Farfesa Abdullahi Ahmad na ABU Zariya ya kirkiro sabon hasashe (Gbobeism)

Gbobeism, Wave Theory of Speech Acts (GBOWATSA), sabon hasashe ne a fannin ilimin harshe da nazarin magana da aka gabatar a Jami’ar Ahmadu Bello (ABU), Zariya, a ranar 4 ga Satumba, 2025. Farfesa Abdullahi Ahmad daga Sashen Turanci da Nazarin Adabi ne ya assasa wannan hasashe. Gbobeism yana kallon magana a matsayin wani ƙarfi mai kama da igiyar ruwa, wato kalmomi suna yaɗuwa su yi tasiri sosai a kan masu sauraro fiye da lokacin da aka faɗe su da wurin da aka yi su.

An gabatar da wannan sabon hasashe (theory) na ilimi a Babban Ɗakin Taro na Abdullahi Smith Lecture Theatre, taron ya kasance wani ginshiƙin tarihi da ya sake farfaɗo da al’adar tattaunawa da muhawarar ilimi a jami’ar, kuma ya tunatar da tsohuwar al’adar nazari da gabatar da sabbin tunani a tsakanin malamai da ɗalibai.

Ma’anar Gbobeism

Kalmar ‘GBOBEISM’ ta samo asali daga garin Gbobe na jihar Kogi, kuma ta bi tsarin da ake amfani da shi wajen ba wa sabbin ra’ayoyin ilimi suna kamar Darwinism ko Marxism.

A mahangar wannan hasashe, magana ba kalmomi na yau da kullum ba ne kawai, tana da ƙarfi mai kama da igiyar ruwa wanda ke iya sauya tunanin mutane da tasiri a kan halaye da zamantakewa. Gbobeism ya ginu ne a kan tsohon tunanin J. L. Austin game da Speech Acts Theory, amma ya fi mayar da hankali ga ɓangaren perlocutionary effects; wato illolin magana da sakamakon da take haifarwa, sawa’un a nan take ko a nan gaba.

Gbobeism, hasashe ne a fannin ilimin harshe wanda ke nazarin yadda furuci da maganganu ke yaɗuwa da shafar mutane da al’umma gabaɗaya. Gbobeism ya bayyana cewa magana ba kawai hanyar isar da bayanai ba ce, har ila yau tana da ƙarfin haifar da tasiri a zamantakewa, tunani, da halaye kamar yadda igiyoyin ruwa ke yaɗuwa daga tushe zuwa nesa. Wannan yana nuna cewa furuci yana da ma’ana mai zurfi wanda ba a ganowa da farko, kuma tasirinsa na iya bayyana nan da nan ko bayan lokaci mai tsawo.

Muhimman manufofin Gbobeism

Gbobeism yana da manufofi guda huɗu masu mahimmanci. Farfesa Ahmad ya fayyace manyan manufofin Wave Theory of Speech Acts kamar haka:

1. Bayyana yadda kalmomi ke yaɗuwa fiye da wajen da aka furta su.
2. Nuna yadda sakamakon magana ke yaɗuwa kamar igiyar ruwa a zukatan al’umma, musamman daga jagororin siyasa, addini da al’adu.
3. Haskaka dangantaka tsakanin iko, magana da zamantakewa, da yadda ake ɗaukar magana a matsayin ƙa’ida ko gaskiya.
4. Tunatar da al’umma game da hatsarin sakaci wajen amfani da harshe, domin kalmomi kan iya haifar da sakamako mai faɗi wanda bai yi daidai da ƙuduri ba.

Nau’ukan furuci a Gbobeism

Gbobeism ya rarraba furuci zuwa nau’uka uku da tasirin su:

Macrostatements

• Manyan furuci da shuwagabanni, malamai, ko mutane masu tasiri ke yi.
• Misali: jawabin shugaban ƙasa, wa’azin malami, ko sanarwar majalisa.
• Tasirinsu yana yaɗuwa ne kai tsaye kuma a hankali, har ma yana iya haifar da canjin ƙa’ida, ra’ayi, ko al’ada.

Micropronouncements

• Ƙananan furuci daga mutane masu tasiri kaɗan.
• Misali: shawara daga mai aikin al’umma, rubutu a jarida, ko tsokaci a kafafen sada zumunta.
• Suna karfafa ko tabbatar da macrostatements, suna ba da hujja ko misalai.

Metastatements

• Furuci mai tushe, wanda aka rubuta ko an kafa shi a matsayin dokoki, addini, ko littattafai.
• Misali: dokoki na ƙasa, littafin addini, ko tsarin ilimi.
• Yana aiki a matsayin tushen dogaro da misali ga sauran statements.

Muhawarar da ta biyo baya

Bayan gabatarwar, an buɗe babin tambaya da amsa wanda ya zama wuri na muhawarar ilimi mai zafi. Wasu daga cikin mahalarta sun yi jayayya kan ko hasashe ya dace a kira shi da suna “theory” ko kuma “model” a wannan mataki. Wasu kuma sun yaba da cewa yana da amfani wajen nazarin maganganun ’yan siyasa a Najeriya. Ɗaliban digiri na biyu da na uku, sauran malamai, da ɗaliban digirin farko duk sun shiga cikin wannan tattaunawa.

• Mataimakin Shugaban Jami’a (Harkokin Gudanarwa), Farfesa Bello Sabo, ya bayyana wannan da cewa:

“Wannan nagartacciyar alama ce ga jami’ar da ke haska cewa, al’adar tambaya da muhawara na ci gaba da wanzuwa a ABU.”

Har ila yau, ya yi alƙawarin cewa jami’ar za ta fara rikodin tare da adana irin waɗannan sabbin hasashe a fannoni daban-daban domin a samu tarihinsu nan gaba.

Ra’ayoyin wasu mahalarta

Masana da ɗalibai da suka halarci wannan taro sun bayyana ra’ayoyi bambanta:

• Dr. Muhammad Awwal (Sashen Turanci)

“Wannan hasashe gudummawa ce ta Afirka ga ilimi a duniya. Kowanne sabon tunani kan fara da ɗan rauni kafin a inganta shi.”

• Muhammad Imam Yusuf (Sashen Turanci)

“A halin yanzu hasashen samfuri ne da ake kira (model), amma da ƙarin bincike zai iya zama ƙaƙƙarfan theory.”

• Dr. James Andokari Zaku (Dean, School of Undergraduate Studies, FCE Zaria)

“Ba kawai yunƙuri ba ne, GBOBEISM tsari ne na gaske. Da kulawa, zai iya sauya fahimtar yadda muke nazarin magana.”

Alfanun Gbobeism ga ilimi da al’umma

• Gbobeism ya sake jawo hankalin al’umma kan tasirin harshe a siyasa, addini, da rayuwar yau da kullum.
• Yana ƙarfafa cewa, magana tana da ƙarfi fiye da yadda ake tsammani.
• Masu jagoranci su lura da tasirin kalmominsu/zantukansu a kan mabiyansu.
• Malamai da ɗalibai su ci gaba da bincike don inganta ra’ayin, domin ya zama gudummawar Afirka ga ilimin duniya.
• Gbobeism ya ɗaga darajar tattaunawa a Jami’ar Ahmadu Bello, kuma yana nuna cewa nahiyar Afirka na da gudummawar ilimi mai zaman kanta ga duniya.

Hanyoyin yaɗuwar furuci

• Kafafen watsa labarai
• Majalisu ko tattaunawa
• Social media, TV, da rediyo

Takaitaccen tarihin Farfesa Abdullahi Ahmad

Farfaesa Abdullahi Ahmad ɗaya ne daga cikin manyan masana ilimin harshe a Najeriya waɗanda suka bayar da gudummawa wajen haɓaka ilimi da bincike a Jami’ar Ahmadu Bello (ABU) Zariya. A ranar 4 ga Satumba, 2025, an gudanar da babban bikin ƙaddamar da sabon hasashen ƙa’idar harshe da ya ƙirƙiro, wato Gbobeism: The Wave Theory of Speech Acts (GBOWATSA), a dakin taro na Abdullahi Smith Lecture Theatre. Wannan bikin ya ja hankalin masana, malamai, dalibai da jami’an gudanarwa, inda aka yaba masa saboda irin hazaƙa da juriya da ya nuna a fannin bincike da koyarwa.

Haihuwa da neman ilimi

Prof. Abdullahi Ahmad an haife shi a Samaru, Zariya a ranar 15 ga Yuni, 1966. Ya fito daga gida mai daraja a yankin, inda ya tashi cikin al’adu da mutumtaka. Ya fara karatun firamare a ABU Staff School, Samaru (1972–1977) sannan ya wuce Barewa College, Zariya (1977–1982) domin karatun sakandare.

Bayan haka, ya shiga Jami’ar Ahmadu Bello (ABU), Zariya, inda ya yi digiri na farko a Fannin Turanci (B.A. English, 1982–1985). Ya ci gaba da karatu a wannan jami’a, ya samu M.A. a 1990 da kuma PhD a 2005 a fannin Turanci, inda ya zurfafa a nazarin ilimin harshe da adabi.

Ayyukan koyarwa

Prof. Abdullahi Ahmad ya fara aikin koyarwa a matsayin Graduate Assistant a Sashen Turanci na Jami’ar Ahmadu Bello (ABU) Zariya a shekarar 1987. Daga wannan matsayi mai sauƙi, ya yi hobbasa wajen haɓaka kansa da kuma bada gudummawa ga cigaban ɗalibai da jami’a.

A hankali, ya hau matakai daban-daban na aikin koyarwa: daga Assistant Lecturer zuwa Lecturer II, sannan zuwa Lecturer I. Daga baya aka ɗaga shi zuwa matsayin Senior Lecturer saboda fitattun bincike da wallafe-wallafen da ya yi. A ƙarshe, ya zama Farfaesa (Professor), wanda ya tabbatar da darajarsa a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin manyan masana fannin harshe a Najeriya.

Ayyukansa sun shafi fannoni da dama na ilimin harshe, ciki har da:

• Nazarin harshe da zamantakewa (sociolinguistics)
• Nazarin aikin magana (speech act theory)
• Adabin Turanci da na Afirka
• Harshe da hulɗar al’adu

Gudummawar bincike da wallafe-wallafe

Prof. Ahmad ya yi rubuce-rubuce masu yawa a mujallu na ilimi, littattafai, da tarukan ƙasa da ƙasa. Ya gabatar da takardu a tarurruka da dama a Najeriya da waje, inda ya tattauna batutuwa kan ilimin harshe, nazarin adabi, da tsarin magana.

Ya rike muƙaman gudanarwa daban-daban, kuma mamba ne a ƙungiyoyin ƙwararru irin su:

• Linguistic Association of Nigeria (LAN)
• English Scholars Association of Nigeria (ESAN)
• African Pragmatics Association (AfPrA)

Farfesa Ahmad a ƙarshe ya jaddada cewa, GBOBEISM ba wai samfurin hasashe ba ne kawai, theory ne da za a ci gaba da inganta shi. Manufar ita ce kawo sabon abu a fagen ilimin harshe da zai taimaka wa malamai da ɗalibai wajen nazarinsu. Suka abin maraba ce, domin su ne hanyar da bincike ke tasowa.

Manazarta

Admin. (2025b, September 6). Unveiling of ABU Professor’s New Linguistic Theory – GBOBEISM, Reignites Varsity’s Culture of Academic Interrogation. Education Monitor News.

Reporter, O. (2025, September 4). New Linguistics Theory GBobeism: Application to ‘Things Fall Apart’ as Ahmad presents public lecture today at ABU.The Dream Daily.

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An wallafa maƙalar 4 September, 2025

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