Manchester United Football Club wata shahararriyar ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ce da ke da hedikwata a birnin Manchester, da ke Yammacin Ingila, kuma tana daga cikin ƙungiyoyin da suka fi ƙwarewa, shahara, da nasara a fagen ƙwallon ƙafa, ba kawai a Ingila ba har ma da duniya baki ɗaya. An fi saninta da laƙabin “The Red Devils”, wato ”Jajayen Shaidanu”, wanda hakan ke nuna ƙarfin ikon ƙungiyar a filin wasa da kuma alamar riƙon alfahari da masoya ke da ita a kanta.
Ƙungiyar na buga wasanni a gasar English Premier League – babbar gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Ingila. Manchester United ta kafa tarihin lashe kofuna da nasarori masu dimbin yawa a gida da ƙasashen waje, kuma ta kasance ginshiƙi a ci gaban wasan ƙwallon ƙafa a duniya.
Tarihin kafuwar ƙungiyar
Asalin ƙirƙiro ƙungiyar (1878–1902)
Ƙungiyar ta fara ne da suna Newton Heath LYR F.C., wato ƙungiyar ma’aikatan layin dogo na Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway, a shekarar 1878. A wancan lokacin suna wasa ne da sauran ƙungiyoyi na ma’aikata, kuma suna cikin mawuyacin hali na rashin kuɗi da kayan aiki.
A shekarar 1902, ƙungiyar ta faɗa cikin matsin tattalin arziki, inda wani ɗan kasuwa mai suna John Henry Davies ya taimaka wajen fansar ta. A cikin wannan shekara aka sauya sunan zuwa Manchester United Football Club, aka kuma sauya launin riga daga kore zuwa ja – wanda har yanzu ke wakiltar ƙungiyar.
Shekarun farko na nasarori (1902–1945)
Bayan sauya suna, ƙungiyar ta fara taka rawar gani a gasanni na ƙasa kamar Football League. Sun ci First Division a shekarar 1908, kuma sun lashe FA Charity Shield a 1908 da FA Cup a 1909. Ƙungiyar ta fara samun ɗan matsayi a taswirar ƙwallon ƙafa, duk da cewa ba ta da ƙarfi sosai a matakin duniya.
Zamanin Sir Matt Busby da haɗarin Munich (1945–1969)
Bayan Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu, Matt Busby ya karɓi shugabancin ƙungiyar a 1945. Ya gina ƙungiya mai ɗimbin matasa masu hazaƙa da ake kira “Busby Babes”. Wannan ƙungiya ta lashe First Division sau biyu a jere (1956 da 1957), kafin aukuwar wani mummunan haɗari.
A ranar 6 ga Fabrairu, 1958, jirgin saman da ke ɗaukar ‘yan wasan Man United daga Yugoslavia ya yi haɗari a birnin Munich, Jamus. Wannan haɗari ya kashe ‘yan wasan ƙungiya 8, da ma’aikata da dama. Wannan lamari ya girgiza duniya. Bayan haɗarin, Busby ya sake gina ƙungiyar, ya kawo sabbin ‘yan wasa kamar George Best, Denis Law, da Bobby Charlton. A 1968, Manchester United ta zama ƙungiya ta farko daga Ingila da ta lashe European Cup (Champions League) bayan doke Benfica 4–1 a Wembley.
Shekarun koma baya (1970–1986)
Bayan ritayar Busby a 1969, ƙungiyar ta shiga zangon taɓarɓarewa, in da ta gaza taka rawar gani a gasanni da dama. A cikin shekarar 1974, ƙungiyar ta sauka zuwa Division Two, amma ta dawo cikin shekara guda. Duk da haka, sun ci FA Cup sau biyu a 1977 da 1983.
Zamanin Sir Alex Ferguson (1986–2013)
Sir Alex Ferguson ya hau kujerar jagorancin ƙungiyar Manchester United a shekarar 1986, daga ƙungiyar Aberdeen ta Scotland. Ya shafe shekaru 27 a ƙungiyar, kuma shi ne wanda ya fi samun nasara a tarihin ƙungiyar da kuma Ingila gabaɗaya. Nasarorinsa sun haɗa da:
- Premier League: sau goma sha uku (13)
- FA Cup: sau biyar (5)
- UEFA Champions League: sau biyu (2) (1999 da 2008)
- FIFA Club World Cup: sau ɗaya (1)
- Treble (1999): Premier League + FA Cup + Champions League a kaka guda – Man United ce kaɗai a Ingila da ta yi hakan.
Filin Wasan Old Trafford
Old Trafford shi ne filin wasan ƙungiyar, wanda ke cikin garin Greater Manchester. An buɗe filin a shekara ta 1910. Yana kuma ɗaukar kusan mutane 74,310 na’yan kallo. Yana daga cikin manyan filayen ƙwallon ƙafa a duniya, kuma ana kiran shi da “The Theatre of Dreams”, laƙabi da Sir Bobby Charlton ya ba shi.
Filin wasan ya fuskanci rushewa a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu, kuma aka sake gina shi. A yanzu, yana da fasahohin zamani da ke taimaka wa ’yan wasa da masu kallo, ciki har da manyan allunan nuni da fitilun zamani.
Launuka da alamar ƙungiyar
- Launin rigar gida: Ja da fari su ne launin kayan da suke amfani da su a yayin taka leda a gida.
- Launin rigar waje: A yayin da suka fita waje kayan na bambanta — fari, baki, kore ko shuɗi.
- Tambarin ƙungiya: Yana ɗauke da hoton jirgin ruwa wanda ke wakiltar tarihi na masana’antu da kasuwanci a birnin Manchester, da kuma shaiɗan ja (Red Devil) a tsakiya wanda ke nuna ƙarfin ƙungiyar.
Fitattun ‘yan wasa a tarihi
- Sir Bobby Charlton – jagora kuma gwarzo a cikin Busby Babes
- George Best – ɗan wasan tsakiya mai fasaha daga Ireland ta Arewa
- Denis Law – ɗan wasan Scotland mai zura ƙwallaye
- Eric Cantona – ɗan daga Faransa mai tasiri a zamanin Ferguson
- Ryan Giggs – wanda ya fi kowa buga wasa a tarihin ƙungiyar (963)
- Paul Scholes – ɗan wasan tsakiya mai natsuwa da fasaha
- Cristiano Ronaldo – ya fara shahara a duniya a Man United
- Wayne Rooney – wanda ya fi zura ƙwallaye a tarihin ƙungiyar (253)
Nasarori da kofuna
Gasar Ingila
- English First Division/Premier League: sau ashirin (20)
- FA Cup: sau goma sha biyu (12)
- League Cup (EFL): sau shida (6)
- Community Shield: sau ashirin da ɗaya (21)
Gasar Turai da duniya
- UEFA Champions League: sau uku (3) (1968, 1999, 2008)
- UEFA Europa League: sau ɗaya tal (1) (2017)
- UEFA Super Cup: sau ɗaya (1)
- Intercontinental Cup: sau ɗaya (1)
- FIFA Club World Cup: sau ɗaya (1)
Shekarar 1999 ita ce mafi tarihi, inda Man United ta lashe Treble: Premier League, FA Cup da UEFA Champions League a kakar wasa ɗaya, abin da babu wata ƙungiya ta Ingila da ta sake yi.
Masu horarwa bayan Ferguson
Bayan ritayar Sir Alex Ferguson, Manchester United ta fuskanci ƙalubalen dawo da martabarta. Wasu daga cikin manajoji da suka jagoranta su ne:
- David Moyes (2013–2014): wanda Ferguson ya zaɓa a matsayin magaji, amma bai daɗe ba.
- Louis van Gaal (2014–2016): ya lashe FA Cup, amma ana ganin wasansa na da salo mai tsauri.
- José Mourinho (2016–2018): ya lashe League Cup da Europa League a shekarar 2017.
- Ole Gunnar Solskjær (2018–2021): tsohon ɗan wasa wanda ya dawo a matsayin koci mai cigaba.
Erik ten Hag (2022– kocin kungiyar na yanzu): tsohon kocin Ajax wanda ya lashe Carabao Cup a 2023.
Taurarin zamani (2020s)
- Bruno Fernandes – jagoran tsakiya mai taimakawa da zura ƙwallo
- Marcus Rashford – ɗan asalin Manchester, mai gudu da iya zura ƙwallo
- Casemiro – gogaggen ɗan tsakiya daga Brazil
- Raphaël Varane – tsohon ɗan wasan Real Madrid
- Kobbie Mainoo – matashin ɗan wasa mai tasowa da ƙwazo
- Alejandro Garnacho – matashi daga Argentina
- Rasmus Højlund – ɗan wasan gaba mai ƙarfi daga Denmark
Magoya baya da tallace-tallace
Manchester United tana da masoya sama da 800 miliyan a duniya, da ƙungiyoyin magoya baya a ƙasashe sama da 200. Ta kasance daga cikin ƙungiyoyin da suka fi samun kuɗaɗe daga tallace-tallace, kayan wasa da hakkin watsa labarai. Kamfanonin haɗin gwiwa sun haɗa da:
- Adidas (mai samar da rigar ‘yan wasa)
- Snapdragon (Qualcomm)
- TeamViewer
- DXC Technology
Har ila yau, ƙungiyar tana da Manchester United Foundation, ƙungiyar agaji da ke taimaka wa yara da al’umma ta hanyar wasanni da ilimi.
Manchester United ƙungiya ce mai tarihi, cikakken tsarin shugabanci da tsarin tarbiyya. Tana daga cikin jiga-jigan kungiyoyin ƙwallon ƙafa na duniya. Duk da ƙarancin nasarori bayan ritayar Ferguson, ƙungiyar na cigaba da gina sabon tarihi da fatanta na sake dawowa kan turbar ɗaukaka.
Manazarta
Manchester United. (2025). History by decade. Manchester United Official Website.
Premier League. (2025). Manchester United Football Club overview. Premier League Official Site.
The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannia. (2025). Manchester United | History, records & achievements. Encyclopaedia Britannica.
Wikipedia. (2025). History of Manchester United F.C. (1878–1945). Wikipedia.
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