Kifaye halittu ne da ke rayuwa a cikin ruwa, suna da ƙaya a jikinsu da gadon bayansu, kuma suna shaƙar numfashi ta hanyar wani abu da ake kira gills. Kifaye nau’in-nau’i ne da dama, amma akan kira dukkan nau’o’in da suna kifi.
Tsayin kifi ya fara ne daga ƙasa milli-mita 10 (daidai da inci 0.4) zuwa sama da mita 20 (daidai da ƙafa 60), kuma yana da nauyi daga kimanin gram 1.5 zuwa dubban kilogiram. Wasu suna rayuwa a cikin maɓuɓɓugar ruwa mai zurfi a yanayin da kan yi sama da digiri 42 °C (100 ° F), wasu a cikin teku mai sanyi da yanayi ƙasa da (32 ° F) ko cikin ruwa mai zurfi sama da mita 4,000 (daidai da ƙafa 13,100) a teku. Kifaye sun wanzu sama da shekaru miliyan 450, a lokacin ne suka yi ta samuwa akai-akai kuma suna dacewa da kusan kowane nau’in ruwa a matsayin muhallinsu.
Amfanin kifi a tsarin abinci da kiwon lafiya
• Kiwon lafiya
Vitamins da minerals da sinadarin fatty acid a cikin kifi na iya taimakawa wajen kiwon lafiya matuƙa. Vitamin B12 da ake samu a cikin kifi yana da mahimmanci wajen inganta ƙwayoyin jajayen jini, samar da DNA, da aikin jijiya. Cin isasshen bitamin B12 yana taimakawa wajen kauce wa haɗarin kamuwa da hauka da cututtukan zuciya. Rashin bitamin B12 kuma yana da alaƙa da matsaloli kamar gajiya mai tsanani da anemia. Sauran fa’idojin kifi ga harkokin kiwon lafiyar sun haɗa da:
Lafiyar kwakwalwa
Kifi yana da wadatar nau’in sinadarin kitse da aka fi sani da omega fatty acids. Waɗannan kitse suna da mahimmanci wajen kiyaye lafiyar kwakwalwa. Ƙarancin sinadarin omega-3 fatty acids yana haifar da saurin tsufa ga ƙwaƙwalwa da matsalar mantuwa har ma da nakasar sashen fahimta na ƙwaƙwalwa.
Rage haɗarin ciwon zuciya
Omega-3 fatty acid yana taimakavwa wajen rage haɗarin cututtukan zuciya lokacin da ake amfani da shi akai-akai. Waɗannan sinadarai suna rage girman gudan jini, suna iya taimakawa wajen rage hawan jini.
Inganta ƙwaƙwalwar jariri yayin ɗaukar ciki
Omega-3 fatty acid muhimmin tubalin ginin ƙwaƙwalwa da idanu da jijiyoyi ne ga jariran da ke girma a cikin mahaifa. Da zarar an haife su, jarirai suna samun DHA da sauran muhimman abubuwan gina jiki don girma daga madarar nono, muddin iyayensu mata sun ci gaba da cin kifi. Nazari ya nuna cewa, yara suna cin gajiyar ci gaba ta wannan hanyar lokacin da iyayensu ke cin kifi sau biyu zuwa uku (2 – 3) a mako guda yayin da suke da juna biyu da kuma lokacin shayarwa.
Kifi na inganta barci
Kifi yana taimakawa wajen samun barci mai daɗi. Omega-3s da bitamin D a cikin kifi suna taimakawa wajen daidaita matakin sinadarin serotonin a cikin kwakwalwa, kuma serotonin yana ba da gudummawa ga ingantaccen barci. Saboda sinadarin serotonin yana samar da sinadarin melatonin na hormone na barci wanda ke taimaka a ji barci. Bugu da ƙari, kitsen acid DHA da ake samu a cikin kifi shi ma yana taka rawa a cikin barci ta hanyar samar da sinadarin melatonin kai tsaye. Kyakkyawan yanayin barci yakan yaɗu zuwa wasu sassan jin daɗin jiki, kamar lafiyar jiki da ta ƙwaƙwalwa.
Kifi na rage haɗarin asma ga yara
Omega-3 fatty acids suna da sinadaran daƙile kumburi kuma suna iya rage kumburin hunhu da ke haɗe da cutar asma. Fara ba wa yara kifi a cikin abincin da wuri, lokacin da suke tsakanin watanni 6-9 da haɗa shi aƙalla sau ɗaya a cikin abinci na mako-mako na iya inganta alamomin cutar asma da rage haɗarin kamuwa da cutar a tsakanin yara ‘yan ƙasa da shekaru 14.
Inganta gani a lokacin tsufa
Lafiyayyen kitse da mai da ke cikin kifin da ke faruwa a zahiri suna da kyau ga lafiyar idanunmu. Yayin da muke tsufa, cin kifi – musamman masu mai kamar sardines, salmon da kifi – na iya taimaka mana kula da idanu masu lafiya har ma da juyar da bushewar ido.
Rage damuwa
Har ila yau, Omega-3 fatty acids yana da tasiri mai ƙarfi wajen rage damuwa. Omega fatty acids na da muhimmin tasiri na ayyukan wasu magungunan rage damuwa, wannan na da alaƙa da kasancewar waɗannan sinadarai suna taimaka wa ƙwaƙwalwa sosai.
• Abinci mai gina jiki
Kifi shi ne babban tushen samar da sinadarin furotin, wanda ke da mahimmanci wajen kiyaye lafiyar tsoka, gabobin jiki, da tasoshin jini. Furotin yana taimakawa wajen tallafa wa aikin tantanin halitta, haɓaka gashi, har ma da ƙwayoyin sha’awa wato hormones. Ana amfani da shi ta kowane fuska wajen inganta lafiyar jiki.
Har ila yau, kifi yana da wadatar sinadarin iodine, wanda shi ne minerals mai mahimmanci da jiki ba zai iya samarwa da kansa ba. Iodine yana da mahimmanci ga aikin thyroid, wanda ke sarrafa abubuwa kamar ci da tsarin garkuwar jiki. Kifi gabaɗaya yana da kyakkyawan sinadaran gina jiki kamar:
- Vitamin D
- Vitamin B12
- Iron
- Phosphorous
- Niacin
Abin lura game da cin kifi
Kowa zai iya amfana da yawan cin kifi, amma wasu rukunin mutane dole ne su kula da irin nau’in kifin da suke ci, da kuma yawansa. Mata masu juna-biyu ko masu shayarwa da yara ‘yan ƙasa da shekaru 11 sun fi kamuwa da mummunan tasirin mercury, kuma wasu nau’in kifayen sun ƙunshi mercury fiye da sauran. Haka nan mata masu juna-biyu su guji cin halittu cikin ruwa waɗanda ba a dafa sosai ba.
Tsarin rayuwar kifaye
Dukkan nau’ikan kifaye suna da tsari da ƙa’ida ta musamman a wajen haihuwa da yadda suke girma, kuma suna fifita wasu wuraren zama don haihuwa da kuma farkon girman jariransu, wato sabbin ƙyanƙyasa. Ana iya samun kifayen da ke manyan tafkuna da yawa a cikin ruwa mara zurfi a lokacin wani zango na rayuwarsu.
Yawancin nau’o’in kifaye suna amfani da ruwa mai zurfi na tafkuna ko koguna a matsayin matsuguni. Wasu, irin su north pike, sun fi son wuraren dausayi da ruwa mai ciyayi. Wasu irin su whitefish sun fi son ruwa marar zurfi, wanda ke samar da wurare masu kyau da abinci da duwatsu don kariya ga ƙwai wanda daga baya yake zama fry.
Yanayin rayuwar kifaye ya bambanta tsakanin nau’in-nau’in. Gabaɗaya kifi yana samuwa da girma a bisa matakai masu zuwa:
Ƙwai
Ƙwayaye suna girma zuwa matakin zama kifi. Yawancin ƙwayayen kifi ba sa daɗewa har su kai ga ƙyanƙyasa bare su girma ko da a cikin yanayi mafi kyau ne. Sakamakon dalilai da suka haɗa da canje-canje a yanayin zafin ruwa da matakan iskar oxygen da ambaliya ko kuma harin mafarauta.
Larval
Larval matakin rayuwa ne ga kifaye, a wannan zango, ƙwayayen kifin suna rayuwa ne a cikin tantanin ƙwaiduwar da ke manne a jikinsu. Lokacin da ta tantanin ƙwaiduwar ta girma ta cika sosai, kifayen sun zama matasa ana kiran matasan kifaye fry.
Fry
Fry shi ma zangon rayuwa ne da kifaye kan kai, wato a lokacin sun shirya don fara cin abinci da kansu. A wannan zango suna fuskantar wasu matakan girma da yawa, waɗanda suka bambanta da wasu nau’in, yayin da suke girma zuwa zangon manyantaka. Yawancin kifaye ana lura da su a cikin ‘yan watannin farko zuwa ƙasa da shekara guda a wasu nau’in.
Juvenile
Lokacin da kifaye ke ɗauka suna girma daga matakin fry zuwa manya masu girma da za su iya haihuwa ya bambanta tsakanin nau’ikan kifayen. Yawancin kifaye ba sa girma har su zama manya. Matsaloli da dama kan daƙile hakan kamar sauyin yanayin zafin ruwa, canje-canjen matakan iskar oxygen gwagwarmayar neman wurin zama da harin mafarauta.
Adults
Lokacin da kifaye suka samu damar haifuwa, ana ɗauka cewa sun zama manya. Lokacin da suke ɗauka don isa ga balagarsu ya bambanta tsakanin nau’in halittar kifayen. Kifayen da ke da gajeren zangon rayuwa suna girma cikin sauri. Misali, nau’in gobies, jinsin matansu suna girma su balaga a cikin kusan shekara ɗaya kuma suna rayuwa tsawon shekaru biyu zuwa uku. Lake sturgeon zai iya rayuwa daga shekaru 80-150, amma jinsin matansu ba sa balaga har sai sun kai kimanin shekaru 25.
Yadda kifi yake ƙwai (Spawning)
Kifaye jinsin mata suna sakin ƙwai a cikin ruwa, ko dai a cikin wani kwari na ruwan ko cikin sheƙa, yayin da jinsin namiji kuma ke zuba maniyyinsa a kan ƙwan. Ba duk ƙwai ne ake takin ba. Wasu kifayen suna haifuwa a kowace shekara bayan sun balaga, wasu kuma suna haihuwa bayan wani wa’adi (alal misali, bayan kowace shekara biyu), yayin da wasu kuma suna haihuwa ne sau ɗaya kawai sai su mutu.
Halaye da ɗabi’un kifaye
Faɗa
Yawancin kifaye suna nuna fusata a matsayin halayensu ko ɗabi’a ta halitta kuma koyaushe suna kare muhallansu har su kai ga mutuwa. Wasu kifayen ba su dace a ajiye su a gida a cikin akwatin kiwon kifaye ɗaya ba saboda sukan yi fada da wasu kifayen.
Iyo ba da niyya
Kifaye gabaɗaya yana iyo cikin kuskure ba da niyya ba, a yayin wasa ko motsa jiki, amma yawaitar yin iyo ba da niyya ba na iya zama matsololin rashin lafiya ga kifayen saboda rashin ingancin ruwa. Gwajin ingancin ruwa zai taimaka wajen gano dalilin sauyawar halayyar kifayen ta yin iyo ba da gangan ba.
Halayen kariya
Akwai dabaru da dama masu amfani waɗanda kifaye za su iya ɗauka don samun kariya daga mafarauta.
Waɗannan sun haɗa da daskarewa, ɓoyewa, neman haɗin-kan wasu kifaye, da kai hari. Sauran martanin sun fi kama. Yellow perch yana nutsewa kuma ya ƙi yub motsi a ƙasa. Yawancin kifaye irin su flowre suna iya binne kansu da sauri cikin yashi.
Manazarta
Admintag. (2022, November 3). What are the health benefits of fish oils? Questions and Answers.
EPH-EHS–Environmental Health and Safety–4400. (n.d.). Health benefits of fish. Washington State Department of Health.
Fishxperts (2021, October 27). Fish behaviour.. Fishxperts.
Teaching Great Lakes Science. (n.d.): Fish Life Cycle. Michiganseagrant.org
Vil, J. (2024, October 4). 7 best health benefits of eating fish. HealthPartners Blog.
WebMD Editorial Contributor. (2022, September 18). Health benefits of fish. WebMD.