17). Astronomy | Definition, History, Discoveries, & Facts. Encyclopedia Britannica.
Space Omics and Medical Atlas (SOMA) across orbits. (2024, June 11). Nature.