Hanci wani muhimmin gaɓa ce wadda ke taka muhimmiyar rawa a ayyukan jikin ɗana’dam kamar yin numfashi da tantance wari da kamshi. Akwai ƙarin ayyuka da hanci ke yi sosai don rayuwa ta yau da kullum. Haka nan, akwai wasu matsalolin kiwon lafiya game da hanci da ya kamata a san su.
Hanci shi ne ɓangaren fuska wanda ke aiwatar da wasu ayyuka na musamman kuma muhimmin sashi ne na tsarin numfashi, da sauran su. Idan aka duba daga waje, hanci yana da siffa irin ta dala (pyramid). Hanci shi ne farkon sashin da ke ji ko tantance wari, yana daga cikin muhimman sashen numfashi a cikin jiki. Bayan wannan, yana kuma aikin tantance ɗanɗano. Har ila yau dai, ana tace iskar da ake shaka ta gashin hanci.
Siffa da bangarorin hanci
Siffar hanci da yanayinsa ya ƙunshi ƙasusuwa da guringuntsi. Tantanin septum yana raba hanci kuma ya raba kogon hanci gida biyu. Ga jerin ɓangarorin ko sassan hanci kamar haka:
Ƙashi
Shi ne ginshikin da ya riƙe da dukkan sauran bangarori ko sashe na hanci.
Guntsi (Cartilage)
Guntsi kamar ƙashi yake, yana ɓangarori a cikin hanci. Guntsin sama yana ba da kariya ga gefen hanci. sauran wuraren guntsi suna ƙara faɗi da tsawon karan hanci. Guntsi ke bayar da siffa da taswira ga hanci.
Nasal cavity
Shi ne faffadan sararin cikin hanci wanda iska ke bi ta cikinsa, wato shi ne bututun iskar da ke shiga cikin hanci da kuma wacce take fitowa a yayin numfashi.
Septum
Septum wani tantani ne da ya raba cikin hanci zuwa bangarori guda biyu. Wato wata katanga ce a cikin hanci da aka yi da ƙashi da guntsi.
Mucous membrane
Wani tantanin fata ne a cikin hanci da makogwaro. Yana da danshi kuma yana jiƙa iskar da muke shaƙa. Yana kuma samar da majina mai danko wadda ke hana kura da sauran ƙananan barbashi shigewa can ciki.
Turbinates
Wannan ma tantanin fata ne. Kowane gefen hanci yana ɗauke da waɗannan tantani da suke lulluɓe ƙashi da guntsi a cikin hanci.
Sinuses
Kashin da ke kewaye da hanci yana ƙunshe da ramuka, ɓangarori masu cike da iska wanda aka fi sani da sinuses. Iska tana gudana zuwa cikin rami na hanci daga sinuses.
Ayyukan hanci
Hanci dai gaba ce mai matuƙar mahimmanci wacce ke aiwatar da ayyuka da dama ba dare ba rana, sawa’un a ido biyu ko kuma a cikin barci. Waɗannan su ne muhimman ayyukan hanci:
Yin numfashi
Tsarin numfashi yana farawa a cikin hanci. Oxygen tana shiga cikin hunhu ta hanci kuma tana fita lokacin fitar da numfashi. Cavities na hanci suna buɗe sararin saman hanci da ake kira choana, wanda ke ƙara buɗewa zuwa cikin nasopharynx. Daga nan sai iskar ta shiga cikin oropharynx kuma a karshe ta isa hunhu ta ƙofofin maƙogwaro, wato trachea da bronchi.
Tace iska
Katangar kogon hanci an lullube da gashi ƙanana wanda ke riƙe ƙura da barbashi masu cutarwa. Haka kuma gashin hanci yana da danshin dumama iska, ta yadda za ta yi daidai da yanayin iska da danshin da ke cikin huhu. A lokacin fitar da numfashi, zafi da damshin da ke cikin carbon dioxide suna raguwa a jikin gashin hanci kafin a sake su cikin yanayin iskar gari.
Jin wari ko kamshi
Iskar da aka shaƙa tana zuwa tare da olfactory epithelium kuma jijiyoyi masu karɓar warin suna tara abubuwan da ke ɗauke da wari don aikawa zuwa jijiyoyi masu karɓar sakon wari ko kamshi. Ana ɗaukar waɗannan sakonni zuwa yankin tantance ƙamshi ko wari na kwakwalwa don gano nau’in wari ko kamshi.
Jin ɗanɗano
Yayin da ake tauna wani abu, abincin yana fitar da wasu sinadarai waɗanda ke tafiya har zuwa hanci kuma suna sanar da jijiyoyi masu karɓar sakon wari ko kamshi a cikin hanci. Suna aiki tare da sashen ɗanɗano don gano ainihin ɗanɗanon abincin da ake ci.
Matsaloli da cutukan hanci
Akwai matsaloli iri-iri na hanci da na sinus. Ana samun waɗancan cututtuka ta tsarin da abin ya shafa ko alamomin su. Misali, ɗaya daga cikin matsalolin da suka fi yawa shi ne sinusitis, wanda shi ne kumburin sararin cikin kunci ko goshi ko kuma hanci.
Wata hanyar da za a fahimci matsalolin hanci da sinus ita ce ta tsawon lokaci da suka ɗauka. Wasu matsalolin na ɗan gajeren lokaci ne kamar yanayin sinusitis wanda ke tasowa bayan sanyi. Wasu matsaloli suna dawwama dindindin wato na yau da kullun. Akwai cututtukan hanci kamar haka:
1. Rhinitis
Mutanen da ke fama da ciwon rhinitis na iya yin tari da zubar hawaye da yin atishawa lokacin da suke numfasawa cikin wani abu da suke rashin lafiyarsa. Rashin lafiyan rhinitis wani lokaci ana kiransa zazzabin hay ko kuma rashin lafiyar yanayi idan pollen ne sanadin. Sauran alamomin rhinitis sun haɗa da:
- Toshewar kunnuwa
- Kumburi a ƙarƙashin idanu
- Gajiya
- Ciwon kai
- Jin zafi a hanci, baki, fata, da makogwaro
- Cushewar hanci
- Ciwon makogwaro
- Matsalar tantance wari ko kamshi
2. Karkatar septum
Dukkan cavities ɗin hanci daidai suke da girmansu. Saɓanin haka, karkataccen septum yana faruwa idan tantanin septum ko kashi da guntsi da ke raba kowane ɓangare na hanci ya karkace daga tsakiya. Karkacewar septum na iya haifar da alamomi da yawa, kamar:
- Cututtukan sinus akai-akai
- Rikicewar numfashi ga jarirai da yara ƙanana
- Zubar jinin hanci
- Yin numfashi ta baki
- Matsalar numfashi ta ɗaya ko bangarorin biyu na hanci
3. Rashin jin ƙamshi ko ɗanɗano
Ɓangaren hanci da ke jin wari yana da tsayi a rufin hanci. Ƙwayoyin halitta na musamman a nan suna karɓar saƙon ƙamshi kuma suna aika shi zuwa ƙwaƙwalwa ta jijiyar wari ko kamshi. Matsalolin da ke tare da jin wari akai-akai suna lalata ɗanɗano. Dalilai na yau da kullun sun haɗa da toshewar jiki, misali daga kumburin da ke da alaƙa da wani kumburin, nakasar jiki kamar karkataccen septum da wasu matsalolin kiwon lafiya, kamar su cututtukan neurodegenerative, su ma
na iya haifar da matsalolin wari ko kamshi.
4. Epistaxis (nosebleeds)
Epistaxis -wanda aka fi sani da zubar jini, ana samun shi ta hanyar fashewar jijiyar jini a cikin hanci. Akwai dalilai da yawa na epistaxis; yana iya faruwa nan take ko sakamakon rauni, magunguna, ciwace-ciwace, tiyata, ko wasu abubuwan muhalli.
Gwaje-gwajen cutukan hanci
Ma’aikatan kiwon lafiya suna bincikar matsalolin hanci ko matsalolin sinus ta la’akari da alamoninsu. Za su iya amfani da gwajin jiki, hoto, da sauran gwaje-gwajen bincike. Wasu daga cikin gwaje-gwajen bincike waɗanda ma’aikatan kiwon lafiya za su iya amfani da su sun haɗa da:
- Allergy test: Ma’aikatan kiwon lafiya kan yi amfani da gwajin fata don ganin abin da allergens ke haifarwa ga lafiya.
- Ciliary test: Wannan gwajin yana duba yadda cilia wato (gashin hanci) ke tace ƙwayoyin cuta da tarkace daga cikin iskar da ake shaƙa.
- CBC: Wannan gwajin jini ne da kan iya gano rashin lafiyar rhinitis ko gano dalilin zubar jinin hanci.
- CT scan: Wannan gwajin hoto ne, yana duba tsarin hanci da sinuses. Hakabnan likita na iya amfani da CT scan don bincika sinuses da kuma polyps na hanci.
- IgE RAST test: Wannan gwajin jini ne wanda ke bincika ƙwayoyin riga-kafi waɗanda jik ke samarwa don kulawa ga allergen.
- Nasal endoscopy: Wannan gwaji ne da likita zai saka wani bututu tare da kyamara a ƙarshen (endoscope) don gani cikin hanci. Za kuma a iya cire ɗan ƙaramin nama don aiwatar da binciken.
Magungunan ciwon hanci
Babu wani magani guda ɗaya tabbatacce don matsalolin hanci da sinus. Jinyar ciwon hanci ta dogara ne ga fahimta da kuma tsanantar alamomin cutar. Wasu cututtuka suna buƙatar kulawa da kai ne kawai, yayin da wasu na iya buƙatar magani ko tiyata.
Riga-kafin cutukan hanci
Akwai matakan da za a iya ɗauka waɗanda ke taimakawa rage haɗarin matsalolin hanci ko sinus. Sai dai ba koyaushe za a iya daƙile matsalolin hanci da sinus ba, duk haka ga wasu hanyoyi da za a iya bi:
- Samun maganin mura na shekara-shekara.
- Washe cushewar hanci da maganin shaƙa na hanci.
- Kulawa da yanayin rashin lafiya misali, rashin lafiyar rhinitis da asma
- Rage damuwa
- Kasance cikin yayin danshi
- A daina shan taba ko kada ma a fara
- Wanke hannunka da sabulu da ruwa.
Manazarta
Kessler, R. (2023, November 1). Common sinus disorders and nose problems. Health.
MedicineNet: (2020, August 21). What your nose says about your health. MedicineNet.
Mustapha, O. (2018, May 27). Matsalolin kunne da hanci da maƙoshin. Aminiya.
SR, V. (2022, October 4). Anatomy of the nose: What to know. WebMD.
UI Health: (n.d). Nasal & Sinus Diseases/Conditions we treat. (n.d.). UI Health.