Alhaji Sir Ahmadu Bello Sardaunan Sakkwato basarake ne, malamin makaranta, kuma ɗan siyasa, mai kishin ƙasa da jama’arsa. Ya rayu a ƙarƙashin mulkin mallakar Turawa har zuwa farkon samun mulkin kai. Sardauna mutum ne mai sauƙin kai kuma mai son haɗin kan jama’a tare da son ganin ci gaban jama’a da ma ƙasa baki ɗaya.
Haihuwarsa da salasalarsa
An dai haifi Sir Ahmadu Bello Sardaunan Sakkwato ne a ranar 12 ga watan Yuni na shekarar 1910 a wani gari da ake kira Rabba a cikin jihar Sakkwato dake Arewacin Najeriya. Tarihi ya nuna cewa kakansa shi ne Sarkin musulmi Malam Bello,wanda ya kasance daya daga cikin mutanen da sukka kafa daular Musulunci ta Sakkwato a wancan karnin.
Ibrahim Bello wanda shi ne mahaifin Sardauna ya kasance mutum ne jarumi wanda saboda jarumtakarsa wani shahararren mawaƙi na lokacinsa mai suna Zamnu ya yi masa kirari da Mai ƙafon karo a bayan da ya gwabza da Turawan mulkin mallaka iya ƙarfinsa. Sunan mahaifiyar Sir Ahmadu Bello Maimunatu wanda aka fi sani da Mamu.
Sir Ahmadu Bello Sardaunan Sakkwato ya zamo mai matuƙar riƙo da addini da al’ada. A duk inda Sardauna ya kasance kuma duk irin abin da yake yi, idan lokacin sallah ya yi yakan bar wannan aiki ya aiwatar da ibadarsa. Shi ne wanda ya samar da taken Arewacin Nijeriya na ‘Work and Worship’, ma’ana ‘A yi aiki a yi bauta’.
Karatunsa
Sardauna ya fara makaranta tun yana ɗan shekara biyar, a karkashin limamin garin Rabah, mai suna Liman Abubakar wanda ya karantar da shi karatun Alƙur’ani da wasu littattafai.
Gabanin a kai Sir Ahmadu Bello wajen liman Abubakar, da ma ya iya karanta Fatiha da wasu surori daga cikin Alkur’ani mai girma. Don haka daga kai shi hannun liman sai aka ɗora inda aka tabbatar ya iya karanta gajerun surori tun da Fatiha zuwa Alamtarakaifa kamar yadda aka saba a tsarin makarantun allo.
Sardauna ya sauke Alƙur’ani yana ɗan shekara goma sha biyu a duniya wato a tsawon shekaru bakwai ke nan. Sardauna ya ɗora da karatun Littattafai inda ya samu nasarar kammala karatun littattafan Ahlari, Ishimawi da Risala a cikin shekaru biyu, a wannan lokacin yana da shekaru 14 ke nan a duniya.
A shekarar 1924, Sardauna ya samu zarafin shiga makarantar boko a garin Sakkwato. Wato Sokoto Province School. Bayan kammala karatunsa a Sakkwato ya samu nasarar shiga makarantar horar da malamai ta Katsina. Wato Katsina Teachers Training College, Katsina. A kwalejen ta Katsina ya rike mukamin mai unguwa, kuma ya yi kyaftin na yan wasan Fives.
Gwagwamaryar aiki
Bayan kammala karatunsa a Katsina, Sir Ahmadu Bello ya zama malamin makaranta a Sakkwato Middle School wacce ita ce tsohuwar makarantarsa ta farko. Ya yi aiki a wannan makaranta daga shekarar 1931 zuwa 1934. Ayyukansa a wannan makaranta su ne karantar da English, Geometry da kuma Arabic inda daga baya ya zama mai kula da harkokin wasanni na makarantar.
Zamansa a wannan makaranta ya ba shi cikakkiyar damar saka ido kan yadda ake gudanar da harkokin mulki a Sakkwato, ta hanyar halatar zaman da Sarkin Musulmi ke yi a fadarsa don gudanar da mulki, sannan kuma a lokaci guda shi ya zama kamar mai sadar da tsakanin masarauta da kuma Turawan mulkin mallaka kasancewarsa wanda ya ke jin harshen Turanci.
A shekarar 1934 zuwa 1948, Sir Ahmadu Bello ya zama hakimin Rabah bayan naɗa shi da sarkin Musulmi na wancan lokacin ya yi. Haka nan kuma aka naɗa shi Sardaunan Sakkwato, watau mai ba wa sarkin Musulmi shawara a kan harkokin siyasa. A dai cikin waɗannan shekaru aka miƙa masa shugabancin yakin gabas na Sakkwato, wato Gusau inda hakimai goma sha hudu daga cikin arba’in da bakwai na Sakkwato ke karkashinsa.
A shekara ta 1944 ya koma Sakkwato a matsayin baban mai bayar da shawara ga sarkin musulmi. Shi ne a lokacin yake duba gundumomi, yake kuma duba ɓangaren aiki na hukumar NA (Wato Native Authority). A shekara ta 1948, ya kai ziyarar aiki Ingila, inda ya halarci kwas a kan mulkin ƙananan hukumomi.
A shekara ta 1949 Sarduna ya sami zuwa majalisar dokoki ta jihar Arewa, yana kuma daga cikin mutabe uku da aka zaba cikin kwamitin da zai rubuta sabon kundin tsarin mulkin kasa.
Harkokin siyasa
Sardauna ya fara harkokin siyasarsa ne tun yana ɗan shekara 23, inda ya nemi muƙamin Sarkin Musulmi. Bai yi nasara ba, sai ya zama shugaban siyasa na gundumar Rabah a Arewacin Najeriya.
A cikin shekarun 1940s Sir Ahmadu Bello ya taimaka wajen kafa Jam’iyyar Mutanen Arewa, wadda daga baya ta zama Northern Peoples’ Congress (NPC) a shekarar 1951. Ba da dadewa ba ya zama shugaban jam’iyyar NPC kuma ministan ƙananan hukumomi, ayyuka da ci gaban al’umma.
An nada Sardauna a matsayin Firimiyan Najeriya ta Arewa a shekarar 1954. kuma ya riƙe wannan muƙamin har tsawon shekaru goma sha daya, lokacin da aka kashe shi a yunƙurin juyin malkin soja na farko a ƙasa Najeriya.
Bayan samun ‘yancin kai daga Turawan mulkin mallaka, Sardauna ya jajirce wajen kare muradan al’ummar Arewacin Najeriya. Saboda haka sai ya tsinci kansa cikin adawa daga yankunan Kudu.
Gudummawa da ya bayar
Ɗaya daga cikin muhimman abubuwan cigaba da Sardauna ya bari shi ne zamanantar da al’ummar Arewacin Nijeriya da kuma haɗa kan al’umma daban-daban.
Gidansa na kashin kansa a Kaduna, wanda a yanzu ake kira Arewa House (Gidan Arewa), ya zama gidan tarihi da cibiyar bincike da rubuce-rubucen tarihi da ke ƙarƙashin gudanarwar Jami’ar Ahmadu Bello ta Zariya.
Ya dauki nauyin Bankin Arewa, Kamfanin Raya Arewacin Najeriya, sannan ya kafa Jami’ar Ahmadu Bello da ke Zariya.
Karramawa
An sanya sunansa matsayin sunayen wasu wurare, unguwanni, hukumomi titunan da abubuwan tarihi a fadin kasa Najeriya don karrama shi. Sun hada da:
- An sanya wa Jami’ar Ahmadu Bello da ke Zariya sunansa.
- Hotonsa ne aka saka a jikin takardar kuɗi ta naira ₦200.
- Akwai ɗimbin tituna da ke da sunansa musamman a jahohin Arewacin Najeriya.
Mutuwarsa
An kashe Sir Ahmadu Bello da matarsa Hafsatu, a lokacin harin juyin mulkin ranar 15 ga Janairu, 1966. Tarihi ya nuna cewa Alhaji Aliyu Magajin garin Sakkwato ne ya sanar da Sarkin Musulmi rasuwar Sardauna, wanda daga bisani ne Sarkin Musulmi n ya yarda a yi jana’izarsa.
An rawaito cewa Marigayi Shaikh Abubakar Gumi ne ya jagoranci sallar jana’izar marigayi Sardauna Sir Ahmadu Bello.
Manazarta
Akinbode, A. (2023, June 12). Sir Ahmadu Bello (1909-1966): The Sardauna of Sokoto – HistoryVille. HistoryVille.
Sani, A. (2023, October 8). Tarihin Sir Ahmadu Bello Sardaunan Sakkwato. Amsoshi.
Welle, D. (2005, August 15). Tarihin Marigayi Sir,Ahmadu Bello. dw.com.