Mece ce wayar hannu?
Wayar hannu ko kuma wayar salula, wata na’ura ce da ke aiki da wutar lantarki wajen karɓa da kuma aika saƙonnin ta fuskoki daban-daban a ko’ina a faɗin duniya, matuƙar dai akwai tashar sadarwa (network) a yankin. Haka nan wayar salula na ɗebe kewa da ba da damar yin wasu aikace-aikacen kamar lissafi, kallon bidiyo, sauraren rediyo, yin rubutu da ajiye shi da dai sauran su.
Samuwar wayar hannu
An ƙirƙiri wayar hannu ta farko a shekara ta 1973, daga wani Ba’amurke da ake kira Dr. Cooper, kuma an haife shi ranar 26 ga watan Disamba, 1928. Ya girma a garin Chicago kuma ya yi digiri a fannin Injiniyan lantarki. A shekara ta 1954 ne ya fara aiki da kamfanin Motorola, inda ya yi wa kamfanin aiki wajen samar da wasu kayan sadarwa. Daga cikin abubuwan da ya yi wa wannan kamfani har da radiyon hannu ta sadarwa tsakanin ma’aikatan tsaro. Shi ne mutumin da ya fara yin irin wannan radio ta sadarwa a duniya, a shekara 1967.
Shi ne kuma mutumin da ya fara yin kira na farko a duniya ta amfani da wayar hannu. Kuma ya yi wannan kira ne a wani wajen cuɗanyar mutane a birnin New York, ranar 3, ga watan Afrilu, 1973. In da ya kira wani abokinsa ya ce masa, “Joe ina kiran ka ne da wata na’urar wayar hannu ‘yar ƙarama.’’
Yadda tsarin wayar hannu ke aiki
Tsarin wayar hannu yana aiki ne ta sigar hanyoyi guda biyu, wanda ya haɗa da wayar hannun da kuma turakun samar da sabis. Ana ɗora eriya ta tashar sadarwa a sama (a kan turken ƙarfen sabis) don samun mafi kyawun yanayin sadarwa. Wayar hannu tana da tsarin karɓa da kuma watsa bayanai.
Lokacin da kake yin kira, wayarka tana amfani da radiation na mitar rediyo (RF) ta eriyarta don magana zuwa turken sadarwa da ke kusa. Da zarar tashar ta karɓi siginarku, ana aika kiranku zuwa inda ake buƙata.
Turakun sadarwar wayar hannu suna fitar da ingantattun matakan RF radiation. Wayoyin hannu suna fitar da matakan RF radiation wanda ya bambanta dangane da dalilai uku kamar:
– Tsawon lokacin da kake amfani da wayar.
– Yanayin yadda ka riƙe wayar a jikinka
– Yanayin tazarar ka da tashar sadarwa. Idan hanyar haɗa kira zuwa tashar sadarwa ta yi rauni, wayar hannu tana ƙara ƙarfin radiation don samun damar sadarwar.
Mene ne radiation?
Radiation wani haɗaɗɗen makamashi ne na lantarki da na maganaɗisu, wanda ke tafiya cikin sararin samaniya da sauri. Ana kuma kiran shi da radiation electromagnetic (EMR).
Radiation ya kasu kashi biyu:
1. ionizing radiation (IR) – wanda ke iya haifar da canje-canje a ƙwayoyin halitta a cikin jikin ɗan’adam, wanda zai iya haifar da lalacewar nama kamar ciwon daji. Misalan IR sun haɗa da x-ray da gamma-ray.
2. non-ionising radiation (NIR) – wanda ba ya haifar da waɗancan canje-canje, amma zai iya sa ƙwayoyin halitta su yi rauni. Wannan kan iya haifar da hauhawar zafin jiki, da sauran matsaloli. Misalan NIR sun haɗa da hasken ultraviolet a cikin hasken rana, hasken da ake iya gani, fitilu, hasken infrared, makamashin microwave da makamashin mitar rediyo.
Karɓuwar wayar hannu a cikin al’umma
Yawaitar amfani da wayar hannu ya yaɗu sosai a cikin al’umma (an yi kiyasin a shekarar 2011 cewa akwai masu amfani da wayar salula kusan biliyan biyar). Damuwar jama’a game da illar wayar salula tare da samun bayanai da yawa a kafafen yaɗa labarai, musamman shafukan sada zumunta na ƙaruwa. Saboda mutane da yawa suna amfani da wayoyin hannu, masu bincike likitoci sun duƙufa sosai da nufin gano duk wani haɗarin lafiya da ke tattare da wayar salula ko mai ƙankantar shi, rashin gano haka na iya haifar da babbar matsala ga lafiyar jama’a.
Yana da mahimmanci al’umma su fahimci haɗari da tasirin amfani da wayar hannu kan haifar wa lafiyar jiki, kuma su ɗauki matakai ko dabarun yadda za su yi amfani da wayar hannu.
Haɗarin wayar hannu ga lafiya
Wayoyin hannu suna sadarwa ne ta hanyar amfani da radiation na mitar rediyo, wato rediofrequency (RF) a Turance. Idan RF radiation ya yi yawa sosai, yana da tasirin haifar da zazzaɓi, wanda kan sa zafin jiki. Haka nan ko da a ce RF radiation da wayoyin hannu ke fitarwa bai yi yawa ba, to yana iya haifar da matsalolin lafiya kamar ciwon kai ko ciwon ƙwaƙwalwa.
Sai dai wani bincike mai zurfi na ƙasa da ƙasa bai gano wata ƙwaƙƙwarar hujja ko gamsasshiyar shaidar da ke nuna cewa wayoyin hannu suna da illa ga lafiya cikin gajeren lokaci ko mai tsayi ba. Duk da haka, a cikin watan Mayu na 2011, Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya (WHO) ta ayyana RF radiation a matsayin ‘possibly carcinogenic’ wato zai iya haifar da ƙaruwar haɗarin kamuwa da ‘glioma’, wani irin ciwon daji ne da ke kama ƙwaƙwalwa.
Fitar da wannan bayanin na WHO ya sa mutane da yawa yin kira da babbar murya da a ɗauki matakin yin taka tsantsan don amfani da wayar hannu. Ana dai ci gaba da bincike har yanzu.
An yi bincike da nazari da yawa a duk faɗin duniya a kan radiation na RF da tasirin sa ga lafiyar jiki. Akwai babban bambanci tsakanin tasirin ƙwayar halitta – tasiri a jiki – da tasirinsa ga lafiya.
Misali, RF radiation daga wayar hannu yana da tasirin ƙwayoyin halitta wajen haɓaka yanayin zafi a cikin wani yanki na ƙwaƙwalwa ɗan ƙanƙani. Wannan tasirin na ƙwayar halitta ba shi da haɗari ga lafiya ta kai tsaye. Jikin ɗan’adam yana da garkuwa don magance bambancin yanayin zafi sosai ba tare da fuskantar lahani ba.
Wayar hannu da ciwon daji
Sakamakon RF radiation wani nau’i ne na non-ionising radiation, ba zai iya haifar da ciwon daji ba. Babu wata sananniyar hanyar nazarin halittu da radiation RF zai iya zama carcinogenic.
Wayoyin hannu da sauran illolin lafiya
Har kawo yanzu dai ana ci gaba da gudanar da bincike kan ko amfani da wayar salula na haifar da matsalolin lafiya? Hatta cutar daji, ba a samu wani ƙwaƙƙwarar hujja ko bincike ba daga masana kiwon lafiya dangane da illar wayar hannu ga lafiyar jiki.
Sai dai duk da haka, amfani da wayar hannu na iya kawo wasu illolin lafiya kai tsaye. Ga wasu daga ciki;
– Kayan Lantarki – abu ne yiwuwa radiation RF ya taɓa kayan lantarki na aikin asibiti musamman idan ya kasance kayan aikin a sarari suke. Saboda haka ya kamata a kashe wayoyin hannu a asibitoci.
– Hatsari – bincike ya nuna cewa yin amfani da wayar hannu yayin tuƙi yana ƙara haifar da haɗari. Yin magana da wayar hannu yayin tuƙi haramun ne a dokokin tuƙi.
Hanyoyin kariya daga radiation rf
– Zaɓar samfurin wayar hannu wadda ke da ƙarancin RF radiation.
– Amfani da wayar kan tebur (landline) idan akwai.
– Yin amfani da ‘hands-free’ maimakon ɗaukar wayar kusa da jikinka lokacin da ake magana.
– Kiyaye dogara da na’urorin kariya ko garkuwa cewa na iya rage ƙarfin radiation RF. Babu wata shaida da ta nuna cewa waɗannan na’urori suna aiki yadda ya kamata.
Kammalawa
Wayar hannu ta kawo sauye-sauye masu yawa a duniya ta kowace fuska kama daga tattalin arziki da tsaro da zamantakewa da harkokin ilimi da sauran su, Waɗannan sauye-sauye sun ƙunshi bangarori biyu; sauyi mai amfani da marar amfani ko kuma a ce mai naƙasu kamar yadda kowane abu ke da alfanu ko akasin haka.