Ellen Johnson Sirleaf

A tarihin siyasar Afirka, sunaye kalilan ne ke bayyana ma’anar jajircewa, hazaƙa, da juriya kamar sunan Ellen Johnson Sirleaf. Mace ce da ta fuskanci barazanar kisa, ta ɗanɗana ɗacin zaman gidan yari, ta rayu a sansanin gudun hijira, sannan daga ƙarshe ta zama mace ta farko da aka zaɓa a matsayin shugabar ƙasa a nahiyar Afirka. Shugabancinta na tsawon shekaru 12 (2006–2018) ya kasance ginshiƙin sauya Laberiya daga ƙasar da yaƙi ya ɗaiɗaita zuwa ƙasar da ke tafiya a kan tafarkin dimokuraɗiyya da ci gaba.

Takaitaccen bayani

Haihuwa da tashi

An haifi Ellen Johnson a ranar 29 ga Oktoba, 1938, a birnin Monrovia. Kodayake an haife ta a cikin al’ummar da ake kira “Americo-Liberians” (wato, zuri’ar tsofaffin bayi daga Amurka) ke da rinjaye, Ellen tana alfahari da asalinta na ‘yar asalin kasar. Mahaifinta shi ne ɗan asalin kasar na farko da ya taɓa zama ɗan majalisa a Laberiya.

Ellen ta yi aure tana da shekaru 17 kacal, inda ta haifi ‘ya’ya maza hudu. Duk da kalubalen rayuwar aure da kuruciya, sha’awarta ta neman ilimi ba ta mutu ba. Ta koma Amurka a shekarar 1961, inda ta yi karatu a kwalejin Madison da ke Wisconsin. Daga baya, ta kafa tarihin karatu a matsayin mace ‘yar Afirka lokacin da ta samu digiri na biyu a fannin harkokin gwamnati daga Jami’ar Harvard a 1971. Wannan ilimi ne ya ba ta makaman da ta yi amfani da su wajen fuskantar matsalolin tattalin arziki a shekarun baya.

Gwagwarmayar siyasa

Gwagwarmayar Ellen Johnson Sirleaf ba ta faro daga zaɓe ba, ta faro ne daga jajircewa a gaban bindiga. A shekarar 1980, lokacin da aka yi juyin mulkin da ya kawo Samuel Doe kan mulki, an karkashe kusan dukkan jami’an gwamnatin da take ciki. Ellen ta tsira ne kawai saboda ƙwarewarta, amma Doe ya sanya ta a gaba.

A shekarar 1985, yayin da take yaƙin neman zaben majalisar dattawa, ta yi wata bajinta da har yau ake tunawa. Ta fito fili ta kira shugabannin sojan kasar da wawaye, saboda rashin sanin makamar aiki. Wannan ya sa aka cafke ta aka kai ta gidan yarin Post Stockade, inda aka yanke mata hukuncin kisa. A gidan yarin, ta fuskanci cin zarafi da barazanar kisa kullum. Sai dai jajircewarta ta sa ƙasashen duniya, musamman Amurka, suka sa baki. Bayan an sake ta, ta tsallake rijiya da baya ta tsere daga ƙasar ta ƙasar Ivory Coast zuwa Amurka. Wannan lokacin gudun hijirar ne ya ba ta damar yin aiki a matsayin mataimakiyar Sakatare Janar na MDD, inda ta kulla alaka da manyan shugabannin duniya wadanda daga baya suka taimaka mata wajen gina Laberiya.

Zama shugabar ƙasa da farfado da ƙasar

Lokacin da ta karbi mulki a ranar 16 ga Janairu, 2006, Laberiya ba ta amsa sunanta ƙasa ba. Babu wutar lantarki a Monrovia, babu ruwan famfo, kuma hanyoyin mota duk sun zama ramuka. Abin da ya fi wahala shi ne kusan kashi 80% na mutanen kasar ba su da aikin yi, sannan yara kanana dubu talatin ne ke yawo da bindigogi a matsayin tsofaffin sojojin tawaye.

Ellen ta fara ne da abin da ake kira “150-Day Action Plan,” wani tsari na kwanaki 150 don dawo da muhimman ayyuka. Ta mayar da hankali wajen sake gina hukumomin gwamnati da suka ruguje. Ta kafa dokar gaskiya da rikon amana, sannan ta gayyato kwararru daga kasashen waje don su taya ta gina tsarin kudi na kasar.

Juyin juya hali a bangaren tattalin arziki

Wannan shi ne babban darasin da duniya ta koya daga gare ta. Ana bin Laberiya bashin dala biliyan 4.6, wanda kudin ruwan bashin kawai ya fi karfin dukiyar kasar. Ellen ta yi amfani da kwarewarta ta tsohuwar ma’aikaciyar Bankin Duniya. Ta yi tafiye-tafiyen diflomasiyya zuwa Paris, Washington, da London, inda ta gaya wa masu bin bashin cewa: “Idan kuka matsa mana mu biya wannan bashin, kuna ingiza mu ne zuwa wani sabon yakin basasa.”

Ta hanyar tsarin HIPC (Heavily Indebted Poor Countries), ta yi nasarar goge kusan dukkan bashin kasar a shekarar 2010. Wannan nasarar ta ba Laberiya damar sake shiga kasuwar duniya. Ta janyo hannun jarin kasashen waje a bangaren ma’adinai (Iron Ore) da roba, wanda hakan ya sa tattalin arzikin kasar ya fara bunkasa da kusan kashi 7% zuwa 9% a duk shekara kafin ɓarkewar Ebola.

Zaman lafiya, sulhu, da yaƙin Ebola

Ellen ta fahimci cewa idan babu zaman lafiya, tattalin arziki ba zai taba dorewa ba. Ta kafa hukumar gaskiya da sulhu (Trust Reconciliation Commission) domin ba mutane damar fadar radadin da suka ji a lokacin yaki. Kodayake hukumar ta soki wasu matakan da ta dauka a baya, ta bar su suka kammala aikinsu don nuna cewa doka ta fi kowa.

Daga cikin nasarorin da Ellen ta samu akwai goge wa kasarta bashin da ya fi karfin arzikin kasar.

Babbar jarrabawarta ta karshe ita ce annobar Ebola ta 2014. Cutar ta kashe mutane sama da 4,800 a Laberiya kadai. Ellen ta fito fili ta nuna cewa tana tare da mutanenta. Ta dauki matakin rufe iyakoki da sanya dokar ta-baci, sannan ta rubuta budaddiyar wasika zuwa ga shugaban Amurka na lokacin, Barack Obama. Jajircewarta ta sa Amurka ta turo dakarun soji 3,000 don gina asibitoci. Ta hanyar bin diddigi da kulawa, Laberiya ta zama kasa ta farko a yankin da aka ayyana ta matsayin wadda ta kawar da Ebola, abin da ya ba duniya mamaki ganin raunin tsarin lafiyar kasar.

Nasarori  da lambar yabo

Tasirin Ellen Johnson Sirleaf ya wuce iyakokin kasar Laberiya; ta zama tamkar jagora ga daukacin matan Afirka da ma duniya baki daya. Ga wasu daga cikin nasarorin da ta samu:

Lambar yabo ta Nobel Peace Prize (2011)

An ba ta wannan lambar ne kwanaki kadan kafin zaben kasar Laberiya na shekarar 2011. An karrama ta ne tare da takwararta ta, Leymah Gbowee, da kuma Tawakkol Karman daga Yemen. Kwamitin Nobel ya bayyana cewa sun ba ta kyautar ne saboda kokarinta na samar da zaman lafiya ta hanyar da ba ta tashin hankali ba, da kuma fafutukar ganin mata sun shiga cikin tattaunawa ta neman zaman lafiya. Wannan lambar yabo ta sanya Laberiya a taswirar duniya a matsayin kasar da ta fito daga duhun yaki zuwa hasken zaman lafiya.

Kyautar Mo Ibrahim Prize for Achievement in African Leadership (2017)

Wannan ita ce kyauta mafi tsoka ga shugabannin Afirka (dala miliyan 5). Gidauniyar Mo Ibrahim ta ba ta wannan kyautar ne saboda bajintar da ta nuna na sauka daga mulki bayan ta kammala wa’adinta biyu, ba tare da kokarin yin tazarce ko sauya kundin tsarin mulki ba. Sun yaba da yadda ta gudanar da mulki a cikin kyakkyawan tsari da kuma yadda ta bar kasar cikin yanayi mafi kyau fiye da yadda ta same ta.

Jagorancin ECOWAS

A shekarar 2016, Sirleaf ta kafa tarihi a matsayin mace ta farko da aka zaba don jagorantar kungiyar ECOWAS. A lokacin shugabancinta, ta taka rawa sosai wajen magance rikicin siyasar kasar Gambiya bayan tsohon shugaba Yahya Jammeh ya ƙi mika mulki ga Adama Barrow. Ta jagoranci tawagar shugabanni zuwa birnin Banjul har sai da aka tabbatar da adalci da mika mulki cikin lumana.

Kalubale da suka

Duk da daukakar da ta samu a duniya, a gida Laberiya ta fuskanci suka mai tsanani a wasu bangarorin. Wadannan kalubalen ne suka sanya wasu ke ganin mulkinta yana da wasu tabbai:

Sirleaf ta yi gagarumar nsarar sake busa wa kasarta rai bayan da yaki ya ɗaiɗaita ta.

Zargin nuna son kai

Wannan ita ce babbar sukar da ta biyo bayanta. Sirleaf ta naɗa ‘ya’yanta maza a muhimman mukamai; misali, ta naɗa ɗanta Robert Sirleaf a matsayin shugaban kamfanin man fetur na kasa (NOCAL) kuma mashawarcin shugabar ƙasa. Ta kuma naɗa ɗanta Charles Sirleaf a matsayin mataimakin gwamnan babban bankin kasar. Duk da cewa ta bayyana cewa sun cancanci mukaman, mutane da dama sun kalli hakan a matsayin cin karo da kalaman da ta yi na yaki da nuna bangaranci da son kai.

Cin hanci da rashawa

A jawabinta na rantsarwa a 2006, ta ayyana cin hanci da rashawa a matsayin “Maƙiyan Al’umma” . Sai dai, a karshen mulkinta, mutane da dama sun koka da cewa ba ta hukunta manyan jami’an gwamnatinta da aka samu da ɗanyen aiki ba. Hukumar yaki da cin hanci ta kasar ta sha korafe-korafe kan rashin samun goyon bayan fadar shugaban kasa wajen gurfanar da masu laifi.

Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC)

Hukumar ta ba da shawarar cewa a hana Sirleaf riƙe mukamin gwamnati na tsawon shekaru 30 saboda goyon bayan da ta ba wa Charles Taylor a farkon yaƙin basasa, kodayake daga baya ta zama babbar mai adawa da shi. Sirleaf ta ƙi bin wannan shawarar, inda ta ce tana da hakkin tsayawa takara don ci gaba da ayyukan da ta fara na gyara kasar. Wannan mataki ya janyo ce-ce-ku-ce tsakanin masu fafutukar adalci da magoya bayanta.

Idan aka auna sikeli, masana tarihi na ganin cewa nasarorin Ellen Johnson Sirleaf sun fi nauyi nesa ba kusa ba fiye da gazawarta. Ta gaji kasar da aka ruguza kusan kashi 90% na ababen more rayuwa, amma ta mika kasa mai tsarin mulki, tattalin arziki mai girma, da kuma martaba a idon duniya. Ta nuna wa shugabannin Afirka cewa kishin kasa da diflomasiyya su ne makaman da za a iya amfani da su wajen gina kasa, ba wai bindiga ko mulkin kama-karya ba.

Sauka da mulki

A ranar 22 ga Janairu, 2018, Ellen Johnson Sirleaf ta kafa wani babban tarihi a nahiyar Afirka ta hanyar mika mulki ga zababben shugaban kasa, George Weah. Wannan mika mulki ya kasance babban abin misali saboda shi ne karon farko da aka samu mika mulki daga wannan shugaba zuwa wani cikin kwanciyar hankali da lumana a kasar Laberiya tun shekarar 1944. Wannan mataki ya tabbatar wa duniya cewa Laberiya ta fita daga jerin kasashen da juyin mulki ko yakin basasa ke zama hanyar canjin gwamnati, inda ta koma kasa mai bin tafarkin dimokuradiyya.

Gadon da Sirleaf ta bari

Gadon da Ellen ta bari ya wuce batun gina hanyoyi ko inganta tattalin arziki; babban gadonta shi ne ruguza shingayen da aka dade ana nunawa mata a fannin shugabanci. Ta nuna cewa shugabancin kasa ba na maza ne kadai ba, kuma mace za ta iya amfani da ilimi, hakuri, da kishin kasa wajen dinke barakar da yaki ya janyo. A yau, ana kallonta a matsayin jagorar daukakar mata a Afirka, wacce ta nuna cewa mace za ta iya gyara abin da aka ruguza na tsawon shekaru.

Ana yi wa Sirleaf laƙabi da Iron Lady

Har yanzu, bayan saukarta daga mulki, ba ta yi ritaya daga hidimar al’umma ba. Ta kafa gidauniyar “Ellen Johnson Sirleaf Presidential Center for Women and Development” domin ci gaba da horarwa da karfafa gwiwar mata matasa a fadin nahiyar Afirka. Wannan cibiya tana aiki ne wajen samar da sabon jinsin shugabanni mata wadanda za su taka rawa a fagen siyasa, tattalin arziki, da zamantakewa. Gadon Ellen Johnson Sirleaf zai ci gaba da zama madubi ga kowace mace mai burin kawo canji a kasarta, yana tuna musu cewa babu abin da ba zai yiwu ba muddin akwai juriya da sanin ya kamata.

Manazarta

Mo Ibrahim Foundation. (2018). 2017 Ibrahim Prize for Achievement in African Leadership: Ellen Johnson Sirleaf. 

The Ellen Johnson Sirleaf Presidential Center for Women and Development. (n.d.). Our Founder: Ellen Johnson Sirleaf.

Encyclopaedia Britannica. (2024). Ellen Johnson Sirleaf: President of Liberia.

An wallafa wannan makalar 7 January, 2026, sannan an sabunta ta 13 January, 2026.

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