Donald John Trump ɗaya ne daga cikin shahararrun ‘yan kasuwa, jaruman talabijin, kuma shugabannin siyasa na Amurka a ƙarni na 21. Shi ne shugaban Amurka na 45 da na 47, wanda ya kafa tarihi ta fuskar kasancewa shugaban da ya dawo kujerar mulki bayan barin ofis. Ba kawai a siyasance yake da tasiri ba, har ma a harkokin kasuwanci da kafofin watsa labarai.
Trump ya shahara wajen amfani da salon jagoranci kai tsaye, wanda ya haɗa da amfani da kafafen sadarwa na zamani don kai saƙonni ga jama’a ba tare da tsangwama daga kafofin gargajiya ba. Wannan salon ya sa ya zama abin tattaunawa mai zafi a tsakanin masu goyon bayansa da masu adawa, inda kowa ke kallon shi bisa fahimtarsa.
Har ila yau, Trump ya yi fice sosai wajen sauya salon siyasa da tsarin hulɗar diflomasiyyar Amurka, musamman ta hanyar manufofin “America First,” wanda ke fifita muradan ƙasar kan al’amuran duniya. Duk da kasancewa mutum mai jituwa da magoya baya, salonsa na jagoranci ya haifar da rarrabuwar kai a cikin al’umma, inda yake samun goyon baya daga wasu sashe, yayin da wasu ke ganin salonsa a matsayin mai tsauri.
Haihuwa da asalinsa
Donald John Trump an haife shi a ranar 14 ga Yuni, 1946, a Queens, birnin New York, Amurka. Ya fito ne daga gida mai ƙarfi a harkar kasuwanci, inda mahaifinsa Fred Trump ya kasance sanannen mai gine‑gine da otal-otal a birnin New York. Mahaifin nasa ya kafa Elizabeth MacLeod Trump, mahaifiyarsa, ta kasance mace mai tsananin tarbiyya da kulawa da iyali.
Dangin Trump sun kasance masu tasiri wajen gina halayensa tun yana ƙarami. An koya masa aiki tuƙuru, hangen nesa, da kishin samun nasara a dukkan fannonin rayuwa. Samun wannan horo daga iyalinsa ya taimaka masa wajen samun ƙwazo da himma wajen harkokin kasuwanci tun yana matashi, har zuwa lokacin da ya shiga manyan fannonin siyasa da shugabanci.
Tun yana yaro, Donald Trump ya nuna sha’awar harkar gine‑gine da kasuwanci. Ya kasance yana tafiya tare da mahaifinsa zuwa gidajen otal da ofisoshin gine‑gine, inda ya koyi dabarun kasuwanci da gudanarwa. Wannan ƙwarewa ta farko ta zama ginshiƙi a rayuwarsa, wadda daga baya ta haɗu da salon jagoranci da tasirin da ya samu a harkokin siyasa da kasuwanci.
Asalin Trump na nuna tasirin haɗuwar tarbiyya, ilimin farko, da ƙwarewa a harkar kasuwanci, wanda ya kasance tushen gina sunansa da tasirinsa a duniya. Haka nan kuma ya fice da salon rayuwa mai ɗaukar hankali da jan hankali, wanda ya zama alama a cikin rayuwarsa daga matakin iyali har zuwa ofisoshin shugabanci.
Ilimi da shiga kasuwanci
Donald Trump ya fara karatunsa ne a Queens, New York, inda ya halarci makarantar firamare da sakandare a yankin. Tun yana ƙarami, ya nuna kwarewa da sha’awa ga kasuwanci, musamman a harkar gine‑gine da mallakar kadarori. Mahaifinsa, Fred Trump, ya lura da wannan sha’awar, kuma ya fara koya masa dabarun kasuwanci tun yana ƙarami, musamman yadda ake gudanar da gidaje, gudanar da ma’aikata, da kuma tsara manyan ayyuka na gine‑gine.
A shekara ta 1964, Donald Trump ya shiga Fordham University a Bronx, New York, inda ya fara karatun tattalin arziƙi. Bayan shekaru biyu, ya koma Wharton School ta Jami’ar Pennsylvania, wadda ita ce ɗaya daga cikin manyan makarantu na kasuwanci a Amurka. A Wharton, ya kammala digiri a fannin Real Estate Economics, inda ya zurfafa ilimi a harkar mallakar kadarori, saka jari, da dabarun kasuwanci. Wannan ilimi ya bai wa Trump ƙwarewa da fahimta mai zurfi wajen gudanar da manyan ayyuka, da tsara dabarun bunƙasa kamfaninsa a gaba.
Bayan kammala karatu a shekarar 1968, Donald Trump ya koma Trump Organization, kamfanin da mahaifinsa ya kafa. A farkon lokaci, ya mayar da hankali kan gine‑ginen gidaje na zama a Bronx, Brooklyn, da Queens, inda ya koyi dabarun saye da sayarwa, da kuma sarrafa ma’aikata da ayyuka. Amma bai tsaya nan ba; Trump ya fara hangen nesa na bunƙasa kasuwanci zuwa birnin Manhattan, inda ya fara sayen wuraren kasuwanci da manyan gine‑gine masu daraja.
A farkon 1970s, Trump ya ɗauki matakai masu haɗari, wanda ya haɗa da mallakar Kamfanin Commodore Hotel, wanda daga baya ya mayar da shi zuwa Grand Hyatt Hotel a Manhattan. Wannan aikin ya ba shi shahara, kuma ya nuna cewa yana da ƙarfin hangen nesa, jarumta, da iya haɗa albarkatu domin cim ma babban buri. Wannan shi ne farkon lokacin da sunan “Trump” ya fara shahara a birnin New York da kuma duniya baki ɗaya.
Trump ya yi amfani da salonsa na musamman wajen jawo hankalin masu saka jari, waɗanda suka ga cewa yana da ƙwarewa wajen hango damarmaki a kasuwancin gine‑gine da saka jari. Haka nan, ya fara amfani da dabarun talla da sunansa a kan ginin da ke hannunsa, wanda ya taimaka wajen ƙara darajar kadarorinsa. Wannan mataki ya nuna cewa tun daga matakin farko, Donald Trump ya kasance mai hangen nesa, jarumta, da kuma dabarun kasuwanci na musamman, wanda daga baya ya kafa shi a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin manyan ‘yan kasuwa a Amurka.
Trump ya faɗaɗa kasuwancinsa zuwa fannoni daban-daban, ciki har da:
- Otels da gidajen hutu kamar Trump Plaza da Mar-a-Lago,
- Kasuwancin casinos a Atlantic City, wanda ya sami nasarori da wasu rashin nasarori,
- Kamfanonin gine‑gine da ofisoshi a birane da dama, ciki har da New York, Chicago, da Las Vegas,
- Kasuwancin mallakar sunan Trump a kayayyaki daban-daban, daga kayan sawa zuwa kayan more rayuwa, wanda ya ƙara daraja da shaharar sunansa.
A 2004, Trump ya samu shahara sosai a kafofin watsa labarai ta hanyar shirin talabijin “The Apprentice”, inda ya zama babban mai gabatarwa kuma ya nuna salon shugabanci mai tsauri da kuma kai tsaye. Wannan shirin ya ƙara masa shahara a duniya, ya kuma kafa shi a matsayin mutum mai ƙarfin hali, jarumta, da ikon jagoranci. Shirin ya nuna yadda Trump ke amfani da talla da kafafen watsa labarai wajen haɓaka sunansa da kuma tasirinsa a cikin al’umma.
Duk da nasarorin da ya samu, Trump ya fuskanci ƙalubale da dama a harkokin kasuwanci, ciki har da rashin nasara a wasu kamfanonin casinos, matsalolin bashi, da sauye-sauyen kasuwanci a 1990s da 2000s. Duk da haka, ya ci gaba da amfani da ƙwarewarsa wajen tallata sunansa, jawo masu saka jari, da kuma kafa tsarin kasuwanci wanda ya kasance ginshiƙi ga samun shahara da tasirinsa a fagen siyasa a gaba.
Rayuwarsa da iyali
Donald Trump ya kasance mutum mai rayuwa ta musamman, inda dangantakarsa da iyali, aure, da ’ya’ya suka taka muhimmiyar rawa a rayuwarsa da kasuwancinsa. Ya yi aure sau uku a rayuwarsa. Aurensa na farko shi ne da Ivana Zelníčková, ‘yar ƙasar Czech, a shekarar 1977. Daga wannan aure, ya samu ‘ya’ya uku: Donald Jr., Ivanka, da Eric Trump, waɗanda daga baya suka taka rawa a harkokin kasuwancinsa da Trump Organization. Wannan aure ya ƙare a 1992, bayan shekaru goma sha biyar, sakamakon rikice-rikicen rayuwa da siyasa.
Bayan haka, Trump ya auri Marla Maples a shekarar 1993, inda suka samu yaro guda ɗaya, Tiffany Trump. Wannan aure ya ƙare a 1999, sannan ya auri Melania Knauss, ‘yar Slovenia, a 2005, wadda ta zama First Lady lokacin mulkinsa na farko a Amurka. Daga wannan aure, ya samu ɗa, Barron Trump. Dangin Melania sun kasance a ƙarƙashin kulawar Trump har zuwa ƙarshen mulkinsa, inda ta taka rawa wajen tallafawa ayyukan jin ƙai da wasu shirin gwamnati na zamantakewa.
Rayuwar Trump da iyalinsa ta nuna haɗin kai da kuma tasirin da suke da shi wajen samar da tushe mai ƙarfi ga kasuwanci da siyasa. Yaransa, musamman Donald Jr., Ivanka, da Eric, sun taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen gudanar da kamfaninsa, gabatar da shawarwari kan ayyukan kasuwanci, da kuma nuna goyon baya a harkokin siyasa. Ivanka Trump, musamman, ta yi fice a matsayin mai ba da shawarwari ga Donald Trump a harkokin mulki, musamman kan manufofin tattalin arziƙi da walwala.
Trump ya kasance mutum mai jan hankali a rayuwar jama’a, inda ake yawan bibiyar harkokinsa na sirri a kafofin watsa labarai. Wannan salon ya sa ya zama abin magana sosai a duniya, inda rayuwarsa ta sirri da salon rayuwa mai ɗaukar hankali ke jan hankali ga masu sha’awa, masu goyon baya, da masu adawa da shi.
Farkon shiga siyasa
Donald Trump ya fara nuna sha’awarsa ga harkokin siyasa tun yana matsayin ɗan kasuwa da jarumi a kafofin watsa labarai. Tun a shekarun 1980s da 1990s, ya yi ƙoƙarin bayyana ra’ayinsa kan manufofin gwamnati, musamman kan harkokin haraji, tsarin gine‑gine, da harkokin tsaro. Duk da cewa bai riga ya shiga jam’iyyar siyasa ba a wancan lokacin, ya kasance mutum mai magana kai tsaye kuma a tsanake, wanda ya fara jan hankalin masu zaɓe da masana siyasa.
A farkon 2000s, Trump ya bayyana ra’ayinsa a matsayin mai son canji a harkokin siyasa, inda ya tattauna kan batutuwan haraji, tsaro, da manufofin kasuwanci. Haka nan, ya fara bayyana kansa a kafafen watsa labarai, inda ya yi amfani da shahararsa a talabijin da kafafen sada zumunta wajen gina sunansa a matsayin mutum mai ƙarfi da hangen nesa.
Kamfen da zaɓen shugaban ƙasa
A shekarar 2015, Trump ya sanar da niyyarsa ta shiga zaɓen shugaban ƙasa na 2016 a matsayin ɗan takarar jam’iyyar Republican. Kamfen dinsa ya yi fice saboda salonsa na kai tsaye, amfani da kafafen sada zumunta, da maganganu masu tsauri kan batutuwan ƙaura, tattalin arziƙi, da “America First.” Wannan salon ya bambanta shi da sauran ’yan takara, inda ya samu goyon baya mai yawa daga wasu sassan al’umma da ke neman canji a shugabancin ƙasa.
Kamfen ɗin Trump ya nuna yadda zai iya jan hankalin masu zaɓe ba tare da bin tsarin siyasa na gargajiya ba. Ya yi amfani da Twitter da sauran kafafen sada zumunta wajen kai saƙonni kai tsaye ga miliyoyin masu zaɓe, ya haifar da sabon salon siyasa da ya dogara ga sadarwa kai tsaye da jama’a. Wannan ya ƙara masa shahara a cikin gida da wajen Amurka.
Mulkinsa na farko (2017–2021)
A ranar 20 ga Janairu, 2017, Donald Trump ya zama Shugaban Amurka na 45, inda ya fara aiwatar da manufofinsa da yawa. A fannin tattalin arziƙi, ya rage haraji ga kamfanoni da wasu ’yan ƙasa, ya ƙarfafa kasuwanci, da kuma samar da ayyukan yi. A fannin shari’a, ya naɗa alƙalai a kotunan tarayya, ciki har da alƙalai uku a Kotun Ƙoli, wanda hakan ya sauya daidaiton ra’ayi a kotun.
Trump ya kuma yi amfani da salon jagoranci kai tsaye, yana yin jawaban kai tsaye ga jama’a ta kafafen watsa labarai da Twitter. Wannan salon ya ƙara haɗa kansa da magoya baya, amma kuma ya haifar da bambancin ra’ayi a cikin al’umma. A matakin duniya, manufofin “America First” sun sauya yadda Amurka ke hulɗa da sauran ƙasashe, musamman ta fuskar kasuwanci da tsaro, inda ya matsa lamba kan ƙasashen haɗin gwiwa kamar NATO.
Zaɓen 2020 da bayan barin mulki
A shekarar 2020, Trump ya sake yin takara don zama shugaban ƙasa, amma ya fuskanci ƙalubale da dama daga jam’iyyar Democrat da ke ƙarƙashin Joe Biden. Bayan zaɓen, Trump ya ƙalubalanci sakamakon zaɓen, yana jaddada batutuwan zaɓe da rashin gaskiya, wanda ya haifar da muhawara da cece-ku-ce mai zafi a cikin al’umma.
Bayan ƙarshen wa’adinsa a 20 ga Janairu, 2021, Trump ya koma harkokin kasuwanci, shirin talbijin, da siyasa, inda ya ci gaba da kasancewa mutum mai tasiri a jam’iyyar Republican da siyasar Amurka baki ɗaya.
Nasarori da tasirin Donald Trump
Nasarorin cikin gida
Fannin tattalin arziki
Donald Trump ya bar babban tasiri a siyasar cikin gida ta Amurka, musamman ta fuskar tattalin arziƙi, shari’a, da salon jagoranci. A fannin tattalin arziƙi, ɗaya daga cikin manyan nasarorinsa shi ne sauya tsarin haraji, inda aka rage harajin kamfanoni da wasu ’yan ƙasa. Wannan mataki ya taimaka wa kasuwanci, ya ƙarfafa zuba jari, da samar da ayyukan yi a wasu ɓangarori na tattalin arziƙi. A lokacin mulkinsa, tattalin arziƙin Amurka ya bunƙasa a wasu fannoni kafin ɓarkewar annobar COVID-19, abin da magoya bayansa ke ganin ya nuna ingancin manufofinsa.
Fannin shari’a
A fannin shari’a da tsarin mulki, Trump ya yi tasiri mai ɗorewa ta hanyar naɗa alƙalai da dama a kotunan tarayya, ciki har da alƙalai uku na Kotun Ƙoli. Wannan mataki ya canja daidaiton ra’ayi a kotun, ya kuma shafi hukunci kan batutuwan zamantakewa, siyasa, da ikon gwamnati. Nasarorin da ya samu a wannan fanni sun kasance ginshiƙai masu tsawo, wanda za su ci gaba da yin tasiri a shari’a da siyasar Amurka tsawon shekaru masu zuwa.
Fannin siyasa
Salon kamfen na Trump ya sauya yadda ake gudanar da siyasa, inda ya nuna cewa ana iya samun goyon bayan jama’a ba tare da bin hanyoyin siyasa na gargajiya ba. Ya yi amfani da kafafen sada zumunta wajen yin magana kai tsaye da magoya bayansa, wanda hakan ya ƙarfafa alaƙa tsakaninsa da jama’a, amma kuma ya haifar da mabanbanta ra’ayoyi a tsakanin ’yan ƙasa. Wannan salon ya haifar da sabon tsari a jam’iyyar Republican, inda ra’ayoyinsa da salon jagorancinsa suka zama ginshiƙai ga siyasar jam’iyyar a wannan zamani.
Tasirin Duniya
A matakin duniya, Trump ya sauya yadda Amurka ke hulɗa da sauran ƙasashe. Manufofinsa na “America First” sun sa ya sake duba yarjejeniyoyin kasuwanci da dama, yana ƙoƙarin tabbatar da cewa Amurka na cin moriya kai tsaye. Ya matsa lamba kan ƙawayen Amurka su ƙara ɗaukar nauyin tsaro da kasafin kuɗi, musamman a ƙungiyoyi kamar NATO. Wannan salo ya canja yanayin diflomasiyya, inda wasu ƙasashe suka ɗauki Amurka a matsayin ƙasa mai tsauri, yayin da wasu suka ɗauki hakan a matsayin dawowa ga kare muradun ƙasa.
Trump ya kuma taka rawa a wasu muhimman al’amuran duniya, ciki har da tattaunawa da shuwagabannin ƙasashen da Amurka ke da takaddama da su. Wannan ya karya wasu tsofaffin ƙa’idojin diflomasiyya, inda magoya bayansa ke ganin hakan a matsayin jarumta da sabon tunani a harkokin ƙasa da ƙasa, yayin da masu adawa ke ganin wannan mataki a matsayin rage tasirin Amurka a wasu sassa.
Gudummawar salon jagoranci
Salon jagorancin Trump ya bar gado mai zurfi a siyasance da tattalin arziki. Ya nuna yadda sadarwa kai tsaye da magoya baya, dabarun talla, da amfani da kafafen sada zumunta za su iya canja yanayin siyasa da ra’ayoyin jama’a. Ko a matsayin abin koyi ko kuma abin gardama, tasirin Trump ya shafi yadda shuwagabanni ke tattaunawa da jama’a, yadda ake gudanar da kamfen, da yadda manufofin cikin gida da waje ke tasiri ga tattalin arziƙi da hulɗar ƙasashe.
Kalubale da rikice-rikice
Kalubale a harkokin siyasa
Donald Trump ya fuskanci ƙalubale da dama a harkar siyasa, musamman saboda salonsa na kai tsaye da manufofinsa masu tsauri. Maganganunsa kan batutuwan ƙaura, tsaron iyaka, da kasuwanci sun jawo tsananin adawa daga ‘yan majalisa, ‘yan jarida, da wasu sassan al’umma. Wannan adawa ta haifar da ra’ayoyi masu ƙarfi tsakanin magoya bayansa da masu adawa, inda aka yawaita muhawara a Majalisar Dokoki, kotuna, da kafafen watsa labarai.
A lokacin mulkinsa, ya fuskanci ƙalubale daga kotuna kan matakan da ya ɗauka, ciki har da umarnin hana wasu shigowa Amurka da ƙoƙarin gina katanga a iyakar ƙasar. Wannan ya haifar da shari’o’i da dama waɗanda suka tilasta masa yin sauye-sauye ko fuskantar matsin lamba daga tsarin shari’a, inda aka nuna cewa jagoranci mai tsauri na iya haɗawa da gwagwarmaya mai tsanani a fuskar doka da tsarin mulki.
Kalubalen tattalin arziƙi
A fannin tattalin arziƙi, Trump ya fuskanci matsaloli daban-daban a gida da waje. Daga cikinsu akwai rikice-rikicen kasuwanci na kamfanoni da casinos nasa a Atlantic City, sauye-sauyen kasuwanci na duniya, da kuma annobar COVID-19, wadda ta haifar da durkushewar tattalin arziƙi a wasu sassa na Amurka. Duk da kasancewar shi mai ƙarfi a fagen tattalin arziƙi, waɗannan matsaloli sun nuna cewa shugabanci ta fannin tattalin arziƙi da siyasa na bukatar juriya, dabaru, da saurin mayar da martani ga canje-canje.
Rikice-rikicen duniya da diflomasiyya
A matakin duniya, manufofin Trump na “America First” sun haifar da rikice-rikice a hulɗa da wasu ƙasashe. Ya sake duba yarjejeniyoyin kasuwanci kamar NAFTA da Paris Climate Agreement, ya kuma matsa lamba kan ƙasashen haɗin gwiwa su ƙara ɗaukar nauyin tsaro, musamman a NATO. Wannan ya haifar da sauye-sauye a diflomasiyya, inda wasu ƙasashe suka ɗauki Amurka a matsayin ƙasa mai tsauri, yayin da wasu suka yi sukar hakan a matsayin rage tasiri ko rashin goyon bayan ƙawance.
Gado da tasirinsa a tarihi
Tasirin siyasa
Donald Trump zai bar gado mai zurfi a siyasar Amurka, inda salon jagorancinsa na kai tsaye da manufofinsa masu tsauri suka canja yadda ake gudanar da kamfen, sadarwa da jama’a, da hulɗar jam’iyyun siyasa. Ya nuna cewa shugabanci na iya kasancewa mai tasiri ba tare da dogaro ga hanyoyin siyasa na gargajiya ba, wanda ya ƙara jan hankali ga salon siyasar zamani. Haka nan, ra’ayoyinsa sun canja ginshiƙan jam’iyyar Republican, inda dabaru da salonsa suka zama tubalin jagoranci da manufofi a wannan jam’iyya.
Tasirin tattalin arziƙi da kasuwanci
Salon Trump na kasuwanci da manufofin tattalin arziƙi sun shafi kasuwanci, masana’antu, da tsarin haraji a Amurka. Manufofinsa na rage haraji da ƙarfafa zuba jari sun haifar da sabon yanayi a fannin tattalin arziƙi, yayin da dabarunsa na kasuwanci suka nuna yadda shahara da ikon yanke shawara cikin sauri zai iya taimaka wa shuwagabanni wajen cim ma nasarori a matakin ƙasa da duniya.
Tasirin duniya da diflomasiyya
Trump ya sake fasalta yadda duniya ke kallon Amurka, musamman ta fuskar diflomasiyya, kasuwanci, da tsaro. Manufarsa ta “America First” ta haifar da sabon salo na hulɗa da ƙasashe, inda ya jawo hankali kan batutuwan da suka shafi kasuwanci, tsaro, da kwanciyar hankali a duniya.
Gado a fannin siyasa da al’umma
Ko a matsayin abin koyi ko abin ƙalubalanta, Donald Trump ya kasance jigo a tarihin Amurka da siyasar duniya. Tasirinsa ya shafi hanyoyin sadarwa, salon kamfen, jagoranci, da hulɗar jama’a, wanda zai ci gaba da zama jigo ga masu nazari, ’yan siyasa, da al’umma baki ɗaya. Haka nan, mabanbantan ra’ayoyi da goyon bayan da yake samu a cikin gida da waje sun nuna yadda shugabanci mai jan hankali zai iya haifar da tasiri mai ɗorewa a tarihi.
Manazarta
BBC News. (2024, September 10). Donald Trump’s life story: From real estate to politics.
Donald J. Trump(n.d.). President Donald J. Trump Presidential Library.
Richards, B. (2025, January 20). Donald Trump Is the Second President in History Elected to 2 Non-Consecutive Terms — Here’s the Other. People.com.
Waterhouse, B. C. (2017). Donald Trump: Life Before the Presidency | Miller Center. Miller Center.
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