Wata shi ne babban tauraro ɗaya tilo kuma na dindindin a duniya, shi ne mafi kusanci ga duniya. Babu wata duniyar da ke da tauraron dan’adam mai girma idan aka kwatanta da girmansa.
Samuwar wata
Staff, S (2021), sun bayyana cewa, akwai ra’ayoyi daban-daban na yadda wata ya samu a sama. Ra’ayin da masana kimiyya suka fi yarda da shi, shi ne, an samu wata ta sanadiyyar wani babban dutse da ake kira ‘Theia’. Wato masana kimiyyar sararin samaniya sun aminta da cewa, wata ya samu ne lokacin da wani dutse mai girman Mars ya afko cikin duniya, jim kaɗan bayan tsarin solar system ya fara samuwa, kimanin shekaru biliyan 4.5 da suka wuce.
Lokacin da rana ta fara fitowa a cikin taurari, ƙura da iskar gas da suka ragu sun tashi a sararin samaniyarta. Duniya da sauran duniyoyi sun samu ne daga wannan gajimare na abubuwan da suka cure suka dunƙule. Solar system ta kasance wuri mai matuƙar tashin hankali tare da yin karo tsakanin manyan abubuwa masu fasalin duwatsu.
Zance mafi shahara da karɓuwa game da halittar wata ya nuna cewa wani dutse mai tsayi, kamar girman Duniyar Mars ya fashe a cikin duniya, wanda ya jefa tarkace zuwa sararin samaniya. Karfin gravity ya jawo tarkacen dutsen ke kewaya duniya, wanda ya tattara ya zama wata.
Tawagar masu binciken Apollo na hukumar NASA, sun dawo da sama da kashi ɗaya bisa uku na ton ɗin dutse da ƙasa daga duniyar wata, wanda ya ba wa masana kimiyya damar fahimtar yadda watan ya samu.
Da a ce wata tun asali ya kasance a jerin duniyoyi kuma ya samu wuri a cikin solar system, to da watan da duniya da sun kasance suna da abubuwa mabanbanta. Amma kuma, masana ilmin taurari sun gano cewa abubuwan da ke tattare da wata da duniya suna kama da juna, suna nuna tarihin da ke da alaƙa a tsakaninsu.
Girma da nauyin wata
Tsawon wata ya kai kilomita 3476, wannan yana nufin cewa zai iya dacewa da kusan watanni huɗu a fadin diamita na duniyar earth. Nauyin wata yana da kilogiram 7.35 x 10^22, wanda hakan ke nuna duniya ta fi wata girma sau 81. Wannan na bayyana cewa, misali, wanda zai iya tsalle har ƙafa 5 a duniya, zai iya tsalle ƙafa 30 a kan wtata.
Nisan wata daga duniyar earth
Watan yana kewaya duniya ne a tafiyar kilomita 384,000. Yana ɗaukar kwanaki 27 kafin ya kewaya duniyar gabaɗaya.
Shekarun wata
An yi ƙiyasta cewa wata ya samu a duniya shekaru biliyan 4.51 da suka wuce, wato ba da daɗewa ba bayan samuwar duniyar earth.
Nauyin abubuwa a duniyar wata
Duk da cewa duniya da wata duk suna da girma sosai, amma wata ya fi ƙanƙanta, don haka ƙarfinsa ba zai kai na duniya ba. Duk wani abu a duniyar wata zai yi ƙasa da nauyinsa sau shida a duniyarmu ta earth.
Yanayi a duniyar wata
Saboda rashin samuwar kowane irin yanayi, yanayin duniyar wata yana bambanta tsakanin -180°C da +110°C. Watan yana da ƙarancin kariya daga iskar hasken rana da hasken sararin samaniya, don haka ba abin mamaki ba ne cewa babu wani nau’in halitta a wurin.
Dalilin ganin wata a lokacin rana
Wannan abin mamaki musamman a tsakanin yara cewa ana ganin taurari da wata da daddare kuma ana ganin su da rana. Dalili kuwa shi ne taurari da wata koyaushe suna sama, amma ganin nasu da rana ya danganta da muhallin ko nahiyar da ake a duniya da kuma yanayin shekara, ba za su kasance sama da sararin sama ba.
A cikin yini, hasken rana, wanda ya warwatsu da yanayin duniya, yana nutsar da taurarin da suka fi sama. Wato ba za a iya ganin su ba. sai an yi amfani da kayan aikin kimiyya da na’urori. Duk da haka, kasancewar wata yana kusa da haske fiye da taurari masu nisa, ana iya ganin shi sau da yawa a lokacin rana. Mafi kusantar lokacin da za a iya lura da shi a cikin yini shi ne lokacin da watan ya ɗan yi girma, watau ya kai girman ɗaya bisa huɗunsa.
A wannan lokacin wata yana haskakawa sosai har a iya gani, ba kamar sabon wata ba, wanda yana da nisa da rana a sararin samaniya. Kamar yadda zai faru a sabon wata ko kuma jinjirin wata, amma ba a gefe ɗaya na sararin samaniya ba, don haka sai ya bayyana lokacin da rana ta faɗi kamar yadda yake faruwa ga cikakken wata.
Duwatsu a duniyar wata
Akwai abin mamaki sosai game da abubuwan da ke cikin sararin samaniya na dubban shekaru. Ƙayyade girman abu a sararin samaniya da nisansa da yawansa, na iya ba wa masana kimiyya damar fahimtar abin da za a iya yi da shi. Kaɗan daga cikin abubuwan sararin samaniya ne aka iya riska ta hanyar binciken na’ura mai sarrafa kanta. Kuma kaɗan ne suka iya dawowa da wasu abubuwa ƙalilan zuwa duniyarmu.
Sakamakon binciken Apollo, an tattara kusan 380kg na duwatsun wata kai tsaye daga samaniya. An kuma tattara ƙarin gram ɗari, kaɗan daga abin da na’urar bincike mai sarrafa kanta ta samo. A karshe, an gano wasu da dama da suka sauka a doron ƙasa, cewa sun samo asali ne daga duniyar wata.
Binciken da aka yi daga nesa da kuma nazarin waɗannan samfurori duwatsu sun nuna cewa duwatsun cikin wata sun yi kamanceceniya da na duniyar earth. Wannan yana nuni da cewa watakila wata ya samu ne daga abu ɗaya da duniya. Mai yiyuwa wata ya samu ne kai tsaye daga duniya ta hanyar tsaffin tarkacen da aka samu a can zamunan baya.
Abubuwan da ke cikin wata sun zama ababen binciken ilimi da nazari har a yau ɗin nan. Har ila yau dai za a iya samun ƙarin bincike, yayin da hanyoyin binciken ke canjawa da inganta, sannan kuma ana ƙara koyo game da sararin samaniya da abubuwan da ta ƙunsa.
Doron ƙasa a duniyar wata
Shafin Royal Museums Greenwich, ya wallafa bayanin yadda yanayin doron ƙasa na duniyar wata yake da cewa, yana da yankuna masu tsaunuka da ‘maria’ mai duhu ko tekuna. Siffar ɗana’dam da ke cikin wata, ta samu ne daga ƙarfin waɗannan nau’ikan ƙasa guda biyu. Maria na da babban ɓangare waɗanda aka cika da duwatsun basaltic kimanin shekaru miliyan 3000 da suka wuce.
Mafi yawan sararin samaniyar wata an rufe ta da ramuka, waɗannan suka kasance sakamakon tasirin meteorites ne. Mafi girma yana da kusan kilomita 200 a diamita, mafi ƙanƙanta yana da kusan mita ɗaya kawai. Yawancin waɗannan ramuka sun kafu ne tsakanin shekaru miliyan 3000 zuwa 4000 da suka wuce.
Amurkawa sun sauka a duniyar wata sau shida. Lokaci na farko shi ne a watan Yuli 1969, kuma na ƙarshe shi ne a cikin Disamba 1972. Yawancin ilimi game da tsarin yanayin duniyar wata ya samu ne daga dawowar jerin tawagar Apollo da samfuran abubuwa da suka dawo da su zuwa duniya.
Wasu muhimman bayanai game da wata
- Wata hi ne tauraro na biyar mafi girma a cikin solar system, kuma mafi girma a tsakanin tauraron dan’adam dangane da girman duniyar da yake kewayawa.
- A zahirin duniyar wata duhu ne.
Kodayake idan aka kwatanta da sararin samaniya yana bayyana da haske. Tasirin nauyinsa yana haifar da kaɗawar igiyar ruwa, da ƙara tsawaita yini. - Wata da rana ba girmansu daya ba, daga wannan duniyar, rana da wata kusan duka girmansu ɗaya ne ake gani. Amma a zahiri wata ya yi ƙasa da rana sau 400, haka kuma ya yi kusanci sau 400 a girma da duniyar earth.
- Wata yana sa duniya ta motsa har ma da igiyoyin ruwa, kowa ya san cewa wata yana da alhakin haifar da kaɗawar ruwan tekunan da ke a doron ƙasa, haka nan rana ma tana da tasiri da hakan. Sai dai kuma yayin da wata ke zagayawa shi ma yana haifar da hawa da faɗowar dutse kamar yadda yake yi da ruwa.
- Wata ma yana da girgizar ƙasa, kodayake ba girgizar ƙasa ake cewa ba, ana cewa girgizar wata ne. Hakan na faruwa ne sakamakon tasirin gravitation ɗin duniya. Ba kamar girgizar ƙasa da ke ɗaukar mintuna kaɗan kawai ba, girgizar wata na iya ɗaukar kusan rabin sa’a.
- Akwai ruwa a wata, amma a cikin sigar ƙanƙara da ke maƙale a cikin ƙura da ma’adanai a ƙasa. An gano ruwan a wuraren da duniyar wata ke cikin inuwa ta dindindin, sakamakon sanyi a wurare sosai, yakan wanzar da ƙanƙarar.
Manazarta
Everything you’ve ever wanted to know about the Moon. (n.d.). Royal Museums Greenwich.
Staff, S. (2021, January 19). What is the moon? ScienceAlert.