Neptune

Neptune ta fi ninki 30 nisa daga rana har ƙasa. Neptune ita ce kaɗai duniyar da ke cikin falaƙin rana wadda ba a iya kalla da ido tsirara. A cikin shekarar 2011 ne Neptune ta kammala zagayenta na farko na shekaru 165 tun lokacin da aka gano ta a shekarar 1846.

Asalin sunan Neptune

Neptune ita ce duniyar farko da aka samo ta hanyar lissafi. Ta hanyar yin amfani da hasashen da Urbain Le Verrier ya yi, Johann Galle ne ya gano duniyar a shekara ta 1846. Ana kiran duniyar da sunan allahn teku na Romawa, kamar yadda Le Verrier ya ba da shawara.

Girma na nisan duniyar Neptune

Neptune ƙarama ce kaɗan idan aka kwatanta da Uranus kuma tana da diamita na mil 31,000 (daidai kilomita 50,000), don haka kusan ninki huɗu ce na duniyar earth. Neptune ita ce duniya ta takwas daga Rana. Tana kewayawa a matsakaicin nisa na mil biliyan 2.8 (wato kilomita biliyan 4.5), ninki talatin ke nan idan aka kwatanta da duniyar earth. Tana ɗaukar shekaru 165 na duniyar earth kafin Neptune ta kewaya rana sau ɗaya. Tana ɗaukar sa’o’i 16 kawai na duniyar earth don zagaya bigirenta sau ɗaya.

Rayuwa a duniyar Neptune

Yanayin duniyar Neptune bai dace da rayuwa ba kamar yadda aka sani. Wato halittu ba za su iya rayuwa a cikin Neptune ba. Yanayi a cikin duniyar da matsatsi da abubuwan da ke siffanta wannan duniyar ta earth sukan wuce gona da iri a cikin Neptune, kuma suna da wahala ga halitta su iya rayuwa da su.

Zagaye da juyawar Neptune

Kwana ɗaya a duniyar Neptune yana ɗaukar kimanin sa’o’i 16 (wato tsawon lokacin da Neptune take ɗauka don juyawa sau ɗaya). Kuma Neptune tana cikakken zagayenta ga rana na tsawon shekara guda a tsawon kimanin shekaru 165 na duniyar earth, (wato adadin kwanaki 60,190 a wannan duniyarmu).

Wani lokaci Neptune tana yin nisa da rana fiye da duniyar Pluto. Pluto tana da girma, da siffa kamar ƙwai, tana zagaye, wanda ke kawo ta cikin hanyar zagayen Neptune a tsawon shekaru 20, daidai da shekaru 248 na duniyar earth. Wannan sauyawa, wadda Pluto ta fi kusa da rana fiye da Neptune, ya faru daga shekarar 1979 zuwa 1999. Pluto ba za ta iya faɗawa cikin Neptune ba, saboda kowane zagaye uku da Neptune ta yi, tana kewaye da rana ne, yayin Pluto ta yi ke yin biyu. Wannan tsarin maimaitawa yana kange kusantar biyun.

Bigiren Neptune na zagayawa yana karkata da digiri 28 dangane da hanyar zagayawarta ga rana, wanda yayi kama da na duniyar Mars da Earth. Wannan yana nufin cewa Neptune tana fuskantar yanayi kamar yadda ake fuskanta a duniyar earth; duk da haka, tun da shekarta ta yi tsawo, kowanne daga cikin yanayi huɗu ya wuce sama da shekaru 40.

Watannin duniyar Neptune

Neptune tana da sanannun watanni har guda  goma sha shida 16. An gano Triton, wanda shi ne mafi girma a Neptune, a ranar 10 ga Oktoba, 1846, William Lassell ya gano shi, kimanin kwanaki goma sha bakwai ke nan 17 bayan da Johann Gottfried Galle ya gano duniyar. Tunda sunan Neptune ya wanzu ne daga sunan allahn tekun Romawa, don haka ana kiran watannin duniyar Neptune da sunayen wasu ƙananan alloli na teku da suka zo a cikin tatsuniyoyin Girkawa.

Triton shi ne babban wata kawai a cikin falaƙin rana wanda ke kewaya duniyarsa zuwa wata hanya da ta saɓa da jujjuyawar duniyar (wato retrograde orbit), wanda ke nuni da cewa yana iya kasancewa wani abu mai zaman kansa da Neptun ta kama. Triton yana da sanyi sosai, tare da yanayi a ƙasa da digiri 391 Fahrenheit (daidai da 235 a ma’aunin Celsius).

Siffar duniyar Neptune

Neptune ta samu siffa lokacin da sauran duniyoyin falaƙin rana suka samu kimanin shekaru biliyan 4.5 da suka wuce, wato lokacin da nauyin gravity ya kaɗa iskar gas da ƙura duka cure suka zama wannan babbar ƙanƙara. Kamar makwabciyarta Uranus, mai yiwuwa Neptune ta sami kusanci da rana kuma ta koma cikin falaƙin rana a kimanin shekaru biliyan 4 da suka wuce.

Neptune ɗaya ce daga cikin manyan duniyoyi biyu da ke da ƙanƙara a cikin falaƙin rana ta waje, ɗayar ita ce Uranus. Yawancin kashi 80% ko fiye na faɗin duniyoyin sun kasance da wani ruwa na ƙanƙara, da sinadarin methane da ammoni. Daga cikin manyan taurari, Neptune shi ne mafi girma. Masana kimiyya suna tunanin cewa za a iya samun tekun ruwan zafi a ƙarƙashin gajimaren sanyi na Neptune. Ba ya tafasa saboda tsananin takura tana sa shi kullewa a ciki.

Sararin duniyar Neptune

Neptune ba ta da tsayayyen wuri. Yanayinta, wanda ya ƙunshi mafi yawan hydrogen, helium, da methane yana ƙara yawaita, a hankali yana haɗuwa cikin ruwa da sauran dusar ƙanƙara mai narkewa a kan wani dutse mai ƙarfi, mai ƙarfi mai kusan taro iri ɗaya da Duniya.

Yanayi a duniyar Neptune

Yanayin Neptune ya ƙunshi mafi yawan hydrogen da helium tare da ɗan ƙaramin adadi na methane. Uranus makwabciyar Neptune tana da irin wannan yanayi; methane yana zuƙar wasu launuka amma yana nuna launin shuɗi, yana ba wa waɗannan duniyoyi na ƙanƙara irin launinsu. Hotuna da yawa na Neptune, suna nuna Neptune a matsayin launin shuɗi mai zurfi.

Neptune ita ce mafi yawan iska a falaƙin rana. Duk da nisanta da ƙarancin kuzari daga rana, iskar Neptune na iya zama mai ƙarfi fiye da ta Jupiter da ninki uku sannan kuma ta fi ta duniyar earth ƙarfi da ninki tara. Wannan yawan iskoki suna busa gajimare na methane daskararre a fadin duniya a cikin gudun sama da mil 1,200 a cikin sa’a (kimanin kilomita 2,000 a sa’a guda). Hatta iskar da ta fi ƙarfi a duniyar earth tana gudun kusan mil 250 ne kawai a cikin sa’a (wato kilomita 400 a cikin sa’a guda).

A shekara ta 1989 wata babbar guguwa mai siffar kwali a yankin kudancin Neptune da aka yi wa lakabi da Great Dark Spot” ta isa ta haɗiye dukkan duniyar earth. Wannan guguwar ta ɓace tun daga lokacin, amma wasu sababbi sun bayyana a sassa daban-daban na duniyar Neptune ɗin.

Sararin maganadiso (Magnetosphere)

Sararin maganadisu na Neptune ya ƙunshi kusan digiri 47 idan aka kwatanta da bigiren juyawa na duniya. Kamar Uranus, wanda sararin maganaɗisu yana kunsar kusan digiri 60 daga bigiren juyawa. Sararin maganaɗison Neptune yana fuskantar bambance-bambancen yayin kowace juyawa saboda rashin daidaituwa. Sararin maganadison Neptune ya fi na duniyar earth ƙarfi kusan ninki ashirin da bakwai (27).

Manazarta

NASA Science. (n.d.) Neptune: Facts   NASA

National Air and Space Museum: (2022, May 26). Neptune.    National Air and Space Museum.

Staff, A. (2023, November 3). Neptune: Size, distance from the Sun, orbit. Astronomy Magazine.

Toppr-guides: (2020, December 29). Neptune: Definition, Characteristics, ExamplesNeptu | Solar System.  Toppr-guides.