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Pluto

Pluto duniya ce mai kewaye da ƙanƙara, da tsaunuka masu ƙanƙara, ga kuma sinadaran methane da ammonia da ke kewaye da ita. Don haka tana da sanyi, ga kuma duwatsu da wani irin yanayi mai rashin tabbas da ka iya sauyawa babu zato ba tsammani. Masana sun daɗe suna taƙaddama kan Pluto ko duniya ce ko kuma tauraruwa inda daga bisani aka yi mata lakabi da gajeriyar duniya.

International Astronomical Union (IAU), ta bayyana cewa Pluto ta faɗa cikin nau’in gajerun duniyoyi saboda tana cikin wani yanki na falaƙin rana da ake kira da Trans-Neptunian, wato waje ne inda wasu abubuwa za su iya ketare hanyar Pluto.

Kwana ɗaya a duniyar Pluto yana ɗaukar sa’o’i 153.

Kasancewar ta duniya ta tara daga cikin falakin rana,

Pluto ta bambanta da sauran duniyoyin ta ko’ina. Tana da ƙanƙanta fiye da watan duniyar earth; yanayin yadda take zagayawa kamar fasalin ƙwan kaza ne, tana yi tana faɗawa cikin bigiren zagayen duniyar Neptune; kuma zagayen duniyar bai cika kasancewa a kan hanya ɗaya kamar sauran duniyoyin ba. Dalilin haka, takan zagaya a bisa awon kusurwar (angle) 17.1 sama ko ƙasa.

Hukumar kula da binciken sararin samaniya ta kasar Amurka wato NASA ta ce, wani kumbo da ta harba domin naɗo bayanai a duniyar Pluton ya yi nasarar yin hakan ta hanyar aiko da hotuna masu ɗauke da bayanai masu muhimmanci dangane da abin da wannan duniya ta Pluto ta ƙunsa. Ita dai duniyar Pluton ita ce falaki mafi nisa daga wannan duniyar ta earth da kuma ake da ƙarancin fahimtar ta daga cikin jerin duniyoyin da aka sani.

Kumbon mai suna Sonde Spatiale New Horizon, hukumar ta NASA ta harba shi ne tun a farkon shekara ta 2006 kuma ya kusanci duniyar ta Pluton a daidai ƙarfe 11 da mintoci 48 agogon GMT bayan da ya gudanar da tafiya mai nisan sama da kilomita miliyon dubu biyar. Kudi sama da miliyon 700 ne dai hukumar ta NASA ta kashe a cikin wannan aiki.

Pluto tana da faɗin nisan mil 1,400. A wannan ƙarancin girma, Pluto kusan rabin faɗin Amurka ce. Tana da nisan mil biliyan 3.6 daga rana, kuma tana da sauƙaƙan yanayi wanda suka ƙunshi galibin iskar nitrogen, methane, da carbon monoxide. A matsakaicin yanayi, Pluto tana da -387°F (-232°C), hakan yana sa ta yi sanyi sosai.

Asalin sunan duniyar Pluto

Wata yarinya ‘yar shekara 11 ce ta sanya wa Pluto suna. A cikin shekarar 1930, Venetia Burney ta jami’ar Oxford da ke ƙasar Ingila, ta ba wa kakanta shawarar cewa sabon binciken da aka samu ya kasance sunan gunkin Roman na duniya. Ya tura sunan zuwa Lowell Observatory kuma aka amince da shi.

A cikin wata hira da NASA a cikin Janairu 2006, Venetia ta ce ta ba da sunan Pluto a lokacin karin kumallo tare da mahaifiyarta da kakanta. A ranar 14 ga Maris, 1930, kakanta, Falconer Madan, ya sanar da cewa masana kimiyya sun gano duniya ta tara. Sha’awar Venetia da nasarar sanya sunan Pluto a matsayin ‘yar makaranta ya dauki hankalin duniya kuma ya sanya ta zama mai matsayi a cikin tarihin falaƙin duniyar da ake rayuwa. in ji hukumar NASA.

Rayuwa a duniyar Pluto

Sararin duniyar Pluto yana da tsananin sanyin gaske, don haka abu ne mai matukar wahala a iya samun wani abu mai rai da zai rayu a wannan duniya. A saboda irin sanyin da ke cikin wannan duniya ne, ruwa wanda ya kasance muhimmin sinadari ga rayuwa, ƙanƙara yake zama ya yi tsauni. Ciki tsakiyar duniyar Pluto kuwa yana da ɗumi, hakan ne ma ya sa wasu masana suke hasashen cewa ko akwai teku a can cikin duniyar.

Girma da nisan duniyar Pluto

Pluto tana da faɗin diamita kusan mil 1,477 (daidai da kilomita 2,377). Pluto tana da kusan kashi ɗaya bisa biyar (1/5) na faɗin duniya earth. Daga matsakaicin nisa na kusan mil biliyan 3.7 (kilomita biliyan 5.9), Pluto tana da nisan kusan ninki 39 fiye da yadda duniyar earth take da nisa daga rana.

Idan za a tsaya a saman Pluto da tsakar rana, rana za ta zama 1/900 a hasken da take bayarwa a duniyar earth, ko kuma kusan ninki 300 na hasken cikakken wata. Akwai wani lokaci a kowace rana, daidai faɗuwar rana a nan duniya lokacin da hasken ya yi daidai da tsakar rana a kan Pluto ke nan.

Pluto ita ce duniya ta tara kuma ta ƙarshe, sannan mafi nisa daga rana.

Zagayawar duniyar Pluto

Kewayen Pluto a kusa da rana abu ne da ba a saba gani ba idan aka kwatanta da sauran duniyoyi; duka biyun suna da siffar ƙwai ne kuma a rufe. Pluto mai tsawon shekaru 248, na iya ɗaukar har adadin Astronomical Units 49.3 daga rana, da kuma kusa da adadin AU 30. (AU ɗaya shi ne nisan tsakanin duniyar earth da rana; wato kimanin mil miliyan 93 ko kuma kilomita miliyan 150). Amma a tsaka-tsaki, Pluto tana da nisan mil biliyan 3.7 (ko kuma kilomita biliyan 5.9) daga rana, ko kuma 39 AU. Daga 1979 zuwa 1999, Pluto tana kusa da perihelion, wato lokacin da take kusa da rana. A wannan lokacin, Pluto ta kasance kusa da rana fiye da Neptune.

Kwana ɗaya a duniyar Pluto yana ɗaukar sa’o’i 153. Tsarin jujjuyawarta yana karkata zuwa digiri 57 dangane da  tsarin da take kewaya rana, don haka tana jujjuya kusan dukkan gefenta. Pluto kuma takan juyawa da baya maimakon ci gaba da juyawa yadda aka saba; wato daga gabas zuwa yamma kamar tsarin Venus da Uranus.

Watanni a duniyar Pluto

Pluto tana da sanannun watanni biyar: Charon, Nix, Hydra, Kerberos, da Styx. Wannan tsarin wata na iya samuwa ta hanyar karo tsakanin Pluto da wani abin mai girman gaske a farkon tarihin falaƙin rana. Mafi girma daga cikin watannin shi ne Charon. Charon ya kai kusan rabin girman Pluto da kanta, wanda ya sa ya zama tauraro mafi girma dangane da duniyar da take kewayawa a cikin falaƙin rana. Ana kiran Pluto da Charon a matsayin duniya biyu. Yana kewaya Pluto a nisan mil 12,200 (kilomita 19,640). Don kwatantawa, watan duniyarmu ta earth yana da nisa ninki 20 daga duniya.

Tafiya ko kewayawar Charon a kusa da Pluto yana ɗaukar sa’o’i 153, makamancin lokacin da Pluto kan ɗauka don kammala zagayenta. Wannan yana nufin Charon ba ya mikewa ko kuma faduwa, amma yana shawagi a wuri guda a saman Pluto. Ɓangaren Charon koyaushe yana fuskantar Pluto, yanayin da ake kira tidal locking.

Sauran watanni huɗu na Pluto sun fi ƙanƙanta, ƙasa da mil 100 (kilomita 160). Haka nan suna da siffa daban-daban, a cikinsu babu mai siffa kamar Charon. Ba kamar sauran watannin da ke cikin falaƙin rana ba, waɗannan watannin ba sa maƙale sosai da Pluto. Dukansu suna jujjuya kuma ba sa fuskantar ɓangare ɗaya zuwa Pluto.

Sararin duniyar Pluto

Sararin duniyar Pluto tana da tsaunuka, kwaruruka, filaye, da ramuka. Yanayi a Pluto na iya zama sanyi kamar -375 zuwa -400 digiri Fahrenheit (-226 zuwa -240 digiri Celsius).

Tsaunukan Pluto mafi tsayi sun kai ƙafa 6,500 zuwa ƙafa 9,800 (kilomita 2 zuwa 3) tsayi. Duwatsun manyan tubalan ƙanƙara ne na ruwa, wani lokaci tare da rufin daskararriyar iskar gas kamar methane. Dogayen magudanan ruwa da kwaruruka masu tsawon mil 370 (kilomita 600) suna kara abubuwan ban sha’awa na wannan duniyar mai nisa.

Ramuka masu girman mil 162 (kilomita 260) a tsarin diamita a cikin Pluto, tare da wasu daban da ke nuna alamun zaizayewa. Wannan yana nuna cewa akwai yiwuwar sake farfado da sararin ƙasa a Pluto ga wuraren da aka samu zaizayar. Fitattun filayen da aka gani a cikin Pluto sun bayyana cewa an yi su ne da gas na nitrogen da aka daskare kuma ba su nuna ramuka ba.

Yanayin duniyar Pluto

Lokacin da Pluto ke kusa da rana, ƙanƙarar da ke cikinta tana canjawa kai tsaye daga daskararriya zuwa iskar gas kuma ta yaɗuwa don samar da yanayi na ɗan lokaci. Ƙananan abubuwa marasa nauyi a Pluto suna da kimanin kashi 6% na duniya, wanda kan sa yanayin ya fi tsayi fiye da yanayin duniyarmu. Pluto tana yin sanyi sosai a cikin kowane ɓangaren kowace shekara lokacin da ta yi nesa da rana. A wannan lokacin, yawancin iskar da ke cikin duniyar na iya daskarewa kuma ta faɗi kamar dusar ƙanƙara.

Manazarta

Ask an astronomer. (n.d.). Cool Cosmos.

NASA Science. (n.d.-b): Pluto: Facts   NASA

Owen, T. C. (2024, November 10). Pluto | Size, moons, Temperature, & Facts. Encyclopedia Britannica.

Scale of the Universe. (n.d.): How big is Pluto?  Scale of the Universe.

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