Zafi yanayi ne daga cikin ire-iren yanayin da ake da su a duniya, yanayi mai wuyar sha’ani ta fuskoki da dama. A lokacin zafi mutane kan sha fama da zufa da rana ko dare a wasu lokutan ma har da safe akan ji zafin idan ya yi tsanani.
Hukumar NiMET ta ce, sakamakon yanayin tsananin zafi – na maki 41 da aka fuskanta a mafi yawan jihohin arewacin ƙasar, da kuma maki 39 da aka fuskanta a jihohin kudancin ƙasar – zafin zai iya ci gaba da ƙaruwa cikin kwanaki masu zuwa.
Adadin zafin da jikin mutum zai iya dauka
Wani sabon bincike ya nuna cewa hatta yara za su iya mutuwa bayan sun kasance a cikin yanayin zafi da ya kai maki 35 a ma’aunin selshiyos tsawon sa’a shida idan akwai danshi a iska (Humidity) da ya kai kashi 100 cikin 100. Mutum zai iya samun bugun zuciya ko ya rasa ransa idan ya yi tsawon sa’a shida a cikin yanayin zafi da ya kai maki 35 a ma’aunin Celcius kuma idan danshin iska ya kai kaso 100 cikin 100.
Masana kimiyya sun gano kololuwar yanayin zafin da danshin iska (Humidity) da jikin dan Adam zai iya rayuwa yayin da yanayin zafin duniya yake ci gaba da karuwa. Ko da yara masu lafiya za su rasa ransu bayan yin sa’a shida a yanayin zafi da ya kai maki 35 a ma’aunin Celcius tare da danshin iska (Humidity) da ya kai kaso 100 cikin 100, amma wani sabon nazari yana cewa adadin zai iya yin kasa sosai.
Muhimmin matakin wanda yake faruwa a ma’aunin maki 35 na Celsius wanda ke kira da sunan “Web bulb temperature” wato adadin yanayin zafi da yake hadari ga rayuwa, kuma an kai wannan mataki a lokuta da dama galibi a Kudancin Asiya da yankin Tekun Fasha. A wannan mataki gumi, wato babban abin da ke sanya wa da zafin jiki ya sauka, wanda ba ya busar da ruwan da ke jikin fata, wanda daga nan yake jawo bugun zuciya sanadin tsananin zafin yanayi, sai kuma wasu sassan jiki su daina aiki daga nan kuma sai asarar rai.
Yanayin zafi da ke hadari da rayuwa
A rubuce dan Adam ba zai iya rayuwa sama da maki 35 na ma’aunin Celcius (web bulb temperature) na zafi mara iska da kuma danshin iska (Humidity) kaso 100 cikin 100 – ko kuma maki 46 na ma’aunin Celcius idan danshin iska ya kai kaso 50 cikin 100.
Wadanda suka fi shiga haɗari
- Yara kanana ne suka fi fada wa hadarin saboda yadda suke da rauni wajen daidaita yanayin zafin jikinsu. Yara ba sa iya daidaita yanayin zafin jikinsu, abin da ke jefa su cikin babban hadari.
- Tsofaffi ba sa yin zufa sosai, kuma su ne suka fi rauni. Kusan kaso 90 cikin 100 na mutanen da suka mutu sanadin zafi a Turai a 2023 akwai tsofaffi da suka wuce shekara 65.
- Mutane da suke aiki a cikin rana yayin da yanayi ya yi zafi su ma suna cikin barazanar fada wa hadarin sosai.
Cutukan da ke yaɗuwa da zafi
A duk lokacin da yanayin zafi ya tunkaro, wasu yankunan Kudu da Hamadar Sahara, akan samu sauye-sauye da dama da ke da alaƙa da yanayin irin sauyin da ke janyo bazuwar wasu cutuka tsakanin al’umma. Lokacin da zafi ya shigo, yawancin abubuwan na sauyawa, kamar tsarin cin abinci da shan ruwa, wanda kuma hakan ke sanya hatsarin kamuwa da cututtuka masu yawa a wannan lokacin.
Likitoci sun yi bayani cewa, mafi akasarin cututtukan da za a iya ɗauka a lokacin zafin, cutuka ne da za a iya kauce wa kamuwa da su. Yanayi na zafi na sa gajiya da ƙishirwa, tare da ƙona ruwan jiki. Don haka jiki na buƙatar abincin da abin sha mai sanyi wanda zai sa a maƙutar da ruwan da ke ƙonewa a kuma sami yanayi mai sanyi.
Zazzabin Maleriya
Maleriya, Zazzabi ne da sauro ke yadawa, kuma shi sauro ya fi samun sake a lokacin zafi, inda yake ci gaba da hayayyafa, sakamkon saken da yake samu. Idan lokacin zafi ya zo zai baza komarsa, inda yake cin karensa babu babbaka, wajen takura wa mutane da cizo, wanda hakan ne kuma ke janyo yaduwar cutar Maleriya.
Farankama
Cuta ce da galibi ke kama kananan yara sakamakon zafin da fatar jikinsu ke dauka a lokacin zafi. Bincike ya nuna yawanci rashin wadatacciyar iska ne ke janyo cutar. Farankama wasu nau’in kuraje ne masu zafi da ke kama fatar kananan yara, wanda a wasu lokuta ma sukan janyo wa yaran zazzabi.
Sankarau
Sankarau wata nau’in cuta ne da ke kama mutane, musamman a lokacin zafi. Mafi akasari abin da ke haddasa cutar shi ne rashin wadatacciyr iska a cikin dakunan kwanan mutane, kamar yadda likitoci suka yi bayani. Cuta ce da ke sanya wani sashe na jiki yin ciwo, ko ya sankare sakamakon rashin gudanar iska a cikin jikin dan’adam.
Sauran matsalolin da za a iya fuskanta sakamakon yanayin zafin sun haɗa da ciwon jiki, zazzaɓi da bushewar leɓɓa da cutukan da ke da alaƙa da numfanshi da sauran cutukan da ke da alaƙa da zafi.
Hukumar kula da yanayi ta ƙasa NiMET ta yi gargaɗin cewa wannan yanayi na barazana ga kamuwa da cutuka kamar ƙuraje farankama, da kyanda da kuma ƙurajen zafi.
Shawarwari
Hukumar NiMET ta zayyano wasu shawarwari da ta ce za su taimaka wa mutane wajen kula da lafiyarsu musamman a wannan lokaci na zafi. Cikin wani saƙo da hukumar ta wallafa shafinta na X ta ce waɗannan shawarwarin za su taimaka wa mutane don kauce wa kamuwa da cutuka a lokacin zafi. Shawarwarin da hukumar ta bayyana sun haɗar da:
- Yawaita shan ruwa
- Fakewa a inuwa
- Amfani da fanka
- Sanya tufafi marasa nauyi
- Kauce wa shiga tsakar rana
Haka nan mutane su rika kokarin tsaftace unguwanninsu, musamman kwatoci ta yadda ruwa ba zai taru ba, don kauce wa yaduwar sauro.
Kazalika akwai bukatar mutane su rika kunna fanko a dakunan kwanansu, ko su rika bude tagogin dakunansu ta yadda iska za ta samu damar shiga dakunan.
Manazarta
Kuthunur, S. (2023, September 16). NASA confirms summer 2023 was Earth’s hottest on record. Space.com.
Omorogbe, P. (2024, February 14). NiMET warns high temperatures will persist, issues weather advisory. Tribune Online.