Idan aka ce network ana nufin wani rukuni na kwamfutoci, ɗaya ko biyu ko goma ko ashirin, da aka haɗa su da junansu domin rarraba abubuwa. Yanzu misali an turo wannan rubutun ne saboda wayoyi sun haɗu da junansu ta hanyar network. Bayan wannan akwai na’urorin network da yawa irin su Switch, Hub, Routers, da wasu da yawa.
Ire-iren Network
Akwai tarin network da ake da su a duniya iri-iri waɗanda suka zo kamar haka;
LAN
WAN
WLAN
WIFI
POLAN
MAN
PAN
CAN
SAN
EPN
1- PAN (Personal Area Network)
Shi ne network ɗin da ya fi kowanne ƙanƙanta, ma’ana ba shi da tsayi sosai. PAN na ƙunshe da wireless modem, ya haɗa kuma da computer ɗaya ko biyu, da wayar hannu, da printers, da tablets, iya aikinsa shi ne a cikin gida guda ɗaya. Yawanci mutum ɗaya ne yake amfani da shi. An fi samun PAN a office ko ma’aikata, yadda dai ba mutane da yawa ne za su ke amfani da shi ba.
2- LAN (Local area network)
LAN shi ne Network ɗin da aka fi sani kuma aka fi zancen sa. Ya fi PAN girma domin mutane da ɗan yawa suna amfani da shi maimakon mutum ɗaya ko gida ɗaya. Gida kamar goma ko unguwa guda za su iya amfani da LAN guda ɗaya.
3- WLAN (Wireless Local Area Network)
WLAN yana yin aiki kamar yadda LAN yake yi, sai dai shi wireless ne, misalin sa shi ne Wi-Fi. WLAN ba ya buƙatar cable don ya yi connecting ɗin mutum a internet.
4- CAN (Campus Area Network)
CAN ya fi LAN girma amma bai kai MAN ba. Irin wannan Network ɗin ake samu a manyan makarantu, kamar kwalejoji, da jami’o’i, ko ɗan ƙaramin ƙauye, ko babbar ma’aikata.
5- MAN (Metropolitan Area Network)
MAN ya fi LAN girma amma bai kai WAN ba. MAN kusan na yin aikin WAN da LAN. Shi ne irin network ɗin da babban gari ke amfani da shi, kamar Kano, Zamfara, Katsina, har ma da jami’o’i.
6- WAN (Wide Area Network)
WAN ya fi LAN wuyar sha’ani. WAN yana haɗa kwamfutoci da wayoyi da suka yi nesa da junansu sosai. Internet shi ne babban misalin WAN. Yanzu za a tura saƙo zuwa India, Japan, Zamfara, Saudi Arabia, da taimakon WAN.
7- SAN (Storage Area Network)
Shi kuma SAN wani irin network ne mai matuƙar sauri da babu ruwan sa da WAN ko LAN.
8- SAN (System Area Network)
Wannan network ɗin tun kusan shekaru ashirin da suka wuce aka yi yayinsa. An yi amfani da shi ne domin a yi bayanin yadda Local Network zai zama mai matuƙar sauri.
9- POLAN (Passive Optical Local Network Area)
POLAN kuma ana amfani da shi wajen haɗa network na waje daban-daban su kasance a waje ɗaya. Misali, a asibiti, zai kasance POLAN ya haɗe network ɗin da Pharmacy ke amfani shi da wanda gidajen likitoci ke amfani da shi ya zama ɗaya. Ko a jami’a, tsangayu da yawa za su kasance kan network guda.
10- EPN (Enterprise Private Network)
Shi kuma irin wannan, kamfani ne ko ma’aikata ke amfani da su don amfanin kansu kawai.
11- VPN (Virtual Private Network)
Idan an taɓa yin amfani da Application ɗin VPN. Idan mutum ya yi amfani da VPN zai zama kamar ya na amfani da Private Network ne duk da cewa ba private ɗin ba ne ba.
Abubuwan da ke kawo matsalar network
1- Matsalar Hardware
Idan routers suka samu matsala, ko, makunni, ko cables, ko wani dai abin da sai da shi network yake haɗuwa ya yi aiki, to za a samu matsalar network. Dole hardware su kasance masu kyau domin samun ingantaccen network.
2- Matsalar Software
Bugs, glitches, da kuma sauran matsalolin da software ke haifarwa, wanda suka haɗa har da Operating system, drivers, da network protocols, duka za su iya haddasa matsalar network.
3- Configuration Errors
Idan aka saita configuration ba daidai ba, kamar rikicewar IP address, subnetting errors, duka za su iya kawo matsalar network.
4- Interference
Idan aka samu devices da yawa kamar irin su microwave da cordless phone, za su iya katse wireless signals. Irin wannan ake yawan samun matsalar Wi-Fi a taron jama’a.
5- Matsalar Bandwidth
Idan babu isasshen Bandwidth ɗin da zai sarrafa abubuwan da ke shigowa daga network, zai sa network ya yi rauni ko ya dinga ɓata wa mutane rai. Wannan yana yawan faruwa a kan network ɗin da ya tara mutane masu yawa.
6- Matsalar Internet Service Provider (ISP)
Idan Internet Service Provider na waya ko a cikin computer idan ya fara samun matsala, ko ya fara tsufa, ko ya kasa yin connecting sosai, zai shafi yadda network ɗin yake aiki sosai.
7- Matsalar DNS (Domain Name System)
Matsala daga DNS idan ya kasa warware domain names na IP Addresss zai shafi yadda network yake aiki.
8- Matsalar Physical Cables
Idan cables ya fara samun matsala, da wireless da wanda ba wireless ba, zai iya kawo matsalar network.
9- Overload Network (Cinkoso)
Idan mutane suka yi yawa a kan network zai rage sauri ko ya dakata da yin aiki na ɗan wani lokaci.
10- Environmental Factors
Yanayi (weather) yana kawo matsalar network, misali, ruwan sama. Haka electromagnetic interference, da geological events.
12- Outdated Equipments
Idan aka daina amfani ko yayin network amma mutum ya ci gaba da yin amfani da shi, cikin sauki zai haɗu da matsalar network. Misali, 2G network. Don haka idan aka ce a yi amfani da shi lallai za a fuskanci matsala.
Manazarta
Darah, D. (2022, April 18). 7 types of networks and their use cases. Techtarget.com
Doug Lowe (6 2021). Networking All-in-One for Dummies. John Wiley and Sons, Inc.”
Kapoor, A. (2024b, March 13). Study the importance of types of networks – LAN, MAN, and WAN. Simplilearn.com
Darah, D. (2022, April 18). 7 types of networks and their use cases.Techtarget.com