Alireza Arafi ya zama ɗaya daga cikin muhimman mutane a tarihin siyasa da addini na Iran a wannan lokacin na canji bayan rasuwar Ali Khamenei. Bisa tsarin kundin tsarin mulki na Iran, an kafa Kwamitin Jagoranci na wucin gadi domin ya riƙe muƙamin Jagoran Koli na harkar addini har sai sabon jagora ya samu, kuma Arafi shi ne wakilin malamai a cikin wannan kwamiti mai ƙarfi na shugabanci. Arafi yanzu yana ɗaya daga cikin mutane uku waɗanda ke riƙe da babban iko a ƙasar. Wannan mataki ya nuna cewa tsarin addini da siyasa a Iran ya zaɓi jajirtaccen malami daga tsakiyar tsarin malamai don kula da mulkin ƙasa a lokacin rikici da sauyi.
Asali da haihuwa
Ayatollah Alireza Arafi an haife shi a shekarar 1959 a garin Meybod, wanda ke cikin lardin Yazd a tsakiyar Iran. Garin Meybod ƙaramin ne da ke da dogon tarihi na al’adu da addini, kuma yankin Yazd gabaɗaya ya shahara saboda zurfin ilimin addinin Shi’a da gine‑ginen tarihi.
Iyayen Arafi ma sun fito ne daga gida mai zurfin alaka da addini—mahaifinsa, Mohammad Ibrahim al‑Arafi, yana da kusanci da Jagoran Juyin Juya Halin Iran na 1979, Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, kafin juyin juya hali. Wannan dangantaka ta sa tun yana ƙarami Arafi ya kasance a cikin yanayin addini da kuma tattaunawar ilimin addini wanda a sannu a hankali ya ƙarfafa sha’awarsa a ilimi da addini.
Yanayin Meybod da Yazd a wancan lokaci
A lokacin da Arafi ya taso a cikin shekaruna na farko (shekarun 1960 zuwa 1970), Meybod da lardin Yazd suna da matuƙar daraja a harkokin addini da al’adu a Iran. Wannan yankin ƙasa ne mai tsananin bin al’adar gargajiya da addinin Shi’a, inda iyalai da kuma malamai ke da rawar takawa wajen yaɗa ilimin addini da tara ɗalibai zuwa manyan cibiyoyin addini kamar Qom da Mashhad. Wannan yanayi ya ba da damar da Arafi ya girma a cikin muhallin da ke dagewa kan karatun addini da zurfin akida tun yana ƙarami, tare da goyon bayan iyaye da sauran malamai.
Tasirin juyin juya halin 1979
Alireza Arafi ya taso a wani lokaci mai matuƙar muhimmanci ga tarihin Iran, musamman a lokacin juyin juya halin 1979. A wannan lokacin, tsarin monarch na Shah ya rushe, kuma sabon tsarin Jamhuriyar Musulunci ya maye gurbin mulkin tsohuwar masarauta, inda malamai suka koma cikin tsakiyar ikon siyasa da addini. Arafi, wanda a lokacin yana kusan shekaru ashirin zuwa ashirin da ɗaya, ya kasance matashi a tsakanin malamai masu tasiri, ba tare da jagoranci kai tsaye a cikin juyin juya halin ba. Duk da haka, juyin juya halin ya samar da wani yanayi mai ƙarfi ga tsarin ilimi da addini a Iran, inda cibiyoyin Hawza suka sami karfi fiye da da, kuma malamai kamar Arafi suka fara samun hanyoyin shiga cikin tsarin shugabanci da siyasa. Wannan canji ya sanya shi cikin yanayin da zai iya ci gaba daga matashi mai karatu da neman ilimi zuwa babban malami mai iko, wanda tsarin addini ke dogaro da shi a cikin shekaru masu zuwa.
Neman iliminsa
Tun yana ƙarami, Arafi ya nuna sha’awa da ƙwarewa wajen ilimi. A kusan shekara goma sha ɗaya, ya bar garin Meybod domin ci gaba da karatunsa a Qom, cibiyar addini mafi girma a Iran. A Qom, ya shiga cikin Hawza, inda ya fara karatu daga matakin farko har zuwa zurfafa ilimi a fannoni daban-daban na shari’a, akida, da falsafa. Wannan horo ya ba shi damar fahimtar tushen shari’a da ka’idojin ijtihad, wato ikon fitar da hukunci daga nassosi da hujjoji ba tare da dogaro ga wani malami ba. Ta hanyar wannan ilimi mai zurfi, ya kai matsayin mujtahid, wanda ke nufin cewa shi malami ne da aka amince da shi wajen yanke hukunci cikin tsarin shari’ar Shi’a.
Malamansa
Mahimmancin horon da ya samu daga fitattun malamai a Qom ba zai ɓace ba a cikin fahimtar yadda ya kai wannan matsayin. Ya yi karatu da malamai kamar:
- Ali Meshkini,
- Muhammad Baqir al-Sadr,
- Kazem al-Haeri,
- Morteza Haeri Yazdi,
- Mohammad Fazel Lankarani,
- Hossein Vahid Khorasani,
- Abdollah Javadi-Amoli,
- Jawad Tabrizi.
Waɗannan malamai sun shahara wajen koyar da fiqh, usul al-fiqh, tafsir, falsafa, da kalam, kuma sun ba Arafi horo mai zurfi wanda ya haɗa nazari, fahimta, da ikon fitar da hukunci. Wannan ya sa shi zama malami mai zurfin ilimi, wanda ba wai kawai ya san shari’a ba ne, har ma ya ƙware wajen nazari mai zurfi kan hujjojin addini da falsafa.
Harsunan da yake ji
- Bugu da ƙari, Arafi ya kware a harsuna da dama, musamman:
Larabci, harshen nassoshi da shari’a, wanda ya ba shi damar fahimtar Alƙur’ani da Hadisi a asali.
- Turanci, wanda ya taimaka masa wajen yin hulɗa da duniya baki ɗaya.
Wannan ƙwarewa ta harshe da kuma fannonin ilimi sun ba shi damar shiga cikin tsarin addini na duniya da amfani da fasahar zamani wajen yaɗa ilimi da aƙidar addini. Arafi ana kallon shi a matsayin malami mai hangen nesa, wanda ke da ƙwarewar zamani da kuma fahimtar yadda za a haɗa ilimi, addini, da fasahar zamani domin bunƙasa ayyukan addini da ilimi a matakin duniya.
Sharuɗɗan Editoci
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