Boron

Boron wani sinadari ne mai lamba ta biyar a kan teburin sunadarai da ma’adanai (wato periodic table a turance). Boron sinadari ne da ake samu a dandaryar ƙasa da kuma cikin falaƙin rana. Yana da nau’i-nau’i da yawa, wanda aka fi sani su ne; boron amorphous, mai launin hoda mai duhu. Yana da fa’idoji ta fuskar wasannin motsa jiki, inganta lafiyar ƙashi, daƙile ciwon daji, magance cututtukan yeast infection (wani ciwo ne da ke faruwa a al’aurar mace, da ƙwayar bakteriya ke haifarwa).

Boron sinadari ne wanda ake amfanin yau da kullum da shi don dalilai da yawa, ciki har da samar da sinadaran wanke-wanke, magungunan riga-kafi, da kayan aikace-aikace. Yana da matukar muhimmanci kuma ana amfani da shi a cikin kayayyaki da yawa tun daga sinadaran dafa abinci da magunguna zuwa sarrafa makamashin nukiliya da binciken sararin samaniya. Ana amfani da sinadaran na boron wajen sarrafa gilashi, haka nan ana amfani da shi a aikin gona, da sarrafa iskar kashe gobara.

Ana amfani da boron wajen samar da siminti na baƙin ƙarfe, ana amfani da shi a matsayin iskar oxygen don jan ƙarfe da sauran ƙarafa, ana kuma amfani da shi wajen ƙera wayar lantarki, har da a cikin abubuwan da aka haɗa da ƙarafa ko yumbu, ana amfani da shi a matsayin semiconductor, don injin nukiliya, ana amfani da shi a matsayin garkuwa daga tiririn radiation  na nukiliya da kayayyakin aiki.

Nau’ikan boron da amfaninsu

• Borate

Ana amfani da borates galibi don samar da gilashi. Ana kuma amfani da shi a wuraren kashe gobara da masana’antar fata da kayan kwalliya,’ da sabulu da sinadaran tsaftace datti. Wasu magungunan kashe ƙwari da ake amfani da su don magance kyankyasai da wasu sinadaran sarrafa katako su ma sun ƙunshi borates.

• Borax

Ana amfani da borax wajen sarrafa ƙarafa, da kuma wajen kera glazes da enamels, ana amfani da shi don rufe ƙarfen firiji da injin wanki. Ana kuma amfani da shi don warkarwa da adana fatu, da kuma wajen magance kyankyasai.

• Boric acid

Ana amfani da shi wajen ƙera kayan kwalliya, da sarrafa sinadarin shafawa da wanke ido, ana amfani da shi a matsayin maganin kashe ƙwayoyin cuta ƙanana, ana amfani da shi wajen bugu da rini, ana amfani da shi don sarrafa taurin ƙarfe da taurin jan karfe, da wajen walda. Ana amfani da shi a matsayin maganin ƙwari ga kyankyasai.

• Boron carbide

Ana amfani da shi wajen sarrafa yumbu masu ƙarfi da sinadarai ko kayan aiki masu nagarta, ana amfani da shi a matsayin kariya daga tiririn radiation da masana’antar nukiliya. Ana kuma amfani da shi matsayin albarkatun ƙasa don samar da sauran abubuwan da ke ɗauke da boron (misali titanium boride).

• Boron nitride

Ana amfani da boron nitride a matsayin abu mai jujjuyawa, da samar da sinadarin amfanin dakin gwaje-gwaje, da jirkita sunadarai. Ana amfani da sinadarin boron trichloride wajen ƙerawa da tace ƙarafa da haɗa karfe da karfe. Ana kuma amfani da shi don kashe gobarar magnesium.

• Boron trifluoride

Ana amfani da sinadarin boron trifluoride don inganta siffofin ƙwayoyin halitta daban-daban

Samuwar sinadarin boron

Sir Humphry Davy da Joseph Louis Gay-Lussacda Louis Jacques Thénard suka gano shi a gwaje-gwajen da suka gudanar kan boric acid, a shekarar 1808.

Boron ba ya cikin yanayi a sigar farko, yana samuwa a haɗe a cikin sinadarai kamar borax, boric acid, kernite, ulexite, colemanite da borates. Ruwan duwatsu na vulcanic wani lokaci yana ɗauke da sinadarin boric acid. Ana haƙar sinadarin borates a Amurka, Tibet a Chile da Turkiyya, inda ake haƙowa a duniya kusan tan miliyan 2 a kowace shekara.

Tasirin boron ga lafiya

• Boron na taimakawa jikin ɗan’adam idan aka yi amfani da ‘ya’yan itace da kayan marmari da ruwa da kuma iska.
• Lokacin da dan’adam ke cin abinci mai yawa mai dauke da boron, yawan sinadarin boron a jiki zai iya tashi zuwa matakin da zai iya haifar da matsalolin lafiya.
• Boron na iya cutar da ciki, hanta, koda da ƙwaƙwalwa kuma yana iya haifar da mutuwa.
• Yayin da aka samu ƙarancin sinadarin boron a jiki, matsaloli da rikicewar  hanci, makogwaro ko idanu na iya faruwa.
• Idan aka yi amfani da sinadarin boric acid da ya kai adadin 5g, zai sa mutum rashin lafiya, idan adadin ya kai gram 20 ko fiye zai jefa rayuwa cikin haɗari.
• Cin kifi ko nama ba zai kara yawan sinadarin boron a jiki ba, domin boron ba ya taruwa a cikin sassan jikin dabbobi.
• A guji shan abubuwan gina jiki na boron idan ana da cutar koda ko matsalolin aikin koda.

Tasiri boron ga muhalli

• Boron wani sinadari ne da ke samuwa a muhalli musamman ta hanyar tsarin halittarsa.
• Boron yana shiga cikin yanayi a ta hanyar shiga cikin iska da ƙasa da ruwa a yayin sauyin yanayi. Haka nan yana iya shiga cikin ruwan ƙarƙashinƙasa na ɗan adadi kaɗan.
• Mutane suna ƙara yawan sinadarin boron ta hanyar ƙera gilashi, kona gawayi, narkar jan karfe da amfani da taki ga manoma. Matsalolin boron da ɗan’adam ke haifarwa kaɗan ne idan aka kwatanta da wanda yanayi ke haifarwa.
• Samuwar sinadarin boron a cikin iska da ruwan sha bai cika faruwa ba, yana da wahala, amma akwai haɗarin kamuwa da ƙurar sinadarin borate a wuraren aiki.
• Haka nan ana iya akan samu sinadarin boron a kayayyakin kamfanoni kamar  kayan kwalliya da sinadaran wanki.
• Tsirrai suna shaƙar sinadarin boron daga ƙasa da kuma ta hanyar dabbobin da suke cin tsirrai. An samun boron a cikin naman dabba, amma ba zai yiwu ya taru har ya yi tasiri ba.
• Idan dabbobi suka ci ko sha boron mai yawa na dogon lokaci a cikin abinci ko ruwan sha, sassan jima’i na namijin dabbar zai iya samun matsala.
• Haka nan idan dabbobi suka samu boron a lokacin daukar ciki ‘ya’yansu na iya samun lahani lokacin haihuwa ko jinkirin girma. Bugu da ƙari, dabbobi suna iya fama da matsalolin hanci lokacin da suke numfashi.

Yadda boron ke aiki a jki

Lokacin da aka sha, boron ya koma boric acid kuma yana shiga cikin sashin gastrointestinal; jiki yana karɓar kusan kashi 85% zuwa 90% na boron da aka ci.

Kasusuwa da farce da gashi suna da jan adadin boron mai yawa fiye da sauran gaɓoɓi da ƙwayoyin halittar jiki, yayin da maiƙo ke da ƙarancin adadi. Ana fitar da Boron daga jiki musamman ta cikin fitsari, haka nan kuma ana fitar da ɗan kaɗan a cikin kashi da gumi da numfashi.

Amfanin sinadarin boron

Sinadarin boron na da amfani wajen magance ko inganta wasu yanayi na cututtuka da suka haɗa da;

Ciwon gaɓoɓi na (Osteoarthritis)

Osteoarthritis (OA) na faruwa ne lokacin da gurin-guntsin da ke kare ƙasusuwa ya ƙare, yana haifar da rashin jin daɗi da zafi. Bincike ya nuna cewa ƙarin sinadarin boron na iya inganta matsalar da ke haɗe da ciwon gaɓoɓi na osteoarthritis. Wani gwaji na asibiti, da ƙunshi mutane 60 manya masu fama larurar OA, sun yi amfani da ƙarin sinadarin boron. Waɗanda suka karɓi milligrams 6 a kowace rana har tsawon makonni biyu sun samu sauƙi daga ciwon gwiwa.

Ciwon al’aura nau’in (yeast infection)

Daya daga cikin muhimman amfanin boron shi ne a kan cutar al’aura ta mata da ake kira da yeast infection, (candidiasis). A wannan yanayin, mutane suna amfani da capsules na boric acid a cikin farji don magance cutar. Boric acid wani nau’i ne na boron.

Rage hadarin ciwon daji

Yin amfani da sinadarin boron na cikin abinci na iya rage haɗarin wasu cututtukan daji, irin su kansar hunhu da kansar mahaifa. Ana samun boron galibi a cikin abinci na shuka, kuma ana ba da shawarar yawan amfani da ‘ya’yan itatuwa da kayan marmari don rage haɗarin cutar kansa.

Inganta lafiyar ƙashi

Boron yana ƙara yawan sinadarin calcium da magnesium, waɗannan sunadarai biyu suna da mahimmanci wajen ingantuwar ƙashi da kariya.

Adadin sinadarin boron da jiki ke bukata

Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya (WHO) ta ba da shawarar cewa “daidaitaccen kewayon da ake yarda da shi” na shan boron ya kasance daga milligram 1 zuwa 13 a kullum. Matsakaicin adadin sinadarin ga yara ya bambanta da shekaru, kamar haka:

Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta ƙasar Amurka (NIH) ta yi gargaɗin cewa abubuwan da ake amfani da su na boron ko yawan cin abinci mai yawan sinadarin boron na iya zama cutarwa ga mutanen da ke da matsalolin ƙwayoyin halittar sha’awa da kansar mama da  fibroids na cikin mahaifa. Abin damuwar shi ne boron na iya ƙara samar da ƙwayoyin hormones kamar estrogen da testosterone a wasu mutane.

Illolin yawaitar sinadarin boron

Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta ƙasar Amurka (NIH) ta yi gargaɗin cewa abubuwan da ake amfani da su na boron ko yawan cin abinci mai yawan sinadarin boron na iya zama cutarwa ga mutanen da ke da matsalolin ƙwayoyin halittar sha’awa da kansar mama da  fibroids na cikin mahaifa. Abin damuwar shi ne boron na iya ƙara samar da ƙwayoyin hormones kamar estrogen da testosterone a wasu mutane. Amfani da boron fiye da kima na iya haifar da alamomi kamar:

• Tashin zuciya
• Yin amai
• Rashin narkewar abinci
• Ciwon kai
• Zawo

Nau’ikan abinci masu sinadarin boron

Ana samun boron a yawancin abinci nau’in ‘ya’yan itatuwa da suka haɗa da:

• Avocado
• Jar tufa
• Gyada
• Inibi
• Kurna
• Aduwa
• Dankali

Manazarta

Davy’s Elements (1805-1824) | Chemistry. (n.d.). University of Waterloo. 

Fand, J. L. M. R. C. (2024, August 28). Health benefits of Boron. Verywell Health. 

Woods, W. G. (1994). An introduction to boron: history, sources, uses, and chemistry. Environmental Health Perspectives, 102(suppl 7), 5–11.