Krypton wani sinadari ne mai matuƙar muhimmanci a ilimin kimiyyar sinadarai da kimiyyar lissafin taurari, wanda yake cikin rukunin noble gases, wato rukuni na 18 a jadawalin sinadarai. Alamarsa ita ce Kr, kuma yana da lamba atomic 36, wanda ke nuna cewa yana da proton 36 a cikin ƙwayar atom ɗinsa. A yanayin jiki na asali, krypton gas ne marar launi, marar wari, kuma marar ɗanɗano, kuma yana daga cikin sinadarai mafi rashin hulɗa da wasu sinadarai saboda cikakken tsarin electrons ɗinsa na waje. Wannan cikakken tsarin lantarki ne ke sa yake da kwanciyar hankali sosai, wanda ya sa ake kiransa inert gas ko noble gas.
Krypton yana samuwa a cikin iska (atmosphere) a ƙananan adadi sosai, inda yake wakiltar kusan kaso 1 cikin miliyan na dukkan iskar duniya. Duk da wannan ƙaranci, yana da matuƙar muhimmanci a fannoni da dama na kimiyya da fasaha. Saboda siffofinsa na musamman, krypton yana taka rawa a masana’antar hasken lantarki, musamman a fitilun da ke ba da haske mai ƙarfi da inganci. Haka kuma, yana da amfani a fasahar laser, a na’urorin daukar hoto, da kuma a wasu binciken kimiyyar sararin samaniya, inda ake amfani da shi wajen nazarin abubuwan da suka shafi yanayin taurari da samuwar duniya.
Ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan da suka bambanta krypton da sauran sinadarai shi ne rashin sauƙin haɗuwa da sinadarai. Ba kamar oxygen ko chlorine ba, krypton ba ya haɗuwa da sauran sinadarai cikin sauƙi, sai a yanayi na musamman kamar matsanancin sanyi ko matsin lamba mai ƙarfi. Wannan siffa ta inertness ta sa krypton ya zama abin bincike mai muhimmanci da fahimtar yadda tsarin lantarki ke tasiri ga siffofin sinadarai. Duk da kasancewarsa gas mai natsuwa, krypton na iya samar da wasu sinadarai a karkashin yanayi na musamman, wanda ya nuna cewa ko noble gases ma ba su da cikakkiyar rashin hulɗa kamar yadda aka ɗauka a da.
A fannin kimiyyar zamani, krypton yana da muhimmanci wajen auna tsawo da daidaiton ma’auni. A wani lokaci a tarihi, an yi amfani da wani nau’in hasken krypton wajen ayyana tsawon mita a tsarin ma’auni na duniya, kafin a maye gurbinsa da hasken laser. Wannan ya nuna cewa krypton ba sinadari ne na dakin gwaje-gwaje ba kawai, yana da tasiri kai tsaye a rayuwar yau da kullum ta hanyar fasaha da kimiyya.
Tarihin gano sinadarin krypton
An gano sinadarin krypton a shekarar 1898 a lokacin da kimiyyar gano noble gases ke samun babban cigaba. Masana kimiyya sun gano shi ne yayin binciken abubuwan da suka rage bayan an cire oxygen, nitrogen, da sauran manyan sinadarai daga iska. Wannan bincike ya nuna cewa akwai wasu sinadarai a cikin iska da ba a taɓa gano su ba a baya, waɗanda suke da siffofi na musamman na rashin haɗuwa da sauran sinadarai.
Gano krypton ya faru ne ta hanyar amfani da hanyar fractional distillation ta liquid air, wato rarraba iska da aka sanyaya sosai har ta zama ruwa, sannan a raba sinadaranta bisa bambancin yanayin tafasarsu. Lokacin da aka ci gaba da tace ragowar iska bayan an cire argon, sai aka gano wani sabon gas da ya fi argon nauyi kuma ya fi shi ƙaranci a cikin iska. Wannan sabon gas ne aka tabbatar da cewa wani sabon sinadari ne gabaɗaya, ba haɗin wani sinadari ba.
Sunan krypton ya samo asali ne daga kalmar Girkanci “kryptos”, wadda ke nufin “ɓoye” ko “abu da ke a ɓoye”. An ba shi wannan suna ne saboda wahalar gano shi a cikin iska, kasancewarsa a ƙananan adadi sosai, da kuma yadda ya “ɓoye” daga ganowar masana na tsawon lokaci. Wannan suna ya dace da siffofinsa, domin krypton sinadari ne mai wahalar samu kuma mai nutsuwa wanda ba ya bayyana sauƙin hulɗarsa da sauran sinadarai.
A farkon lokaci bayan gano shi, ba a fahimci muhimmancin krypton sosai ba, domin an fi mai da hankali kan sinadarai masu hulɗa da sauƙi. Sai dai daga baya, da cigaban fasaha da kimiyyar lantarki, masana suka gano cewa krypton na da amfani sosai a fannoni da dama, musamman a hasken lantarki, lasers, da na’urorin bincike. Wannan ya sa krypton ya zama ɗaya daga cikin sinadarai masu muhimmanci a kimiyyar zamani, duk da cewa yana daga cikin sinadarai mafi ƙaranci a cikin iska.
Siffofin sinadarin krypton
Gurbinsa a jadawalin sinadarai
Krypton yana cikin rukunin noble gases a jadawalin sinadarai, wato rukuni na 18, wanda ya haɗa da helium, neon, argon, xenon, da radon. Wannan rukuni ana kiransa sinadarai masu nutsuwa saboda cikakken tsarin electrons a shell ɗinsu na waje, wanda ke sa su zama masu matuƙar kwanciyar hankali kuma ba sa shiga haɗuwa da sinadarai cikin sauƙi. Krypton yana a layi na huɗu (period 4), yana tsakanin argon da xenon, wanda ke nuna cewa yana da nauyi fiye da argon amma ya fi xenon sauƙi.
Lambar atomic ta krypton ita ce 36, wato yana da proton 36 da electron 36 a yanayi na tsaka-tsaki. Tsarin lantarki na krypton shi ne [Ar] 3d¹⁰ 4s² 4p⁶, wanda ke nuna cewa shell ɗinsa na waje ya cika da electrons takwas. Wannan cikakken tsarin ne ke ba shi kwanciyar hankali sosai, yana hana shi yin hulɗa da sauran sinadarai cikin sauƙi. Saboda haka, krypton ana ɗaukar shi a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin sinadarai da ke da tsarin inert a jadawalin sinadarai.
Matsayinsa a cikin noble gases yana nuna wasu siffofi na musamman, kamar ƙarancin haɗuwa da sinadarai, rashin ƙarfi wajen yin hulɗa da acids ko bases, da kuma kasancewarsa gas a yanayin zafin ɗaki. Duk da haka, idan aka kwatanta da helium ko neon, krypton yana da girman atom mafi yawa da sauƙin polarizability, wanda ke nufin zai iya shiga hulɗa a wasu yanayi na musamman kamar matsin lamba mai ƙarfi ko zafin da ya wuce kima.
Siffofin krypton na waje
A yanayin jiki na asali, krypton gas ne marar launi, marar wari, kuma marar ɗanɗano. Ba a iya ganin shi da ido a yanayin asali, domin ba shi da wani launi ko wari da zai nuna kasancewarsa. Sai dai, idan aka saka shi a cikin bututun lantarki (discharge tube) kuma aka saka wutar lantarkn a cikinsa, yana fitar da haske mai launin fari mai ɗan shuɗi, wanda ya bambanta da sauran noble gases kamar neon da ke ba da ja.
Krypton yana da nauyin gas mafi girma fiye da iska. Yawan nauyinsa yana kusan ninki uku na iska, wanda hakan ke nuna cewa idan aka sake shi a cikin wuri rufaffe, zai iya taruwa a ƙasa. Zafin da ke narka shi yana kusan −157 °C, yayin da yake tafasa a zafin da ya kai −153 °C. Wannan yana nuna cewa dole ne a sanyaya shi sosai kafin ya koma ruwa ko kankara.
A yanayin matsanancin sanyi, krypton na iya zama ruwa ko kankara mai launin fari. A wannan yanayi, atoms ɗinsa suna kusa da juna, amma duk da haka suna riƙe da siffofin inertness. Wannan siffofi na waje suna sa krypton ya zama mai amfani a gwaje-gwajen kimiyya da ke buƙatar gas mai tsafta da ba zai shiga hulɗa da sauran sinadarai ba.
Siffofinsa na sinadari
Krypton yana daga cikin sinadarai mafi ƙarancin haɗuwa da sauran sinadarai, saboda cikakken tsarin electrons ɗinsa. A yanayin asali, ba ya yin hulɗa da yawancin sinadarai, ko da a gaban acids masu ƙarfi ko oxidizing agents. Wannan inertness ya sa ya zama mai amfani a wuraren da ake buƙatar yanayi mai tsafta wanda ba zai canja sinadarai ba.
Sai dai binciken kimiyya na zamani ya nuna cewa krypton na iya samar da wasu sinadarai a yanayi na musamman. Misali, an samar da krypton difluoride (KrF₂) a ƙarƙashin matsanancin yanayi, wanda ke nuna cewa krypton na iya shiga hulɗa da fluorine, mafi ƙarfi daga halogens. Wannan sinadari yana nuna krypton a oxidation state +2, wanda ya saɓa da tunanin da ake da shi a da cewa noble gases ba su da oxidation states.
Haɗuwar krypton da sauran sinadarai yawanci tana buƙatar zafi mai ƙarfi, hasken ultraviolet, ko matsin lamba mai tsanani. Wannan ya nuna cewa inertness na krypton ba cikakke ba ne, yana da iyaka. Duk da haka, irin waɗannan hulɗa ba sa faruwa a yanayin rayuwa na yau da kullum.
Siffofinsa na lantarki
Daya daga cikin muhimman siffofin krypton shi ne siffarsa ta lantarki da photophysical. Krypton yana da babban ionization energy, wato yana buƙatar ƙarfi mai yawa kafin a cire electron daga atom ɗinsa. Wannan yana nuna irin kwanciyar hankalinsa da rashin sauƙin shiga hulɗar lantarki.
A lokacin da wutar lantarki ta wuce ta cikin krypton gas, electrons suna motsawa zuwa matakai masu ƙarfi sannan su dawo, suna fitar da haske a cikin wannan tsari. Wannan emission na haske ne ke ba krypton damar amfani a fitilun lantarki, lasers, da na’urorin daukar hoto. Hasken krypton yana da tsawon zango na musamman wanda ya sa aka taɓa amfani da shi wajen ayyana ma’aunin mita a kimiyyar ma’auni.
A fannin photophysics, krypton yana taka rawa a excimer lasers, musamman krypton-fluoride lasers, waɗanda ke samar da haske mai ƙarfi a yankin ultraviolet. Wannan fasaha tana da amfani a tiyatar ido, microelectronics, da binciken kimiyya. Saboda kasancewarsa gas mai nutsuwa, krypton yana da matuƙar muhimmanci a fasahar zamani da kimiyyar haske.
Haɗuwa da sauran sinadarai
Krypton da Fluorine
Fluorine shi ne mafi ƙarfi a cikin halogens wajen jan electrons, saboda haka yana da ikon karya kwanciyar hankalin krypton idan aka samar da yanayi mai tsanani kamar matsin lamba mai ƙarfi, zafi, ko hasken ultraviolet. A irin wannan yanayi ne aka samu nasarar samar da krypton difluoride (KrF₂), wanda shi ne mafi shaharar compound na krypton.
Krypton difluoride sinadari ne mai ƙarfi wanda ke aiki ya matsayin oxidizing agent mai tsanani. Yana iya karɓar electrons daga wasu sinadarai, yana sa su shiga hulɗa da fluorine cikin sauƙi. Samuwar KrF₂ ya zama muhimmin ci gaba a kimiyyar sinadarai, domin ya nuna cewa noble gases ba su da cikakken rashin haɗuwa da sauran sinadarai kamar yadda aka yi tunani a baya.
Krypton da Oxygen da Nitrogen
A yanayin asali, krypton ba ya yin hulɗa kai tsaye da oxygen ko nitrogen. Waɗannan sinadarai biyu suna da kwanciyar hankali sosai, kuma ba su da ƙarfin da zai iya karya inertness na krypton. Saboda haka, ba a samun compounds na krypton da oxygen ko nitrogen a yanayi na yau da kullum.
Sai dai a dakin gwaje-gwaje, masana sun sami damar samar da wasu haɗaɗɗun sinadarai na krypton da oxygen a cikin yanayi na musamman, kamar lokacin da ake amfani da matrices na sanyi sosai (cryogenic conditions). A irin wannan yanayi, ana iya samun sinadarai masu ɗan gajeren lokaci waɗanda ba su da kwanciyar hankali, kuma suna rarrabuwa da zarar yanayin ya koma na asali.
Dalilin rashin sauƙin haɗuwa da sauran sinadarai
Babban dalilin rashin haɗuwar krypton da sauran sinadarai shi ne cikakken tsarin electrons ɗinsa a shell na waje. Krypton yana da electrons takwas a shell na waje (octet), wanda ke ba shi kwanciyar hankali sosai. A kimiyyar sinadarai, atoms suna yawan shiga hulɗa ne domin su cika ko su daidaita tsarin electrons ɗinsu, amma krypton ya riga ya cika, don haka ba shi da buƙatar yin hulɗa.
Haka kuma, krypton yana da babban ionization energy, wanda ke nufin yana buƙatar ƙarfi mai yawa kafin a cire electron daga gare shi. Wannan yana sa sinadarai masu son karɓar electrons ko bayar da electrons su kasa yin hulɗa da shi cikin sauƙi. Bugu da ƙari, electron affinity na krypton yana ƙaranci, wanda hakan ke nufin ba ya son karɓar electrons daga wasu sinadarai.
Rabe-raben isotopes ɗin krypton
Isotopes ɗin krypton su ne nau’o’in atom ɗin wannan sinadari da ke da lambar atomic iri ɗaya (36) amma suka bambanta a adadin neutrons da ke cikin ƙwayar halittarsu. Wannan bambanci yana haifar da sauyi a nauyin atomic da kuma wasu siffofin nukiliya, duk da cewa siffofin sinadarai na isotopes ɗin gabaɗaya suna kusan iri ɗaya. Krypton yana daga cikin sinadarai masu yawan isotopes, inda ake samun duka masu dawwama (stable) da kuma masu gajeren lokaci (radioactive).
Nazarin waɗannan isotopes yana da muhimmanci a fannoni da dama na kimiyya, musamman a nuclear physics, geochemistry, da kimiyyar muhalli. Saboda krypton gas ne mai inert, isotopes ɗinsa ba sa shiga hulɗa cikin sauƙi da sauran sinadarai, wanda hakan ke sa su dace sosai a matsayin sinadaran bin diddigin motsin gas a cikin yanayi, ƙasa, da ruwa. Haka kuma, isotopes ɗin krypton suna taimakawa wajen fahimtar tarihin doron ƙasa, motsin iska a sararin samaniya, da kuma wasu muhimman dokoki na ilimin nukiliya.
Isotopes masu dawwama
Krypton yana da isotopes masu dawwama guda shida da ake samu a yanayi, waɗanda suka haɗa da ⁷⁸Kr, ⁸⁰Kr, ⁸²Kr, ⁸³Kr, ⁸⁴Kr, da ⁸⁶Kr. Daga cikin waɗannan, ⁸⁴Kr shi ne mafi yawa a yanayi, yana ɗaukar mafi girman kaso na krypton da ake samu a cikin iska. Waɗannan isotopes suna da muhimmanci wajen nazarin asalin krypton da kuma yadda yake zagayawa a cikin yanayi.
A fannin geochemistry, waɗannan isotopes na krypton suna taimakawa wajen nazarin tsoffin ruwan da ke ƙarƙashin ƙasa da yanayin iska na da. Ta hanyar auna rabe-raben isotopes ɗin krypton a cikin iska ko ruwa, masana za su iya gano tsawon lokacin da ruwa ya shafe a ƙarƙashin ƙasa ko kuma yadda yanayin iska ya canja a tarihi. Saboda krypton ba ya shiga hulɗa cikin sauƙi, isotopes ɗinsa suna riƙe bayanai na yanayi na tsawon lokaci ba tare da sauyi ba.
Isotopes masu gajeren lokaci
Baya ga isotopes masu dawwama, krypton yana da isotopes masu gajeren zango da yawa, amma mafi muhimmanci daga cikinsu shi ne ⁸⁵Kr. Wannan isotope yana da rabin rayuwa ta kusan shekaru 10.7, wanda hakan ke sa ya dace wajen bincike na muhalli da na nukiliya. ⁸⁵Kr yana samuwa ne sakamakon ayyukan nukiliya, musamman a lokacin sarrafa nuclear fuel da gwaje-gwajen makaman nukiliya.
Saboda kasancewarsa gas mai inert, ⁸⁵Kr yana iya yaɗuwa cikin sauƙi a sararin samaniya ba tare da shiga hulɗa da sauran sinadarai ba. Wannan ya sa ake amfani da shi wajen lura da tasirin ayyukan nukiliya ga muhalli da kuma gano matakan gurɓacewar iska. A fannin kimiyyar yanayi, ana amfani da ⁸⁵Kr wajen nazarin motsin iska da yadda gas ke yaɗuwa a doron ƙasa.
Akwai kuma wasu isotopes masu gajeriyar rayuwa kamar ⁸¹Kr, wanda ke da muhimmanci sosai a binciken daɗaɗɗen ruwan ƙarƙashin ƙasa. Saboda rabin rayuwarsa mai tsawo (kimanin shekaru 229,000), ana amfani da shi wajen ƙayyade shekarun tsoffin ruwan da ke ƙarƙashin ƙasa da ƙanƙara, wanda ke taimakawa wajen fahimtar tarihin yanayi na dubban shekaru.
Samuwar krypton a yanayi
Samuwa a cikin iska
A doron ƙasa, krypton yana samuwa ne a cikin iska a matsayin trace gas, wato a ƙananan kaso kawai daga cikin dukkanin gas ɗin da ke iska. Yawansa yana kusan 1.14 ppm (parts per million) a iska, wato kusan gram 1.14 na krypton a kowace million gram ta iska. Wannan ƙarancin kaso ba ya rage muhimmancinsa, domin kasancewarsa inert yana sa isotopes ɗinsa riƙe bayanai na dogon lokaci a cikin yanayi.
Samuwa a cikin iska tana haifar da damar amfani da krypton wajen nazarin yanayi da motsin gas a doron ƙasa. Saboda ba ya shiga hulɗa da oxygen, nitrogen, ko sauran sinadarai masu yawa, krypton da isotopes ɗinsa suna kasancewa alamomi na gas masu ɗorewa, wanda masana ke amfani da su wajen fahimtar yanayi da tsarin zafi da iska. Haka kuma, kasancewar krypton gas ne mai nauyi fiye da iskar nitrogen da oxygen, yana taruwa a ƙananan matakai na iska, wanda ke da tasiri ga yadda ake tattara shi domin amfani a masana’antu.
Samuwa a sinadaran gas
Baya ga kasancewa a iska, krypton yana samuwa a wasu sinadaran gas, musamman a cikin natural gas. A irin waɗannan sinadarai, krypton yana haɗe da methane, ethane, da sauran hydrocarbons. Kodayake kason krypton a natural gas ba shi da yawa—yawanci ƙasa da 1% ne—yana da muhimmanci saboda ana iya tace shi a matsayin gas mai amfani a masana’antu da bincike.
Ana samun krypton a sinadaran gas ne ta hanyoyi na fractional distillation, wato rarrabewa ta hanyar bambancin yanayin tafasar gas daban-daban. Wannan hanyoyi suna ba da damar tattara krypton tataccen daga ma’adanan gas ba tare da lalata yanayinsa na inert ba. Samun sa a ma’adanan gas yana da fa’ida wajen samar da isasshen krypton domin masana’antu kamar na fitilu, lasers, da sauran na’urorin lantarki.
Yawan krypton a duniya
A doron ƙasa, krypton yana samuwa ne a kowane wuri amma a ƙananan kaso sosai. Jimillar yawansa a iska, ma’adanan gas, da ruwa ba ta da girma idan aka kwatanta da sauran gas kamar nitrogen ko oxygen. Duk da haka, kasancewarsa inert yana sa isotopes ɗin sa da kuma gas ɗinsa riƙe siffofi da bayanai na dogon lokaci, wanda hakan ke sa ya zama kayan aiki mai mahimmanci a kimiyya da masana’antu.
Kimanin adadin krypton a doron ƙasa yana ƙayyade ne ta gram ɗari-ɗari zuwa ɗaruruwan ton a duniya baki ɗaya, yawanci cikin trace amounts a iska da gas. Wannan ƙarancin kaso yana nuna cewa dole ne a sarrafa shi cikin kulawa musamman a masana’antu, amma a lokaci guda yana nuna ƙarfinsa a matsayin gas mai ɗorewa da amfani ga bincike, fasaha, da kare yanayi.
Hanyoyin samar da krypton
Fractional distillation na liquid air
Ɗaya daga cikin hanyoyin da ake amfani da su wajen samun krypton a masana’antu shi ne ta fractional distillation na liquid air, wato rarrabewa ta hanyar narkar da iska da amfani da bambancin yanayin tafasar kowane gas. A wannan tsari, iska ta farko ana sanyaya ta sosai har ta koma ruwa mai sanyi, sannan a hankali ake dumama ruwa domin gases daban-daban su ƙone a lokuta daban-daban bisa matakin tafasarsu. Krypton yana da matakin tafasa −153.22 °C, wanda hakan ke sa ya rabu daga gas kamar oxygen (−182.96 °C) da nitrogen (−195.79 °C).
Ta wannan hanyar, masana’antu na iya tattara krypton mai tatacce daga iska ba tare da ya shiga hulɗa da wasu sinadarai ba. Wannan tsari yana da amfani sosai saboda krypton ba shi da sauƙin haɗuwa da wani abu, wanda hakan ke tabbatar da cewa gas ɗin da aka tattara yana da inganci sosai kuma ba a lalata siffofinsa na lantarki ko photophysical ba.
Tacewa daga natural gas
Baya ga fractional distillation na iska, natural gas ma yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan tushen samuwar krypton. A cikin natural gas, krypton yana haɗe ne da hydrocarbons kamar methane, ethane, da propane, duk da cewa kason krypton a cikin gas ɗin yana ƙasa da 1%. Don samun krypton daga natural gas, masana’antu na amfani da fractional separation da matakai na adsorption ko cryogenic distillation, inda gas ɗin ke rabuwa bisa yanayin tafasa da siffofi nauyi.
Wannan hanyar tana da muhimmanci musamman a wuraren da iska mai ɗorewa ko ma’adanan gas ba su da yawa. Tace krypton daga natural gas yana ba da damar samun gas mai yawa fiye da samuwa daga iska kadai, musamman idan ana buƙatar amfani da krypton a masana’antu ko bincike na kimiyya da fasaha.
Tsarkakewa da adanawa
Bayan samun krypton daga iska ko natural gas, dole ne a gudanar da matakai na tsarkakewa da adanawa domin tabbatar da inganci da aminci. Tsarkakewa na nufin cire duk wani gas ko tarkace da ke haɗe da krypton, wanda zai iya shafar siffofinsa na lantarki, photophysical properties, ko amfani a bincike. Ana amfani da matakai irin su getters, molecular sieves, da cryogenic adsorption domin tsaftace gas ɗin.
Bayan tsaftacewa, krypton ana adan shi a cikin cylinders na musamman a matsayin gas mai matsin lamba ko a cikin liquid form ta hanyar sanyaya shi sosai. Adanawa cikin yanayi mai kyau yana tabbatar da cewa krypton ba zai shiga hulɗa da sinadarai ba kuma yana riƙe siffofinsa na inertness. Wannan yana da muhimmanci ga masana’antu kamar lasers, fitilu na musamman, da bincike na kimiyyar nukiliya inda tsaftar gas ke da matuƙar muhimmanci.
Amfanin krypton
A kayayyakin hasken lantarki
Krypton yana da amfani sosai a masana’antar kayayyakin hasken lantarki, musamman wajen ƙirƙirar fitilu masu daɗewa. Ana haɗa krypton a cikin incandescent lamps da fluorescent lamps saboda yana rage evaporation na tungsten filament, wanda ke ƙara tsawon rayuwar fitilar. Haka kuma, krypton gas a cikin fitilu yana rage yawan zafin da filament ke fitarwa, yana ba da damar samar da haske mai ƙarfi ba tare da ƙara amfani da wuta ba.
Bugu da ƙari, ana amfani da krypton a fitilu na musamman kamar high-performance photographic lamps da wasu fitilu masu amfani da tiririn ultraviolet ko infrared, inda inertness na krypton ke tabbatar da cewa ba ya shiga hulɗa da filaments ko coating, wanda hakan zai iya rage ingancin fitilar.
Amfani a fasahar laser
Krypton yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a laser technology, musamman a krypton ion lasers. Waɗannan lasers suna fitar da haske mai ƙarfi a wavelength daban-daban, ciki har da green da red light, wanda ake amfani da shi a aikace-aikacen kimiyya, fasaha, da nishaɗi.
Lasers na krypton suna da amfani musamman wajen spectroscopy, aikin binciken DNA, da kuma aikace-aikacen likitanci kamar photocoagulation a idanu. Hasken da krypton lasers ke bayarwa yana da ƙarfi sosai, kuma inertness na gas ɗin yana tabbatar da tsawon rayuwar laser da ingancin aikinqsa.
Amfani a kimiyyar sararin samaniya
Ana amfani da isotopes na krypton a matsayin markers don nazarin yanayin interstellar gas da stellar atmospheres. Krypton, musamman isotopes masu dawwama, na taimaka wajen bin diddigin abubuwan da suka faru a doron ƙasa da kuma sararin samaniya, wanda ke ba fannin astrophysics da cosmology damar fahimtar yadda duniya da taurari ke canzawa a tsawon lokaci.
Amfani a fannin kiwon lafiya
Duk da cewa krypton ba sinadari ne da jiki ke amfani da shi kai tsaye ba, amma yana da amfani a fannin lafiya a wasu na’urorin bincike. Krypton isotopes, musamman ⁸⁵Kr, ana amfani da su wajen ɗaukar hotuna na likitanci da tracer studies a biochemistry da physiology.
Binciken da ke amfani da krypton isotopes na taimakawa wajen fahimtar ventilation na huhu, yanayin jini, da kuma motsin sinadarai a jikin mutum. Haka kuma, krypton yana da amfani wajen samar da contrast gas a wasu na’urorin likitanci, inda siffarsa ta inertness ke tabbatar da cewa ba ya yin illa ga lafiyar marar lafiya.
Illolin krypton
Tasiri ga lafiyar ɗan Adam
Krypton ana ɗaukar shi a matsayin inert gas, wato ba ya shiga hulɗa da jiki ko sinadarai a yanayin da aka saba samu. Saboda haka, a yanayi na yau da kullum, ba ya da guba kai tsaye ga lafiyar ɗan Adam. Duk da haka, shakar krypton a cikin ƙwayoyin gas mai yawa na iya haifar da asphyxiation, wato rashin isasshiyar iskar oxygen a jiki. Wannan yanayi na iya jawo gajiya, rashin numfashi mai kyau, da a wasu lokuta, rashin fahimtar abu.
A cikin aiki na yau da kullum ko masana’antu, yanayin haɗarin krypton ga lafiya bai da yawa sosai idan an kiyaye ka’idojin iska da amfani da na’urorin ventilating. Wannan ya sa krypton ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin gases mafi aminci idan aka kwatanta da gases masu aiki sosai ko masu guba.
Haɗari a masana’antu
A masana’antu, babban haɗarin krypton ba ya fitowa daga guba ko sinadarai, saboda siffarsa ta inertness, amma yana haifar da matsalar numfashi idan akwai taruwar gas ɗin a cikin ɗakin da babu tagogi. A wuraren da ake adana krypton mai yawa ko ana amfani da shi a na’urorin lantarki, akwai haɗarin fashewa ko lalacewar kayan aiki.
Haka kuma, yayin da krypton ke cikin yanayin ruwa-ruwa, akwai haɗari ko rauni idan gas ɗin mai sanyi ya taɓa fata, saboda zafinsa ya yi ƙasa sosai. Wannan ya sa masu aiki da krypton cryogenic dole ne su yi amfani da kayan kariya kamar gloves da takunkumin fuska.
Tasiri ga muhalli
Krypton gabaɗaya ba ya haɗe da ozone depletion ko greenhouse effect sosai, saboda ba ya shiga hulɗa da sauran sinadarai a yanayi. Duk da haka, isotopes na krypton masu lalacewa kamar ⁸⁵Kr, wanda ake samu daga nuclear fuel reprocessing, na iya gurɓata yanayin b sararin samaniya da ƙasa.
Manazarta
Periodic Table (n.d.). Krypton – Element information, properties and uses | Periodic Table.
EBSCO Research (n.d.). Krypton (KR) | Chemistry | Research Starters | EBSCO
Lenntech (n.d.). Krypton (Kr) – Chemical properties, Health and Environmental effects. (n.d.).
Pappas, S. (2014, October 21). Facts about Krypton. Live Science.
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