Hanta sashe ce daga cikin sassan jikin dabbobi masu shayarwa (Dabbobin da suke haihuwa sannan kuma su shayar da ‘ya’yansu nono), tsuntsaye da kuma kifaye. Hanta ita ce mafi girman ɓangare dunƙulalle a cikin jiki. Tana kawar da gurɓatattun sinadarai da abubuwa daga cikin jini, tana kuma kula da matakan sukari a cikin jini. Haka nan tana daidaita gudanar jini, tana yin ɗimbin ayyuka masu mahimmanci. Hanta na a ƙarƙashin haƙarƙari a cikin ciki ta ɓangaren dama.
Ayyukan hanta
Hanta wata mahimmiyar aba ce daga cikin sassan jiki wacce ke yin ayyuka sama da 500 masu mahimmanci. Waɗannan ayyuka sun haɗa da fitar da gurɓatattun sinadarai da baƙin abubuwan daga cikin jini, daidaita matakan sukari a jini, da samar da abubuwan gina jiki masu alfanu. Ga wasu jerin muhimman ayyukan hanta a cewar shafin Toppr-guides (2021)
• Samar da sinadarin albumin
Albumin wani sinadarin furotin ne wanda ke kare sinadarai nau’in ruwa a cikin jini daga zuba a kan tantanin halittar da ke kewaye da hanta. Haka nan yana jigilar hormones da bitamin da kuma enzymes a cikin jiki.
• Samar da sinadarin bile
Bile wani sinadarin ruwa ne da ke da mahimmanci wajen aikin narkewar abinci da kuma zuƙar sinadaran kitse zuwa cikin ƙaramin hanji.
• Tace jini
Duk jinin da ke fita daga ciki da hanji yana ratsa cikin hanta ne, wanda a nan ake tace shi ta hanyar kawar da gubobi da gurɓatattun sinadarai da sauran abubuwa masu cutarwa.
• Daidaita amino acids
Samar da sinadaran furotin sun dogara ne da amino acid. Hanta tana tabbatar da cewa matakan amino acid a cikin jini sun kasance daidai da buƙatar jiki don ingantacciyar lafiya.
• Daidaita gudan jini
Ana samar da sinadaran da ke haɗa gudan jini ta hanyar amfani da bitamin K, wanda za a iya sha tare da taimakon sinadarin bile, wato ruwan da hanta ke samarwa.
• Dakatar da cututtuka
A matsayin hanta na wani ɓangare muhimmi mai aikin tace jini, tana fitar da ƙwayoyin cuta daga cikin jini.
• Adana sinadaran bitamin da minerals
Hanta tana adana kaso mai yawa na bitamin A, D, E, K, da B12, da sinadaran ƙarfe da tagulla.
• Sarrafa sinadarin glucose
Hanta tana fitar da ragowar sinadarin glucose (wato sukari) daga cikin jini kuma tana adana shi a matsayin glycogen. Kamar yadda ake buƙata, tana iya canja sinadarin glycogen ya komo sinadarin glucose.
Siffar hanta
Siffar hanta dai kamar mazugi ne (cone shape). Hakazalika, launin hanta yana da duhu ja-ja-ja-ja launin ruwan kasa. Haka kuma, nauyin hanta a matsayinta gaɓar jiki tana da kusan kilo 3.
Akwai nau’ikan tushe guda biyu waɗanda ke samar da jini ga hanta. Tushe na farko shi ne jinin Oxygenated, wato wanda ya cakudu da iskar oxygen, wanda ke zuwa cikin jijiyoyin hanta. Ɗaya tushen kuma shi ne jini mai wadataccen sinadarin abinci mai gina jiki wanda ke shiga cikin hanta.
Kimanin kashi 13% na jinin jiki yana cikin hanta. Bugu da ƙari, tsarin hanta ya ƙunshi manyan lobes guda biyu. Duka manyan sassan hanta sun ƙunshi ƙananan lobes ko lobules guda 1,000.
Hanta tana da lobes har guda huɗu: wato lobes suna nufin sassan jikin hanta. Mafi girman lobes su ne na dama da na hagu, da ƙananan waɗanda ake kira caudate lobe da lobe quadrate. Ana kasa lobe na hagu da dama ta hanyar tsarin falciform, wanda ke haɗa hanta zuwa bangon ciki. Za a iya ƙara raba hanta na hanta zuwa kashi takwas, wanda ke da dubban lobules (kananan lobes).
Lobules suna nufin ƙananan tubalan ginin hanta jiki. Lobules suke rabuwa zuwa ƙananan ducts (tubes), wato kananan hanyoyin jini da sunadarai. Kowane ɗayan waɗannan lobules yana da bututun da ke gudana zuwa ga hanyoyin jini na hanta, wanda ke fitar da bile daga hanta.
Sassan hanta
Waɗannan su ne wasu muhimman sassan jikin hanta kamar yadda wata kafa mai suna Columbia Surgery ta zayyana a shafinta na yanar gizo::
- Duct Hepatic Common: Bututu mai fitar da bile daga hanta. An kafa shi ne daga mahadar hanyoyin hanta na dama da hagu.
- Falciform Ligament: Ligament wato bangare mai sinadarin fibrous wanda ke raba lobes na hanta guda biyu kuma ya haɗa shi da bangon ciki.
- Glisson’s Capsule: Tantani ne sako-sako da nama wanda ke kewaye da hanta da jijiyoyin da ke da alaƙa da ita.
- Hepatic artery: Babban bututu ko hanyar jini ce wanda ke ba wa hanta jini mai ɗauke da iskar oxygen.
- Hepatic Portal Vein: Shi ma aikinsa jigilar jini daga gastrointestinal tract, gallbladder da pancreas da kuma hanta.
- Lobes: Waɗannan suna nufin sassan jikin hanta.
- Lobules: Waɗannan suna nufin ƙananan tubalan ginin hanta.
- Peritoneum: Wani membrane ne (tantani) da ke rufe hanta wanda ke samar da sarari.
Cuttutukan hanta
Binciken kimiyya ya tabbatar da samuwar na’ukan cututtukan hanta da dama. Mafi hatsari ko haɗari daga cikinsu ita ce kansar hanta, wacce ta karkasu zuwa na’uka da dama. Wannan cuta ta kansar hanta tana canja yanayin ƙwayoyin halitta sannan ta girmama su zuwa girman da za su fi ƙarfin sarrafuwa. A ƙasa akwai matsaloli daban-daban na hanta a jiki:
• Hepatitis
Abubakar, S. (2024), ya bayyana cutar hanta (hepatitis) da cewa, cutar ta da ke haifar da kumburin hanta. Cutar ta kasu kamar haka hepatitis A, B, da C. Bugu da ƙari, za a iya samun abubuwan da ba sa kamuwa da wannan cuta kamar kiba, rashin lafiya, kwayoyi, ko barasa.
• Cirrhosis
Wannan cuta ce da ke haifar da lahani na dogon lokaci ga hanta. Bugu da ƙari kuma, wannan cuta tana haifar da tabo na dindindin.
• Liver cancer
Akwai nau’ikan cutar kansar hanta. Mafi yawan nau’in ciwon daji shi ne ciwon hanta. Wannan ciwon daji kusan yana faruwa ne bayan cirrhosis.
• Liver failure
cututtuka da cututtukan ƙwayoyin bakteriya, da yawan shan barasa na iya haifar da gazawar hanta.
• Gallstones
Wani lokaci, dutsen gallstone yakan zama tarko ko kuma ya makale a cikin bututun bile, wannan yana haifar da ciwon hanta nau’in (cholangitis).
• Hemochromatosis
Hemochromatosis cuta ce da ke haddasa shigar ƙarfe a cikin hanta. Sakamakon haka yana janyo asarar rayuka kuma yana haifar da wasu matsalolin lafiya daban-daban.
Kariya daga cutar hanta
Cin abinci mai ɗauke da sinadaran da suke wanke hanta yana kare ta daga kamuwa da cuttuka. Sannan kuma jiki da ita kanta hantar suna kare ta daga cututtukan wasu lokutan ma takan yaƙi cutar da kanta ta hanyar garkuwar da take samarwa. Ga jerin nau’ukan abincin da za a ci domin tallafawa hanta ta zauna lafiya:
• Ganyayyaki
Rukunin ganyayyaki koraye masu duhu da kuma na’ukan lemuka masu launin ruwan-ɗorawa, ruwan-hoda, jajayen ‘ya’yan itatuwa da sauransu. A wannan rukuni za a samu alayyaho, ugu, shuwaka, lemon zaƙi, mangwaro, da sauransu.
Nau’in abinci
Abinciccika masu ɗaci-ɗaci kamar irin su lemon taba-taba, latas, da sauransu suma suna taimakawa wajen wanke hanta.
Ciyayi
Ciyayi irin su tafarnuwa, albasa da dangoginsu suma suna bayar da gudunmawa wajen zaman hanta lafiya.
Lemo
Shan lemon tsami a cikin ruwan ɗumi yana taimakawa wajen wanke hanta.
Motsa jiki
Ayyukan motsa jiki na yau da kullum za su taimaka wajen inganta lafiyar gabaɗaya ga kowace gaɓa, ciki har da hanta.
Kauce wa jima’i barkatai
Yin amfani da robar kariya da kauce wa yin jima’i barkatai na taimakawa wajen guje wa cututtukan hanta da ake ɗauka ta hanyar jima’i kamar hepatitis C.
Allurar riga-kafi
Yana da muhimmanci musamman lokacin tafiya, a yi riga-kafin da ya dace daga hepatitis A da B, da cututtuka kamar zazzabin cizon sauro da yellow fiver, waɗanda ke tsiro a cikin hanta.
Muhimmancin hantar dabbobi
Akwai muhimman sinadaran abinci a cikin hanta. Daga ciki akwai: Sinadarin Bitamin A, Bitamin B; B1, B2, B3, B6 da B9. Sai kuma sinadaran Furotin, kwafa (Copper), ayon (Iron), zin (Zinc) folik asid (Folic Acid) da sauransu.
Amfani hantar dabbobi ga jiki
Hanta a matsayin abinci tana wadata jiki da abubuwa da dama. A cewar kafar Rumbun Ilimi, daga cikin amfanin hanta ga jiki akwai:
- Tana adana sinadarin Bitamin, sukari, da ayon waɗanda ke taimawa jiki ya samu ƙarfi da kuzari.
- Tana samar da sinadarin da yake tsayar da jini daga zuba idan aka samu rauni.
- Tana sarrafa samuwar da kuma fitar da sandararren sinadarin jini (Cholesterol).
- Tana samar da garkuwan jiki tare da fitar da ƙwayoyin halitta na bakteria domin jiki ya samu damar kare kansa daga ɗaukar cuta.
- Tana fitar sinadarin bile ta kuma riƙe sinadarin gina jiki tare da taimakawa wajen narkar da abinci.
- Samar da lafiyar fatar jiki da ƙara wa idanuwa gani musamman da daddare.
- Haɓɓaka garkuwan jiki (Immune).
- Tana haɓɓaka ƙwayoyin halitta (Cells).
- Samar da jan sinadarin jini.
- Samar da lafiyar jijiyoyi.
- Tace dattin cikin jini ta mayar da shi fitsari.
- Tana taimaka wa ƙwaƙwalwa da damatsu su yi aiki.
- Tana taimaka wa ƙashi, gaɓɓai, fata, gashi (Suma) da faratu (Ƙumba) su zauna lafiya.
Manazarta
Abubakar, S. (2024, August 5). Ciwon hanta (Hipatitis) | Bakandamiya. Bakandamiya.
Columbia Surgery. (n.d.). The liver and its functions. Columbia Surgery
Rumbun Ilimi. (n.d.). Hanta. Rumbun Ilimi
Toppr-guides (2021, October 12). Liver: Functions, liver disease, symptoms of liver cancer. Toppr Guides