Kimiyya fanni ne na sani, wanda ya shafi garwaye-garwaye na abubuwa ingantattu. Kalmar “Kimiyya” asalin ta kalmar Larabci ce daga “Al-Keemiyya” kuma tana da ma’anoni guda biyu, inji Mu’ujamul Waseet, watau ɗaya daga cikin ƙamus ɗin Larabci na zamani. Ƙamus ɗin yace: “Malaman da, ko magabata, suna amfani da wannan kalma ne don nufin canza nau’in ma’adanai daga wani nau’in zuwa wani.” Idan kuma suka ce “Ilimin Kimiyya”, suna nufin “…ilimin sanin yadda ake zagwanyar da sinadaran ƙarkashin ƙasa ne, don samar da wani nau’in daban (musamman don mayar da su zinare).” To amma a wajen Malaman Zamani, a Larabce idan aka ce “Kimiyya”, in ji wannan ƙamus, yana nufin: “…ilimin binciken wani fanni (musamman na karkashin kasa) mai dauke da dokoki (ko ka’idojin) da ke taimakawa wajen fahimtar tsarin sa.” (Mu’ujamul Waseet, shafi na 844).
Ilmin kimiyya wani ilimi ne da ke ɗauka da nazartar abubuwan, ɗabi’a da suke kewaye da ɗan’adam. Ilmin kimiyya da fasaha ilmi ne da yake da daraja mafi ƙololuwa wurin ɗaga darajar ɗana’dam da ƙasa da kuma al’umma baki ɗaya. Ta fuskar kawo sauye-sauye masu matuƙar amfani tare nusantar da ɗan’adam cigaban rayuwarsa. Manazarta da dama sun yi bayani game da ilmin kimiya da fasaha a doron ƙasa.
Ilimin kimiya da fasaha ya dogara kan wasu matakan gano haƙiƙar abubuwa, ta hanyar gwaje-gwaje da ake kira da “experiment” a Turance. Masana kimiyya na lura da yadda ɗabi’a ke tafiya a sararin duniya ta hanyar lura, ɗanɗano, ji, gani ko shinshinawa. Ɗakin da ake gwaje-gwajen kimiyya shi ake kira da “laboratory” a Turance.
Kimiyya ta rabu gida daban-daban amma tushenta ya hada da ilimin rayuwa da ake kira da Biology, ilimin Fiziks da kuma ilimin Kemistiri. Akwai ilimai da yawa da suka fita daga karkashin kimiyya kamar na sararin samaniya da ake kira da “Cosmology”, na taurari da ake kira da “Astronomy”, da kuma na ƙananun abubuwa da ake kira da “Quantum Mechanics”, da dai sauran su.
Wannan kalma ta Kimiyya ita ce Hausawa suka aro ta, kuma suke fassara ma’anar da “Science” da ita, kamar yadda Neil Skinner ya tabbatar a cikin ƙamus na Turanci da Hausa, shafi na 156, inda ya kawo kalmar Science, yace: “ilimi irin na zamani (kamar su Kimiyya).” Wannan ke nuna cewa kalmar “Kimiyya” da Hausawa ke nufi, shi ne ma’anar da kalmar Turanci ta Science ke badawa, ba wacce ma’anar kalmar Larabci ke bayarwa ba.
A ɗaya ɓangaren kuma, kalmar “Fasaha”, ita ma daga Larabci muka aro ta asalinta shi ne: “Al-fasaahatu”, wadda ke nufin “bayyanawa ko kuɓutar harshe ko lafuzza daga sarƙaƙiyar zance ko rubutu, mai haddasa wahalar fahimta”, inji Mu’ujamul Waseet, a shafi na 723. A hausance idan aka ce “fasaha”, (dangane da wannan ma’ana da kamus din ya bayar), ana nufin “bayyanannen abu, wanda babu sarƙaƙiya a ciki ko wahalar fahimta a tare da shi”.
A ɗaya bangaren kuma, ƙamus ɗin ya ci gaba: “Faseehi shi ne mutum mai kyautata zance, mai bambance kyakkyawa daga mummuna wajen zance.” A nashi ɓangaren, Al Imam Ibnul Atheer ma haka ya tabbatar a littafinsa mai suna An-Nihaayah fee Gareebil Hadeeth wal Athar, mujalladi na 3, shafi na 403. Ga abinda yace kan kalmar “Faseehi”, siffar mai “Fasaha”: “…(mutum) mai sarƙƙiyar harshe wajen zance, wanda ya san kyakkyawa daga mummuna.” Dukkan waɗannan ma’anoni a Larabce kenan. Amma a harshen Hausa, kamar yadda ma’anar kalmar “’Kimiyya” a Larabce ta sha bamban da ma’anarta a Hausa, to haka ma ma’anar kalmar “Fasaha” ta sha bamban da ma’anarta na Larabci.
A cikin ƙamus ɗinsa mai suna Hausa-English Dictionary, shafi na 309, wanda aka wallafa tun shekarar 1934, Likita Bergery ya kawo ma’anar kalmar “Fasaha” da abinda take nufi a Hausance da kuma Larabce, inda yace: “Fasaha: Cleverness, whether of brain or hand. (But in Arabic = Eloquence).” Kamar yadda sunan kamus din ya nuna, marubucin na kawo kalmar Hausa, sannan ya fassara ma’anarta a turance. Ya kuma tabbatar da cewa a Hausance, kalmar “Fasaha” na nufin “hazaka” ne wajen tunani ko iya tsara abu da hannu. Amma a Larabce, kamar yadda ya nuna cikin baka biyu, abinda kalmar ke nufi shine “iya tsara zance”, ko “hikima wajen iya magana, ta yadda kowa zai iya fahimta, komai karancin ilmin sa.” Wannan kuwa shine abinda ake kira Eloquence a harshen Turanci. Kuma shine ma’anar da dukkan ƙamus din Larabci ke bayarwa.
Akwai kuma wasu iliman da suke dan ganta kansu da kimiyya saboda suna kwatanta yadda kimiyyar ke aiki a tsarin binciken su. Irin waɗannan ilimai sun haɗu a ɓangaren da ake kira Kimiyyar Jama’a (Social Science) kamar Kimiyyar Tattalin Arziki (wadda take daban a ayyukkan tattalin arziƙi), Kimiyyar siyasa (Political Science) da kuma ilimin halayyar jama’a (Sociology). Waɗannan ilimai ana kiran su da Kimiyya ne, saboda suna kokarin nazartar rayuwar dan Adam ko jama’a, kuma su fitar da nazura da su ke kokarin sharhi na musamman kan dalilin da ya kuma sanya wani abu ke faruwa a cikin jama’a.
Amfanin ilmin kimiya
- Ilmin kimiya na da matuƙar amfani ga al’umma ta fuskar tabbatar da sauye-sauye tare da samar da ci gaban rayuwa. Musamman abin da ya shafi bunƙasa tunanin ɗan’adam tare da ba shi gudunmuwar cimma muradan da suke kimshe cikin ƙwaƙwalwa da kuma tunaninsa.
- Ilmin kimiya na samar da ci gaba a ƙasa ta fanin haɓaka tattalin arziƙinta zuwa daraja mafi ƙololuwa misali. Ƙasashen da suka ci gaba suna da ƙwarewa ta fuskar ƙere-ƙere wanda duka abu ne ya shafi kimiya da kuma fasaha.
Misali bari mu ɗauki ƙasar Indiya.
A duniya karankaf ƙasar Indiya ce ta uku a fanin cigaba da fanin ƙere-ƙeren lantarki. Inda take biye wa ƙasar Amuruka da kuma Rasha. A ƙididdigar shekarar 2003 ƙasar indiya ta mallaki ƙwararru kan harkar kimiya da ƙere-ƙere da lantarki sama da miliyan huɗu. A shekarar 1985 kaɗai ta yi rijista da injiniyoyi 750,000. Tana da manyan cibiyoyin koyar da ilmin kimiyya da fasahar ƙere-ƙere guda biyar da ake kira indian institutes of technology waɗanda take ba su tallafi mai tsoka don karantar da ingantaccen ilmi ga ‘yar ƙasarta da masu shigowa daga wasu ƙasashe. Ƙasar Indiya na fitar da galibin hajojinta zuwa ƙasar Amurka da sauran ƙasashen Turai.
A shekar 2008 ƙasar Indiya ta samu dalar Amuruka dala na gugar dala har sama da biliyan goma sha ɗaya wajen sayar da mamhajojin kwamfuta da ƴan asalim ƙasarta suka gina kaɗai. Duk wannan bai samu ba sai a dalilin inganta kimiya da kuma fasaha. Wannan kuma ya sa ƙasashe irinta da Malesiya da kuma Singafo suke tururuwar samun ɗalibai ta kowace fuska daga ƙasashen duniya.