Mafitsara

Mafitsara wata gaɓa ce mai ɗan zurfi, da ke miƙe a ɓangaren ƙasan ciki, wacce take adana fitsari kafin ya fita daga jiki ta cikin hanyar fitsari. Mafitsara wani ɓangare ne na na’urar sarrafa fitsari. Ƙoda na haɗa fitsari, yayin da ureters suke tura fitsarin zuwa cikin mafitsara, wato bladder. Mafitsara tana adana fitsari ne har zuwa lokacin da zai fita daga jiki ta cikin hanyar urethra.

Ga yawancin mutane mafitsara tana iya ɗaukar milliliters 500 zuwa 700 na yawan fitsari. Lokacin da ake buƙatar yin fitsari, tsoka a cikin mafitsara tana ƙuntata ta takure, da kuma tsokar sphincter a cikin urethra, suna ba da damar fitar fitsari daga jiki.

Aikin mafitsara

Mafitsara tana riƙe fitsari. Ƙoda tana aikin tace jini tare da cire sinadarai kamar gishiri da ruwa da guba da sauran tarkace ta hanyar fitsari. Yayin da mafitsara ta cika da fitsari, tana faɗaɗa kamar balan-balan. Lokacin da ta cika da adadin milliliters 200 zuwa 350 na fitsari, jijiyoyi a cikinta suna sanar wa kwakwalwa cewa akwai buƙatar mutum ya yi fitsari. Idan aka yi fitsarin kuma mafitsara tana raguwa baya-baya a hankali. Yawancin mutane suna yin fitsari kusan milliliters 950 zuwa 1,900 kowace rana.

Muhallin mafitsara a jiki

Mafitsara tana a ɓangaren ciki daga ƙasa, a cewar Verywell Health. Wasu ƙwayoyin halittar tissues da ake kira da (ligaments) suna sada mafitsara zuwa ga wasu gaɓoɓin jiki da ƙashin kwankwaso.

A jikin maza da mutanen da aka dasawa jinsin namiji a lokacin haihuwa (AMAB), mafitsararsu tana a tsakanin ƙashin gaba da kuma dubura ta baya.

A jikin mata da mutanen da aka dasawa jinsin mace a lokacin haihuwa (AFAB), mafitsararsu na nan a gaban farji da mahaifa.

Ɓangarorin mafitsara

Akwai ɓangarorin da suka haɗu suka tayar da mafitsara, waɗannan bangarori guda hudu ne, a yadda shafin yanar gizon Cleveland Clinic ya bayyana, su ne kamar haka:

• Dome, shi ne ɓangaren gaba-gaba na mafitsara. Yana nuni zuwa ga bangon ciki.
• Base, bade shi ne ɓangaren baya na mafitsara, wanda kuma ake kira da fundus.
• Body, jikin mafitsara ya ƙunshi ɓangare tsakanin dome da base.
• Neck, wuyan mafitsara yana tare da gindin mafitsara. Tarin tsoka ce wadda ke haɗuwa da urethra.

Siffar mafitsara

Mafitsara launin hoda-hoda ce mai duhu. Tana da kusan tsawon inci 2 lokacin da babu fitsari a cikinta, amma tana iya mikewa zuwa tsawon inci 6 idan ta cika ta da fitsari. Ta ƙunshi manyan shimfiɗu (layers) har guda uku:

• Urothelium. Wannan shi ne rufin ciki na mafitsara wanda ke hana fitsari zubowa a jiki.
• Lamina propria (submucosa). Lamina propria wata siririyar shimfiɗa ce mai  sako-sako ta ƙwayar halittar tissues. Ta ƙunshi wasu sinadaran furotin da jijiyoyin jini da sauran jijiyoyi.
• Muscularis propria. Wannan wata tsoka ce mai kauri da ke a wajen mafitsara. Ta ƙunshi sassa uku na tsoka mai laushi. Tsoka mai laushi ita ce wadda ke ɗaurewa da warware da kanta.

Ire-iren cutukan mafitsara

Akwai nau’ikan cututtukan mafitsara da yawa kamar yadda ya zo a shafin Narayana Health. Wasu daga cikinsu su ne:

• Cystitis

Kumburi ne na mafitsara wanda ke sa sashin jiki ya yi ja, yana haifar da wasu matsalolin lafiya daban-daban. Yana faruwa ne saboda yaɗuwar bakteriya da ke haifar da cututtuka daban-daban na mafitsara, waɗanda ke zama silar kumburin mafitsara. Mutumin da abin ya shafa ba zai iya yin fitsari cikin sauƙi ba, kuma zai riƙa jin zafi sosai yayin da yake fitsarin.

Cutar na faruwa ne lokacin da wani nau’in bakteriya suka shiga cikin hanyar fitsari. Bakteriyar suna fara girma idan ba a yi musu magani ba a lokacin da ya dace. Jima’i ba tare da kariya ba yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan hanyoyin da ke haifar da yaɗuwarta.

• Urinary incontinence

Wani yanayi ne wanda ciwon mafitsara ke sa mutum ya gaza sarrafa mafitsararsa. Mutumin da abin ya shafa ba zai iya riƙe fitsari ba, a wasu lokutan fitsarin kan zubo kafin ya isa banɗaki. Za a iya magance yanayin tare da taimakon magunguna da kuma motsa jiki daban-daban.

Wannan cuta na faruwa saboda matsalolin lafiya kamar toshewar hanji, da duwatsun mafitsara da sauran batutuwa makamantan haka. Irin waɗannan yanayi na iya toshe hanyoyin fitsari wanda kan haifar da zafi yayin yin fitsari.

• Overactive bladder

Ciwon mafitsara ne wanda mafitsara ke matsewa da kanta, kuma yana sa mutum ya rika yin fitsari akai-akai. Mutumin da abin ya shafa ba zai iya samun sukunin zama lafiya da rayuwa mai daɗi ba.

Ciwon sukari da cututtukan jijiya da ƙoda da bladder stones har ma da yawan shan ruwa ba bisa tsari ba su ne manyan abubuwan da ke haifar da wannan cuta ta yawan fitsaru. Waɗannan dalilai na iya sa mutum ya riƙa yin fitsari akai-akai, kuma yana iya sa mutum ya farka fiye da sau uku a cikin dare.

• Bladder cancer

Samuwar kwayoyin halitta masu cutar kansa a cikin rufin mafitsara na haifar da kansar mafitsarar. Haka nan ana lissafta wannan a cikin jerin gwanon cututtukan mafitsara. Kwayoyin cutar kansar suna iya yaɗuwa zuwa ƙoda da mahaifa saboda haɗuwar dukkan gaɓoɓin don adanawa da fitar da fitsari.

Alamomin matsalar mafitsara

Akwai alamomin gama gari da na yau da kullum ko alamomin yanayi waɗanda za su iya shafar mafitsara sun haɗa da:

• Gazawar mafitsara
• Jin zafi yayin fitsari
• Fitsari fiye da kima
• Jin raguwar fitsari a cikin mafitsara
• Fitsari mai ƙarfi ko wari
• Ciwo a lokacin jima’i (dyspareunia).

Hanyoyin gwaje-gwaje

Masana ilimin kiwon lafiya suna amfani da gwaje-gwaje da yawa don ganin yadda mafitsara ke aiki da gano matsalolinta. Masanan na iya ba da shawarar:

• Urinalysis

A wannan gwajin za a bukaci mutum ya yi fitsari a wani mazubi, ma’aikacin lafiya zai bincika wasu sinadarai da ƙananun halittu.

• Urine culture

Za a yi fitsari a cikin wani kofi na musamman, ma’aikacin lafiya zai gwada fitsarin don gano ƙwayoyin cuta ko sinadarin yis.

• Imaging tests (Ɗaukar hoto)

Wannan gwaji ne da ake na ɗaukar hoton  mafitsara don gano cutuka. Yana iya haɗawa da amfani na’urar magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) ko kuma ultrasound.

• Cytology

Wannan gwajin ya haɗa da tattara kwayoyin halitta daga cikin mafitsara a bincika su don gano alamomin ciwon kansar mafitsara.

• Cystoscopy

Wannan kuma hanya ce ta amfani da wani siririn bututu marar kauri da ke da kyamara a ƙarshensa (cystoscope), wanda ake duba cikin mafitsara.

• Urodynamic

Wannan gwaji ya ƙunshi gwaje-gwaje daban-daban da yawa waɗanda ke auna yadda mafitsara da sauran sassan sashinta ke adanawa da fitar da fitsari.

• Biopsy

A wannan gwajin kuwa, ma’aikacin lafiya zai dauki samfurin cells da tissues da ruwa daga mafitsara, sai ya duba su a dakin gwaje-gwaje. Ma’aikatan lafiya yawanci suna ba da damar yin gwajin biopsy don gano ko kawar da ciwon kansar mafitsara.

Hanyoyin magance matsalolin mafitsara

Maganin mafitsara ya dogara da alamomin cutar a jikin mutum da kuma fahimtar asali ga ma’aikacin kiwon lafiya. Hanyoyin magance matsalolin mafitsara na gama gari na iya haɗawa da:

• Magunguna, sun haɗa da magungunan riga-kafi
• Sauya tsari da nau’ikan abinci
• Sauya yanayin halayya
• Kula da mafitsara
• Aikin tiyata

Shan ruwa yana taimaka wa mafitsara

Ya dogara da yanayin mafitsara. Ruwa yana da mahimmanci wajen fitar da tarkace da bakteriya masu cutarwa daga magudanar fitsari, shan ruwa mai yawa na iya taimakawa wajen fitar da fitsari. Yawaitar fitsari na iya fusatar da mafitsara tare da ta’azzarar mumman yanayi. Ma’aikacin lafiya zai iya ba da shawarar adadin ruwan da ya kamata a sha.

Abubuwa masu haɗari ga mafitsara

Akwai nau’ikan abubuwan da ake sha masu haɗari ga mafitsara, musamman ga masu lalurar mafitsara. Abubuwan sun haɗa da:

• Barasa
• Sinadarin kofi (coffee)
• Sinadaran carbonate masu guba
• shayi
• Ruwan ‘ya’yan itace mai ɗauke da sinadarin acidic da ruwan lemo da ruwan lemon inibi da ruwan lemon abarba da ruwan lemon tsami.
• Ruwan lemon tumatir
• Miya mai tsananin zafi
• Da kuma sinadarin vinegar

Bitamin masu taimaka wa mafitsara

• Bitamin C

Vitamin C daga cikin abinci da abin sha na iya taimakawa rage matsalar zubar fitsari na bazata. Ingantattun hanyoyin samun wannan bitamin sun haɗa da ‘ya’yan itatuwa da barkono da ganyen broccoli da wasu ganyayyaki. Sai dai kuma yawan sinadiran bitamin C na iya ba da gudummawa ga wata matsalar.

• Bitamin D

Mutane da yawa suna samun bitamin D daga lokacin faɗuwar rana, amma kuma za a iya samun shi daga abubuwan kiwo kifi da ƙwai.

Yana da muhimmanci a tuntuɓi likita kafin fara amfani da ƙarin sinadaran bitamin don tabbatar da cewa ba su da illa ga lafiya.

Manazarta

Bsn, R. Z., RN. (2024, June 14). What the Bladder Does and Where It’s Located. Verywell Health.

Narayana Health. (n.d.). Bladder disorders, causes, symptoms and treatment. Narayana Health.

Professional, C. C. M. (2024b, May 1). Bladder. Cleveland Clinic.