Cuta X (Virus X) suna ne da alama da Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya ta bayar don wakiltar ƙwayar cutar da ke haifar da wata annoba kuma har yanzu ba a gano ta ba. Ana amfani da wannan kalmar don bayyana wata ƙwayar cuta wanda ba a san ta haƙiƙanin sunan ta ba kuma tana bayyana tana haifar da mummunar annoba a duniya. Hukumar ta WHO ta ba da fifiko kan wannan cuta ne saboda yadda akasarin cutukan da suka shuɗe sukan haifar da sabbin cutukan da ba a san su ba. Saboda haka, Cutar X ba taƙamaimiyar cuta ba ce amma tana haifar da barazana ga lafiyar al’umma a nan gaba.
A watan Fabrairun 2018, Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya (WHO) ta kirkiro sunan cuta X don maye gurbinta da ba a sani ba game da ƙwayar cutar da za ta iya haifar da annoba a nan gaba. Masana kimiyya fiye da 300 sun haɗu a watan Nuwamba 2022 don nazarin wannan ƙwayar cuta da ba a san ta ba wadda za ta iya haifar da mummunar annoba ta duniya wacce za ta kai ga yawaitar mutuwa fiye da annobar Covid-19 har sama da sau 20.
Annobar mai barazana, wadda aka fi sani da Disease X, kalma ce da masana kimiyya ke amfani da ita don taimaka wa samar da matakan kariya da suka haɗa da alluran riga-kafi da kuma gwaje-gwajen da za a aiwatarwa a yayin ɓarkewar cutar nan gaba.
Hanyoyin yaɗuwar cutar X
Babu tabbataccen bayani kan yadda cutar X (Virus X) ke yaɗu saboda sunan da ake kiran ta da shi alama ce ta yuwuwar ɓarkewar barazanar wata cutar. Sai dai, bisa la’akari da hanyoyin watsuwar nau’ikan ƙwayoyin cuta iri ɗaya, tana iya yaɗuwa ta ɗigon numfashi, saduwar kai tsaye, ko taɓa gurɓataccen waje. Waɗannan hanyoyi galibi sun haɗa da watsuwar ƙwayoyin zoonotic daga dabbobi zuwa mutane.
To abin tambaya a nan shi shin cutar X, cuta ce da ke buƙatar matakan gaggawa a gaba, wacce ya kamata a tayar da hankali a kai? A halin yanzu dai babu buƙatar firgita. Cutar X ba ta wanzu ba tukuna, a cewar Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya. Amma kamar yadda ake faɗa, ‘Riga kafin ya fi magani’.
Duk da haka, gwamnatoci a duk faɗin duniya sun riga sun fara shirye-shirye kan ita wannan cuta mai laƙabin (X virus) kamar yadda Richard Hatchett, babban jami’in gudanarwa kuma shugaba ƙungiyar Coalition for Epidemic Prevention Innovations (CEPI) ya shaida.
Kamar yadda Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya (WHO) ta ayyana, cutar ta X tana nufin wata mummunar cuta ta ƙasa da ƙasa wacce har yanzu ba a san ta ba. An saka cutar X cikin jerin sunayen cutukan da aka ba wa fifiko a cikin Fabrairun shekarar 2018.
Kasancewar cutar X a cikin jerin cutukan da WHO da ta bawa muhimmanci, shi ne dalilin da ƙungiyar CEPI ta bincika tare da zuba kuɗi domin samar da dukkan abubuwan da ake buƙata don yaƙi da cutar. A taƙaice dai, hasashe ne wanda babu shi a zahiri. Sai dai hakan ba yana nufin cewa cutar ba gaskiya ba ce. Tana da matuƙar barazana ga lafiyar ɗan’adam kuma wani abu ne da dole duniya ta shirya don mayar da martani a lokacin da ya dace.
Alamomin cutar X
Kasancewar cutar X ba ta bayyana taƙamaiman ƙwayar cuta har yanzu ba, ba za a iya ayyana alamoninta ba. Duk da haka, an kiyasta cewa cutar na iya haifar da cutar pathogen X. Kuma bisa ga bayyanar bayanan wasu cutukan masu kamanceceniya, alamomin cutar X na iya haɗawa da:
- Zazzaɓi, ciwon tsoka, suma, ciwon wuya, ciwon baya, ciwon kai, kumbura idanu, da sanin haske.
- Haka nan za a iya fuskantar tashin zuciya, amai, rashin jin daɗi na ciki, gudawa, da ciwon makogwaro. Wannan na iya biyo bayan sauyin yanayi da ruɗani.
- Bayan ‘yan kwanaki, tashin hankali na iya komawa zuwa barci da damuwa, kuma hanta na iya girma.
- Ƙarin alamomin sun haɗa da bugun zuciya, kumburin ƙwayoyin lymph, da ƙuraje a kan fata da cikin baki da makogwaro.
Bayan kwana na huɗu ko biyar na rashin lafiya, marasa lafiya na iya fuskantar gazawar gaɓoɓi. A cikin mako na biyu na cutar, wasu marasa lafiyar sukan mutu. Bayan kwana na tara ko goma na rashin lafiya, yawancin waɗanda suka tsira sukan fara murmurewa.
Dalilan samuwar cutar X
Hukumar ta WHO ta yi nuni da ƙaruwar haɗarin ƙwayar cutar X da za ta iya fitowa kamar abin da ya faru a lokacin annobar COVID 19. Abubuwan da ke haifar da cutar X na iya haɗawa da:
- Zoonotic spillovers (inda ƙwayoyin cuta ke yaɗuwa daga dabbobi zuwa mutane).
- Yawan amfani da maganin riga-kafi yana haifar da kangarewar ƙwayoyin cuta.
- Canjin yanayi wanda ke ba da damar sabbin cutuka su bunƙasa.
- Cuɗanyar mutane saboda tafiye-tafiye da zirga-zirga daga wannan wuri zuwa wani.
Me yasa aka ɗauki cutar X ke da mahimmanci?
Wannan dalili a bayyane yake sosai idan aka yi la’akari da annobar COVID 19, yadda duniya ba ta shirya ba, sanadiyyar hakan aka fuskanci matsalar rashin lafiya kwatsam, ba zato ba tsammani. Cutar cutar X tana wanzuwa a matsayin gargaɗi da kira don mataki ga wata mummunar cutar a nan gaba. Muhimmancinta ya ta’allaka ne ga gwamnatoci, masu bincike, da kungiyoyin kiwon lafiya su tabbatar da:
- An ƙarfafa tsarin gwaje-gwaje da wuri
- An ƙirƙira hanyoyi da magungunan riga-kafi masu ssauƙi da hanyoyin jiyya
- An inganta kayayyakin kiwon lafiyar jama’a
- An zuba kuɗaɗe masu nauyin a cikin bincike don tunkarar annobar
Girman haɗarin cutar X
A cikin shekarar 2015, Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya (WHO) ta kirkiro shirin Bincike da Ci gaba na riga-kafin cutar don rage tazara tsakanin gano barkewar ƙwayar cutar da kuma amincewa da riga-kafin. An mayar da hankali kan cutuka mafi haɗari waɗanda ke fitowa tare da ƙananan hanyoyin riga-kafi.
A yunƙurin maye gurbin sunan cutar da ba a sani ba, WHO ta gabatar da Cuta X a cikin shekarar 2018. Manufar ita ce ƙirƙirar ayyuka da shirye-shirye don amfanin gwaje-gwajen bincike da alluran riga-kafi tare da mai da hankali kan cutukan ƙwayoyin cuta.
A cikin watan Agusta na shekarar 2023, gwamnatin Burtaniya ta kafa wata cibiyar bincike don gudanar da bincike da allurar riga-kafin cutar X.
Masana kiwon lafiya sun kiyasta cewa cutar X na iya kashe mutane miliyan 50. Kamar yadda COVID-19 ke zama matsala ta rashin lafiya da ta zama ruwan dare gama gari, ƙwararrun kiwon lafiya na Burtaniya yanzu suna shirye-shiryen tunkarar sabuwar annobar.
Shiryawa cutar X
Shin ko duniya ta shirya tunkarar annobar X? Wannn shi ne ɗaya daga cikin muhimman bayanan da ya kamata mutane su sani, bayan annobar COVID19 da kuma rashin shiri da hukumomin lafiya da masu ruwa da tsaki a duniya suka yi an gani a wancan lolokacin irin mummunar illar da cutar ta yi. Kuma da wannan, kalubale ne cutar ta ci gaba da yaɗuwa. Game da ita cutar X, ga yadda ya kamata duniya ta shirya kamar yadda hukumar lafiya ta duniya WHO ta bayyana:
- A ƙara himma ga samar da alluran riga-kafin mRNA, magunguna masu sauƙin aiki, da kayan aikin gwaje-gwaje.
- A haɓaka ingantattun tsarin sa ido na duniya don gano barkewar cutar da wuri.
- A inganta tsarin WHO don bincike kan cutukan da ake bawa fifiko da haɗin gwiwar duniya don ɗaukar mataki cikin sauri.
- Ƙarfafa ayyukan tsafta, alluran riga-kafi, da shirye-shiryen lafiya.
Manazarta
Think Global Health. (2025, January 16). Preparing for Disease X Think Global Health.
Defining Disease X. (2024, February 23). Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health.
WHO (2024b, January 19). Research response to pathogen X during a pandemic. WHO
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