Fasahar Bluetooth na ba na’urori damar sadarwa (turawa da musayar bayanai) ba tare da igiyoyi ko wayoyi ba. Bluetooth ya dogara da gajeriyar mitar sadarwar rediyo, kuma duk na’urar da ta haɗa fasahar za ta iya sadarwa muddin tana cikin tazarar da ake buƙata. Ana amfani da fasahar sau da yawa don ba da damar ga nau’ikan na’urori daban-daban guda biyu su yi musayar bayanai tare.
Bluetooth yana aiki ne a kan gajeriyar mitar rediyo (Radio Frequency)
Bluetooth yana aiki ne da lantarki, wanda hakan ke nufin cewa masana’antun da ke son haɗa wannan fasaha dole ne su haɗa tabbatattun buƙatu a cikin na’urorin lantarkin da suke sarrafawa. Waɗannan ƙayyadaddun bayanai suna tabbatar da cewa na’urorin za su iya nemowa da yin aiki da wasu na’urorin da ke amfani da fasahar Bluetooth. Yawancin na’urorin lantarki na sirri (PED) suna amfani da fasahar Bluetooth. Misali, ƙila za a iya sarrafa kwamfuta tare da madannai marasa waya ko amfani da lasifika marar waya don yin magana a kan wayar hannu.
Fasaha marar waya (wireless technology) ta gajeriyar hanya ta Bluetooth tana ba na’urori biyu damar haɗuwa kai tsaye ba tare da buƙatar tallafin kayan aikin cibiyar sadarwa ba kamar router ko modem. A yau, fasahar Bluetooth ta fi amfani a duk faɗin duniya don haɗa na’urori irin su radiyo, madannan kwamfuta, mouse, da lasifika zuwa dukkan PC da na’urorin hannu. Fasahar Bluetooth tana aiki a kan mitocin rediyo (radio frequency) a cikin kewayon 2.4 GHz. Ka’idojin Bluetooth guda biyu a halin yanzu da ake amfani da su a yau su ne:
Classic Bluetooth
Wanda ke goyan bayan ƙimar bayanai daban-daban guda biyu, Basic Rate (BR) da Enhanced Data Rate (EDR).
Bluetooth Low Energy (LE)
Wannan an inganta don ƙarancin amfani da makamashin lantarki kuma galibi ana amfani da shi don aikace-aikacen da batiri ya iyakance. Ba a cika amfani da Bluetooth LE don musanya ɗimbin bayanai ba, shi dai yana aiki don inganta sauti mai girma da damar saurare iri-iri fiye da Classic Bluetooth.
Bluetooth Special Interes Group (SIG), ƙungiyar ƙa’ida, tana kula da haɓakawa tare da ba da lasisin fasahar Bluetooth. Kamfanin Intel memba ne wanda ya kafa Bluetooth SIG kuma ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin ƙirƙirar da yaduwar fasahar. A zahiri, Jim Kardach na kamfanin Intel ne ya ba da shawarar sunan Bluetooth a cikin shekarar 1997.
A cikin kwanakin farko na ƙirƙirar Bluetooth, yawancin kwamfutoci sun dogara da external dongles don aiki da fasahar Bluetooth, galibi suna amfani da ramin USB a jikin na’urorin. Wannan tsarin yana da mahimman ayyukan Bluetooth amma galibi yana da wahala ga ƙananun masu amfani da na’urori. A yau, galibin kwamfutoci suna nuna katunan sadarwar da aka saka tare da Wi-Fi da ayyukan Bluetooth. Waɗannan suna ba da damar ingantaccen aiki da daidaitawa a cikin dukkan damar mitar rediyo, suna taimakawa wajen daƙile tangarɗa da tabbatar da saurin musaya da sauya wa bayanai wuri.
A matsayin jagoran fasaha, kamfanin Intel ya haɗa aikin Bluetooth a cikin na’urorin Wi-Fi tun shekarar 2011, tare da goyan bayan haɗin Bluetooth 5.3. Har ila yau, muna ci gaba da yin aiki tare da OEMs, masana’antun kayan fasaha, da abokan hulɗar muhalli don ayyana ƙayyadaddun Bluetooth da taimaka wa aiwatar da su cikin na’urori da aikace-aikace na ainihi. Manufarmu ita ce ba da damar fasaha mai sauƙi, babban aikin Bluetooth a farashi mai ban sha’awa ga masu amfani da PC.
Ayyukan fasahar Bluetooth
Ana amfani da fasahar Bluetooth da farko don haɗa abubuwan haɗi zuwa wayoyin hannu, tebur, da kwamfyutoci. Wasu na’urorin haɗin Bluetooth na yau da kullun sun haɗa da mouse, madanni (keyboard), lasifika, da earpiece. Yawancin masu kula da alkalancin wasanni suna amfani da fasahar Bluetooth don amfani da earpiece marar waya.
Bugu da ƙari, fasahar Bluetooth tana ƙara zama ruwan dare a cikin na’urorin lantarki masu amfani kamar kyamarori, talabijin, har ma da na’urorin gida kamar firiji ko tanda (oven). Na’urorin likitanci kamar na’urori masu auna sikari (glucose) ko na’urorin bugun zuciya sun dogara da haɗin Bluetooth. Tsarin bayanan mota ta zamani har ila yau yana amfani da fasahar Bluetooth don jigilar kiɗa ko kwatance daga wayar direba.
Don ɗaukar yawan adadin na’urori waɗanda masu amfani za su so haɗawa ta hanyar fasahar Bluetooth, yawancin na’urori na zamani an gina su don tallafawa haɗin Bluetooth da yawa a lokaci guda. Misali, a cikin yanayin aiki-daga-gida na zamani, masu amfani za su iya daidaita na’urori kamar madannai (keyboard) da mouse tare da kwamfutoci da yawa a lokaci guda kuma su sauya a tsakaninsu ba tare da matsala ba.
Yadda ake haɗa fasahar Bluetooth
Haɗin na’urorin Bluetooth guda biyu tsari ne mai sauƙi, wanda galibi ake kira haɗawa (connection). Yawancin na’urorin Bluetooth na zamani suna shiga yanayin haɗin ta tsarin atomatik idan an kunna su da farko. A wasu lokuta, mutum na haɗawa da hannu.
Ga na’urorin Bluetooth, haɗawa kamar musayar lamba ce. Da farko, kowace na’ura tana yin rijistar bayanan haɗin, tare da maɓallin tsaro, na na’urar abokin haɗin. Sai a adana wannan bayanin a kan na’urori biyu don haka za su iya haɗawa cikin sauƙi ko sake haɗawa ta atomatik ba tare da maimaita tsarin haɗin farko ba.
Ya danganta da na’urar da ake amfani da ita, tsarin haɗin farko na iya haɗawa da fito da jerin lambobi da ake nunowa a kan na’urorin biyu don tabbatar da cewa an yi haɗin da ya dace ko shigar da PIN daga na’ura ɗaya zuwa ɗayar. Ana bin waɗannan matakai ne don hana masu amfani haɗawa da gangan haɗuwa da na’urar da ba ta dace ba kuma don daƙile ɓangarori da ba a son su shiga na’urorin Bluetooth ɗin.
Abubuwan cikas ga Bluetooth
Na’urori da yanayin muhalli suna da mahimmanci ga aikin Bluetooth. Ana iya amfani da fasahar Bluetooth don haɗa na’urorin da ke tsakanin nisan ƙafa 30 zuwa 300 da juna. Muhallin Bluetooth zai dogara da abubuwan da suka haɗa da yanayi, tangarɗa, da ƙarfin watsawa. Fasaha da ke aiki a kan bakan 2.4 GHz- kamar tsofaffin kwamfutoci, alluna, wayoyi, da cibiyoyin na’urorin Wi-Fi, da microwaves da na’urorin saka idanu na jarirai—na iya kawo cikas ga aikin Bluetooth.
Ƙalubalen tsaro ga Bluetooth
Kamar sauran nau’ikan haɗi marar waya, (wireless connectivity), tsaro babban abin la’akari ne ga masu ƙirƙirar fasahar Bluetooth da masu amfani da ita. A cikin tsawon lokacin fasahar Bluetooth, ƙarfinta na tsaro ya samo asali ta haɓaka aiki da faɗaɗa ƙa’idar amfani. Ƙididdigar Bluetooth, wanda Bluetooth SIG ke kulawa, ana sabunta ta lokaci-lokaci don haɓaka tsaro da hana al’amura masu haɗari.
Don kiyaye bayanai a cikin amintacciyar hanyar musaya, fasahar Bluetooth ta dogara da fasahar ɓoyewa da tantancewa. Hanyoyin haɗin kamar shigar da PIN shi ma yana taimakawa ta hanyar ba da kariya daga haɗin da ba a so. Idan aka kwatanta da Classic Bluetooth, Bluetooth LE yana ba da ingantattun tsare-tsare na tsaro, wanda aka sani da LE Secure Connections, waɗanda suka haɗa da inganta maɓallan tsaro na algorithm — wannan tsarin na sa ya fi wahala ga masu aikata ɓarna su iya samun dama ga na’urorin jama’a.
Nau’inkan fasahar Bluetooth
Akwai nau’ikan Bluetooth iri-iri a wannan zamanin waɗanda suka suka haɗa da:
- In-Car Headset: Wannan fasahar Bluetooth ce da ke ba mutum dama ya iya yin kiran waya daga tsarin lasifikar mota ba tare da amfani da wayar hannu ba.
- Stereo Headset: Wannan nau’in lasifikar kunne ce. Ana amfani da ita don sauraron kiɗa a mota ko a cikin masu kunna kiɗa a gida.
- Webcam: Mutane na iya haɗa kyamara tare da taimakon fasahar Bluetooth da da kwamfutar tafi-da-gidanka ko wayar salula.
- Bluetooth-Equipped Printer: Wannan ma fasaha ce wacce za a iya amfani da firinta (printer) lokacin da aka haɗa ta Bluetooth tare da wayar hannu ko kwamfutar tafi-da-gidanka, a tura mata bayani a buƙaci ta fitar da bayanin a kan takarda ko wani abin.
- Bluetooth Global Positioning System (GPS): Don amfani da Global Positioning System (GPS) a cikin motoci, mutum zai iya haɗa wayarsa da tsarin motar ta Bluetooth don ɗauko kwatancen adireshi da wuraren da bai sani ba.
Alfanun fasahar Bluetooth
- Na’ura ce mai arha kuma mai sauƙin amfani.
- Tana ƙirƙirar haɗin kai tsaye ba tare da kowace waya ba.
- Ana amfani da fasahar don sauraren murya da sauya wurin bayanai.
Ƙalubalen fasahar Bluetooth
- Ana iya hacking (harin masu kutse) saboda haka yana ƙarancin da aminci.
- Fasahar tana da ƙarancin saurin tura bayanan da suka kai nauyin 3Mb
- Fasahar sadarwa ta Bluetooth ba ta bin didddigi.
Manazarta
GeeksforGeeks. (2024b, November 26). What is Bluetooth? GeeksforGeeks.
What is Bluetooth® technology? – Intel. (n.d.). Intel.
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Duk maƙalun da kuka karanta a wannan taska ta Bakandamiya, marubuta da editocinmu ne suka rubuta. Kuma kowace maƙala da aka buga ta bi muhimman matakai na tantancewa don ganin cewa bayanan dake cikinta sun inganta.
Idan kuma an ga wani kuskure a cikin kowace maƙalarmu, a sanar da mu. Za mu yi bincike sannan mu gyara gwargwadon fahimtarmu.
