Tarin fuka (TB), cuta ce ta ƙwayar cutar da tarin fuka na Mycobacterium ke haifarwa wanda galibi tana shafar huhu amma kuma tana iya shafar wasu gaɓoɓin kamar ƙwaƙwalwa, ƙashin baya, ko ƙoda. Akwai matakai uku na tarin fuka: rashin aiki (latent), mai aiki (cuta), da kuma miliya (ya yadu a cikin jiki). Tarin fuka yana yaɗuwa amma baya yaɗuwa cikin sauki; mutanen da ke fama da ciwon huhu kawai suna yaduwa. Alamomin tarin fuka sun hada da: tari, ciwon kirji, tari da jini, da gajiya.
Kimanin mutane miliyan 1.3 ne suka mutu daga tarin fuka a shekarar 2022 (ciki har da mutane 167,000 masu dauke da cutar HIV). A duk duniya, tarin fuka shi ne na biyu mafi yawan cutuka masu kisa bayan COVID-19 (sama da HIV da AIDS).
A cikin 2022, kimanin mutane miliyan 10.6 sun kamu da cutar tarin fuka (TB) a duniya, ciki har da maza miliyan 5.8, mata miliyan 3.5 da yara miliyan 1.3. TB yana nan a duk ƙasashe da kuma rukunin shekaru. TB na iya warkewa kuma ana iya riga-kafin shi.
Alaƙar TB da Ƙanjamau (HIV)
Mutanen da ke ɗauke da ƙwayar cutar kanjamau suna da yuwuwar kamuwa da cutar TB fiye da mutanen da ba su da HIV. Tarin fuka ita ce kan gaba wajen mutuwa a tsakanin masu ɗauke da kwayar cutar HIV.
Haduwar HIV da tarin fuka a jikin mutum, kowanne yana da sauri yin kisa. Idan ba tare da ingantaccen magani ba, kashi 60% na masu cutar kanjamau masu tarin fuka ne. A cikin shekara ta 2022, kusan mutane 167 000 ne suka mutu sakamakon cutar tarin fuka mai alaƙa da HIV. Adadin masu cutar tarin fuka da aka sanar da suka sami rubutaccen sakamakon gwajin cutar kanjamau a shekarar 2022 ya kai kashi 80%, sama da kashi 76 cikin 100 a shekarar 2021. Sashen hukumar WHO na Afirka yana da mafi girman nauyin tarin tarin fuka mai alaka da HIV.
Gabaɗaya a cikin 2022, kawai 54% na marasa lafiya na tarin fuka da aka sani suna tare da HIV suna kan maganin riga-kafin cutar HIV.
Matakan tarin fuka (TB)
1. Primary TB
Wannan shi ne matakin farko na tarin fuka. Tsarin garkuwar jiki na iya yin yaƙi da ƙwayoyin cuta, amma wani lokacin ba ya lalata su duka, kuma suna ci gaba da ƙaruwa. Wataƙila ba za a sami alamomin tarin fuka ba a wannan matakin, ko kuma a iya samun wasu alamomin mura.
2. Latent TB
A wannan matakin akwai ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin jiki, amma tsarin garkuwar jiki yana hana su yaɗuwa. Babu wata alama, kuma ba zai yaɗu ba. Amma dai cutar tana raye a cikin jiki kuma wata rana tana iya yin tasiri.
3. Active TB
Ƙwayoyin cuta suna ninkawa kuma suna sa rashin lafiya. Ana iya yaɗa cutar ga wasu. Wasu kashi 90% na lokuta masu aiki a cikin manya sun fito ne daga kamuwa da cutar tarin fuka.
4. Pulmonary TB
Cutar tarin fuka da ke yaɗuwa daga huhu zuwa sauran sassan jiki ana kiran ta da tarin fuka. Alamomin za su dogara da wane ɓangare na jiki kamuwa da cuta ya shafa.
5. Drugs Resistant TB
Wannan yana faruwa lokacin da wasu magunguna ba sa aiki ga ƙwayoyin cuta, wato yana bijirewa magani.
6. Systemic miliary TB
Wannan nau’in cutar tarin fuka ne da ba kasafai ake samun shi ba, wanda ke faruwa a lokacin da ƙwayoyin cutar suka shiga cikin jini kuma su yaɗu zuwa kowane ɓangare na jiki, ciki har da ƙwaƙwalwa, ƙashin baya, da ƙoda.
Alamomin tarin fuka
– Tari wanda ya wuce sati uku
– Tarin jini ko phlegm
– Ciwon kirji
– Zazzaɓi
– sanyi
– gumi da daddare dare
– Rashin cin abinci
– Rage nauyi
– Jin gajiya
– Kumburi gland
– Ciwon jiki da zafi
– Kumburin gabobi ko idon sawu
– Ciwon ciki ko ciwon mara
Abubuwan da ke janyo tarin fuka (TB)
– Bacteria: tarin fuka yana haifar da kwayar cutar ta Mycobacterium.
– Kusantar mai cutar: tarin fuka yana yaduwa ta hanyar kusanci da mutanen da ke da cutar.
– Feshin yawun mai cutar: Lokacin da wanda ke da tarin fuka ya yi tari, yana fesar da yawu mai ɗauke da ƙwayoyin cuta.
– Raunin garkuwar jiki: Mutanen da ke da raunin garkuwar jiki, kamar masu cutar kanjamau, rashin cin abinci mai gina jiki, ko ciwon sukari, ko masu shan taba sun fi kamuwa da tarin fuka.
– Cinkoso: Mutanen da ke rayuwa cikin cunkoson jama’a ko rashin lafiya, kamar waɗanda ba su da matsuguni, sun fi kamuwa da tarin fuka.
Riga-kafin tarin fuka (TB)
– Gano tarin tun da wuri
– Magani don latent TB
– Riga-kafi
– Allurar riga kafi (BCG)
– A guji daɗewa a wuraren cunkoson jama’a tare da marasa lafiya idan kana tafiya
– Rufe baki lokacin da ake dariya, atishawa, ko tari
– Sanya abin rufe fuska lokacin da kuke kusa da sauran mutane
Maganin tarin fuka
Maganin tarin fuka (TB) magani ne da ake amfani da maganin riga-kafi na akalla watanni shida zuwa tara. Mafi yawan maganin riga-kafin da ake amfani da su wajen magance tarin fuka sun haɗa da;
– Isoniazid
– Rifampin
– Pyrazinamide
– Ethambutol
– Streptomycin
Yana da mahimmanci a sha magungunan yau da kullun don samun cikakken sakamako mai amfani. Dakatawa da shan maganin kafin cikar wa’adin zai iya ba da damar tarin fukar ya bijirewa magungunan.
Manazarta
Shaban, D. (2023, July 27). Tuberculosis (TB): Causes, symptoms, treatment. WebMD.
Website, N. (2024, March 21). Tuberculosis (TB). NHS.UK
World Health Organization. (2023b, November 7). Tuberculosis. WHO.