An haifi Shagari a ranar 25 ga watan Fabrairun shekarar 1925 a wani kauye mai suna Shagari, kauyen da aka ce kakansa, Ahmadu Rufa’i Shagari ne ya kafa shi a cikin jihar Sakkwato. Shagari ya fara karatunsa a makarantar Al-Qur’ani mai girma kafin daga bisani ya halarci makarantar Elementary ta Yabo. Daga baya ya halarci Makarantar Middle Sokoto da Kwalejin Kaduna da Kwalejin Horar da Malamai, da ke Zariya, jihar Kaduna.
Alhaji Usman Aliyu Shagari shi ne zaɓaɓɓen shugaban ƙasa na farko a jamhuriya ta biyu ta Najeriya (1979 – 1983), bayan karɓar mulki daga gwamnatin mulkin soja ta janar Olusegun Obasanjo. Shagari ya yi aiki a matsayin malamin makaranta na ɗan lokaci kaɗan kafin ya shiga siyasa a shekarar 1951
Shigarsa harkokin siyasa
Shagari ya fara harkar siyasa ne a shekarar 1951, lokacin da ya zama sakataren jam’iyyar NPC ta Arewa a Sakkwato. A shekarar 1954 aka zabe shi a matsayin ɗan majalisar wakilai ta tarayya.
A matsayinsa na wanda ya kafa jam’iyyar NPN a shekarar 1978, Shagari yana neman zama Sanata ne a lokacin da jam’iyyar ta tsayar da shi a matsayin ɗan takarar shugaban ƙasa kuma ya ci zabe. Amma ta fuskar tafiyar da harkokin siyasar Nijeriya, hawansa da faduwar shugabancinsa ya koya wa al’umma darasi kan wajabcin barin tsarin mulkin farar hula ya gyara kansa a maimakon mulkin soja.
A matsayinsa na shugaban kasa tsakanin 1979 zuwa 1983, Shagari ya ba wa kowa hakkinsa. Dangantakarsa da abokan hamayyar siyasa ta kasance abin misali ga tsarin mulkin farar hula. Ya amince da sukar da ake yi wa ‘yan adawa da bangarensu a kafafen yada labarai. Musamman ma, ya baiwa Cif Obafemi Awolowo babbar lambar girma ta ƙasa wato Grand Commander of the Order of Niger (GCON). Cif Obafemi Awolowo, a wancan lokacin shi ne babban abokin hamayyar Shagari a siyasance.
Tabbas, a kodayaushe za a yi ta tunawa da shugabancin Shagari a matsayin shugaban kasa a jamhuriya ta biyu da juyin mulkin soja ya kawo karshensa a watan Disambar 1983. Haka kuma ana tunawa da Shagari a matsayin shugaban ƙasa wanda ya kiyaye doka da kuma mutunta tsarin mulki da ba wa dukkan bangarorin gwamnati dama. Haka nan ba za manta da shi ba a matsayin shugaban kasa wanda ya yi watsi da ƙabilanci da addini wajen yin naɗe-naɗen muƙamai a jamhuriya ta biyu. Misali: a wajen naɗin hafsoshin tsaro a watan Afrilun 1980, Shagari ya naɗa:
- Babban Hafsan Tsaro, Laftanar Janar Alani Akinrinade, Kirista ne daga kasar.
- Babban Hafsan Sojoji, Laftanar Janar G.S Jallo, Kirista ne daga Jam’iyyar GNPP da ke mulkin Jihar Gongola.
- Shugaban hafsan sojin ruwa, Vice Admiral Akin Aduwo, Kirista daga jihar Ondo mai mulkin UPN a lokacin.
- Shugaban hafsan sojin sama, AVM Abdul Bello, Kirista dan jam’iyyar GNPP ta jihar Gongola.
- Babban sufeton ‘yan sanda, Cif Sunday Adewusi, Kirista dan jihar Oyo karkashin jam’iyyar UPN.
Duk waɗannan manyan jami’an Kirista ne kuma babu wanda ya fito daga jam’iyyar NPN ta Shugaba Shagari, kuma uku daga cikin biyar ‘yan kabilar Yarbawa ne.
A lokacin faɗuwar farashin man fetur, Shagari ya mayar da gidaje da masana’antu da sufuri da noma a matsayin manyan manufofin gwamnatinsa. A harkokin sufuri, ya ƙaddamar da wasu manyan hanyoyin a fadin ƙasar’ Najeriya. Ya kuma ƙaddamar da wani shiri na bunƙasa amfani da injina a ɓangaren noma. Wannan yunƙuri ya ba da fifiko ga manyan manoma wajen samar da kayan amfanin gona masu yawa da nagarta.
Shagari kuma ya ƙirƙiro tsarin gidaje masu rahusa ga’yan ƙasa Najeriya. Shagari ya ɗauki matakai da dama don karfafawa hade da farfaɗo da tattalin arzikin Najeriya, kamar rage kashe kudi da ƙara harajin shigo da kayayyaki da kuma korar ma’aikatan ƙasashen waje.
Shagari ya sake tsayawa takara karo na biyu na shekaru hudu a shekarar 1983 kuma ya ci zabe, amma a ranar 31 ga Disamba 1983, manjo janar Muhammadu Buhari ya hambarar da Shagari. An zargi gwamnatin Shagari da cin-hanci da rashawa, kuma an kama shi an tsare shi tsawon shekaru uku. Daga baya aka wanke shi daga zargin cin-hanci da rashawa, sai dai an haramta masa shiga harkokin siyasar Najeriya.
Muƙaman da ya riƙe
- A shekarar 1958, an naɗa Shagari a matsayin sakataren majalisa ga Firayi Minista, Sir Abubakar Tafawa Balewa, sannan kuma ya rike mukamin ministan kasuwanci da masana’antu na tarayya.
- Daga 1959 har zuwa juyin mulkin farko na soja a watan Janairun 1966, Shagari ya rike mukamai daban-daban na majalisar ministoci da suka hada da bunkasa tattalin arziki, fansho, harkokin cikin gida da ayyuka.
- A tsakanin shekarar 1967 zuwa 1970 ya yi aiki a ma’aikatar gwamnati ta jihar Sakkwato.
- Bayan kawo karshen yakin basasa a shekarar 1970, shugaban mulkin soja na lokacin, janar Yakubu Gowon ya nada Shagari a matsayin kwamishinan bunkasa tattalin arziki, gyara da sake gina gwamnatin tarayya, mukamin da ya rike na tsawon shekara daya, kafin daga bisani a sake ba shi mukamin na kudi.
Mutuwarsa
Alhaji Shehu Usman Aliyu Shagari ya rasu ranar Juma’a, 28 ga watan Disamba 2018, ya rasu yana da shekaru 93. Sanarwar mutuwar tasa ta fito ne daga bakin gwamnan jihar Sokoto na lokacin wato Aminu Tambuwal, inda ya bayyana hakan a shafin sa na twitter a daren Juma’ar. Haka nan shi ma jikan marigayin mai suna Bello Shagari ya tabbatar da rasuwarsa, ya rasu a babban asibitin ƙasa da ke Abuja bayan ya yi jinya, ya bar ‘ya’ya da jikoki da dama.
A tsawon rayuwarsa, Shagari ya kasance mai saukin kai, gaskiya, mutuntaka da gaskiya a tsarinsa na al’amuran kasa. A ciki da wajen ma’aikatu daban-daban da ya rike a lokuta daban-daban, kafin da kuma bayan samun ‘yancin kai, tsohon malami kuma ma’aikacin gwamnati ya kasance ba mai son kai ba, bai kuma gurɓata da kwadayin da ya zama ruwan dare a tsakanin takwarorinsa ba.
Manazarta
Legg, P. (2019, March 3). Shehu Shagari obituary. Nigeria | the Guardian.
Ngbokai, R. (2018, December 29). 10 Things You Should Know About Alhaji Shehu Shagari. Daily Trust.
Okom, E. (2018, September 26). 1979 October 1: Alhaji Shehu Shagari was sworn in as president. – Federal Ministry of Information and National Orientation. Federal Ministry of Information and National Orientation.
THISDAYLIVE. (2018, December 30). SHEHU ALIYU SHAGARI (1925 – 2018) THISDAYLIVE.