Tsamiya

Tsamiya itaciya ce mai tsawo da ake samu a yankunan da suke da zafi sosai, musamman a Afirka da Asiya. Haka kuma itaciya ce mai ‘ya’ya masu ɗanɗanon tsami, wanda ake amfani da su a girke-girke, magunguna, da kuma abubuwan sha. Masana bincike sun tabbatar da cewa, tana daga cikin itattuwa masu tsayi a duniya. Ana iya samun tsayinta ya iya kaiwa mita 12 zuwa 18, kuma tana da manyan rassan da ke ba da inuwa da kuma iska mai gamsarwa.

Wuraren da tsamiya ta fi fitowa

Asalin tsamiya tana da alaƙa da yanki mai zafi na Afirka, musamman a yammacin Afirka inda ake kyautata zaton cewa can ne tushenta. Daga nan, tsamiya ta yaɗu zuwa Indiya, Asiya, da yankunan Larabawa tun zamanin da ta hanyar kasuwanci da kuma tafiye-tafiye. A yau, Indiya ce take da mafi yawa na noman tsamiya a duniya, kuma ana amfani da ita a girke-girke, magunguna, da sarrafa abinci a yankuna da dama.

Tsamiya tana daga cikin bishiyu masu ɗimbin tarihi a doron ƙasa. Tana daga cikin bishiyun da ake yin bikin bauta a filin da suke, musamman a wurin bikin shan kabewa. A Afirka, musamman a Najeriya, Nijar, Ghana da Mali, ana daraja tsamiya saboda amfaninta a abinci da magani.

Sinadaran da ke cikin tsamiya

A kimiyance an gano cewa tsamiya tana ɗauke da sinadarai masu matuƙar amfani ga jikin mutum. Ga wasu daga cikin sinadaran da tsamiya take ɗauke da su: sinadaran carbohydrates, Bitamin C, Bitamin B1, Minerals, Potassium, Magnesium, Iron, Organic acids, Tartaric acid, Malic acid, Polyphenols da kuma Flavonoids.

Sassan tsamiya da amfaninsu

Saiwa tsamiya

Ana amfani da saiwar tsamiya wajen haɗa magungunan gargajiya. Kama daga abin da ya shafi maganin sha da kuma na shafawa.

Gangar jiki/Itaciyar

Shi ne abin da ya fito daga ƙasa har zuwa rassa, abin da za a iya kira itace ko iccen tsamiya. Ana amfani da shi wajen yin katako domin gini. Ko kuma yin wani abin amfani kamar turmin daka ko kuma taɓarya ko kuma muciyar tuƙin tuwo.

Rassanta kuma ana yin rufin ɗaki da su. An tabbatar da cewa gara ba ta cin katakon da aka samu daga itacen tsamiya. Sannan kuma ana yin makamashin wuta da itacen tsamiya, kai tsaye ko kuma ta hanyar yin gawayinsa, kuma gawayin itacen tsamiya yana jimawa yana cin wuta ba tare da ya cinye da wuri ba.

Ganyen tsamiya

Ana amfani da ganyen tsamiya a matsayin abincin dabbobi. Sannan kuma ana haɗa magani da ganyen tsamiya a kimiyyance da kuma gargajiyance.

‘Ya’yan tsamiya

Shi ne sashe mafi muhimmanci a jikin tsamiya. Domin sai an same shi ake shuka ta.

Ƙwallon Tltsamiya

A cikin ‘ya’yan tsamiya idan aka cire kwanson, aka fito da asalin ‘ya’yan, su ma a cikinsu akwai ƙwallo; wato irin tsamiyar ke nan. Da shi ake sake samar da wata tsamiyar. Sannan kuma a kimiyyance ana yin roba da su. Har ila yau kuma akwai wani sinadari da ake kira fektin (Pectin) wanda ake saka shi a cikin magani domin ya bai wa magani kariya daga lalacewa.

Fure tsamiya

Ana kiwon zuma da furen tsamiya saboda tana matuƙar son ƙamshinsa. Sannan kuma dai ana haɗa magani da shi.

Tsokar tsamiya

Tsokar ‘ya’yan tsamiya ana amfani da ita a gargajiyance wajen fitar da tsatsa daga jikin abubuwan da suka haɗa da zinare, azurfa, tagulla da sauransu.

Tsamiya a gargajiyance

A gargajiyance, tsamiya tana da matuƙar amfani a fannin magani a Afirka, Asiya, da Larabawa. Ana amfani da ita don warkar da cututtuka da dama, saboda tana ɗauke da sinadarai masu amfani ga jiki kamar antioxidants, bitamins, da minerals.

Amfanin tsamiya a matsayin magani

• Ruwan tsamiya yana taimakawa wajen magance ciwon ciki da zawo. Ana sha don rage kumburin ciki da sauƙaƙa narkewar abinci.
• Ana shan ruwan tsamiya don rage zafin jiki da zazzaɓi. Yana taimakawa wajen magance ciwon jiki da gajiya.
• Har ma akan yi amfani da ita wurin kawar da wanda yake cikin maye daga maye.
• Tsamiya tana rage yawan sikari a jiki, don haka ana amfani da ita wajen kula da ciwon suga. Ana amfani da ruwan tsamiya don rage hawan jini da kuma ƙara lafiyar zuciya.
• Ana amfani da ganyen tsamiya a matsayin lalle don warkar da ƙuraje da cututtukan fata. Ana shafa ɗanyun ‘ya’yan tsamiya a fata don hana kumburi ko ƙaiƙayi.

Amfanin tsamiya ga girke-girke

Tsamiya tana da matukar amfani a girki, musamman a cikin girke-girken gargajiya na Hausa da wasu sassan Afirka. Ga wasu daga cikin amfanin ta:

• Tsamiya tana taimakwa wurin ba wa abinci ɗanɗano mai kyau, musamman a cikin miya da sauran nau’ikan girke-girke.
• Ana amfani da ita wurin yin kunun tsamiya da lemon tsamiiya.
• Ana amfani da ita wurin yin karan maƙulashe kamar ɗan tamatsitsi ko kuma sa maigida tsale, har da wajen yin alkaki.
• Tsamiya tana taimakawa wajen rage nauyin maiƙo a girki tare da rage ƙarnin nama ko kifi a girki.
• Ana amfani da tsamiya wajen yin zoɓo da wasu kayan sha domin ƙara masa ɗanɗano.
• Haka nan ana amfani da ita wajen yin nau’ikan wasu miya kamar su miyar tsamiya da ake amfani da ita a girkin Asiya.

Amfanin tsamiya ga masana’antu

Tsamiya tana da matuƙar amfani a masana’antu daban-daban saboda yawan sinadaran da take ɗauke da su. Ga wasu daga cikin manyan amfaninta:

• Ana amfani da tsamiya wajen yin lemon tsamiya, zobo, da syrups.
• Ana amfani da ita wajen ƙara ɗanɗano a wasu kayan ciye-ciye da nau’ikan miya.
• Ana amfani da ita wajen yin kayan marmari kamar jams da jellies.
• Tsamiya tana ɗauke da sinadaran da ke taimakawa wajen gyaran narkewar abinci da rage kumburi.
• Ana amfani da ita wajen yin magunguna masu hana gudawa ko kumburin ciki.
• Haka nan ana amfani da ita a wasu magunguna don rage zafin jiki da gyara hanta.
• Ana amfani da sinadaran tsamiya wajen yin sabulai da creams saboda tana da sinadarai masu sanya fata laushi.
• Tana taimakawa wajen rage ƙuraje da ba fata yanayi mai kyau da kuma gamsarwa.
• Ana amfani da ganyen tsamiya da ɓawonta wajen yin taki (organic fertilizer).
• Ana amfani da ita wajen yin sinadarai da ke taimakawa wajen hana cututtukan a amfanin gona.
• Ana amfani da sinadaran da ke cikin ɓawon tsamiya wajen yin manne da fenti saboda suna da sunadari mai ƙarfi wurin haɗe abu.
• Ana amfani da ita wajen yin sinadarai masu hana ruwa ko danshi lalata abubuwa.
• Ana amfani da tsamiya wajen sarrafawa da ƙara ingancin robobi.
• Hakanan ana amfani da ita wajen yin sinadarai da ake amfani da su a masana’antar tufa wato yaddika kamar yadda ake amfani da rama.

Amfanin tsamiya wajen haɗa magungunan kimiyya

Tsamiya tana da matuƙar amfani a magunguna saboda tana ɗauke da sinadarai masu amfani ga jiki. Ga wasu daga cikin amfaninta a fannin lafiya da magani:

• Tsamiya tana da sinadarin dietary fiber, wanda ke taimakawa wajen narkar da abinci da rage matsalar ciki kamar kumburi da rashin jin dadi bayan cin abinci.
• Tsamiya tana taimakawa wajen rage yawan sukari a jini, saboda tana hana karuwar sinadarin glucose a jikin masu ciwon suga.
• Saboda sinadaranta na potassium da antioxidants, tana taimakawa wajen rage hawan jini da kare zuciya daga matsaloli.
• Tsamiya tana taimakawa wajen rage yawan cholesterol (LDL) da kara HDL (kyakkyawan cholesterol) wanda ke hana matsalolin zuciya.
• Ana amfani da tsamiya wajen magance ciwon gudawa (diarrhea) da kumburin ciki.
• Haka nan tana iya taimakawa wajen gyara tafiyar ciki ga masu fama da shanyewar ciki ko ciwon basir.
• Tsamiya tana ɗauke da antioxidants da ke kare hanta daga guba da cututtuka. Takan taimakawa wajen tsaftace hanta da hana tarin gubobi a jiki.
• Tsamiya tana ɗauke da antioxidants kamar polyphenols, wadanda ke taimakawa wajen hana yawaitar cutar kansa da rage yawan gubobi a jiki.

Matsalolin yawaita amfani da tsamiya

Duk da yawan amfanin tsamiya, tana da wasu matsaloli da ya kamata a kula da su, musamman idan aka yi amfani da ita fiye da kima. Ga wasu daga cikin matsalolinta:

• Idan aka sha tsamiya da yawa, tana iya haddasa ciwon ciki, gudawa ko kumburi, saboda yawan fiber da acid da take dauke da su.
• Saboda yawan acid da tsamiya ke ɗauke da shi, tana iya lalata enamel na haƙora, wanda zai iya haddasa zafin haƙori da tsatsa.
• Duk da cewa tana taimakawa wajen rage sugar a jini, shan ta da yawa na iya sa hypoglycemia (rashin isasshen sugar a jiki), wanda zai iya haddasa jiri da gajiya.
• Wasu mutane na iya samun zazzaɓi, fatar jiki na yin ja, ko tari idan suna da alerji da tsamiya.
• Saboda tana rage hawan jini, idan mutum mai matsalar hypotension (rashin isasshen hawan jini) ya sha ta da yawa, yana iya fama da jiri ko gajiya.
• Yawan shan tsamiya na iya ƙara matsalar ciwon basir, saboda yana iya sa hanji ya yi aiki fiye da kima.
• Shan kumun tsamiya ga mai matsalar tsargiya tana haifar da fitsarin jini.
• Yawan shan tsamiya a lokacin juna biyu na iya haddasa ciki ya mutu ko kumburin ciki, duk da cewa da yawa ana amfani da ita a wasu magunguna na mata masu ciki.
• Tsamiya tana iya hana wasu magunguna aiki yadda ya kamata, musamman maganin hawan jini da magungunan rage ciwon suga.

Manazarta

Contributors to Wikimedia projects. (2025, January 31). Tsamiya. Wikipedia.

Morton, J. (1987). Tamarind (Tamarindus indica L.). In Fruits of Warm Climates. Miami, FL.

El-Siddig, K., Gunasena, H. P. M., Prasad, B. A., Pushpakumara, D. K. N. G., Ramana, K. V. R., Vijayanand, P., & Williams, J. T. (2006). Tamarind – Tamarindus indica L. Southampton Centre for Underutilized Crops.

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