Samia Suluhu Hassan ita ce shugabar ƙasa ta Tanzaniya tun daga ranar 19 ga Maris, 2021, bayan rasuwar tsohon shugaban ƙasa John Pombe Magufuli. Ita ce mace ta farko a tarihin ƙasar da ta hau wannan matsayi, kuma ɗaya daga cikin ƙalilan a Afirka da suka shugabanci ƙasa. An haife ta a Zanzibar, kuma ta yi suna wajen salon shugabancinta da haɗin kai, wanda ya bambanta da na wanda ta gada.
Mulkinta ya shahara tare da bayyana ƙasar ga duniya, ƙarfafa dimokuraɗiyya, da inganta tattalin arziki ta hanyar jawo hannayen jari daga ƙasashen waje, tare da sake farfaɗo da dangantaka da ƙasashen duniya da suka ɗan yi sanyi a zamanin Magufuli.
| Abubuwa | Bayani |
| Suna | Samia Suluhu Hassan |
| Haihuwa | 27 Janairu, 1960 |
| W/Haihuwa | Zanzibar, Tanzaniya |
| Kasa | Tanzaniya |
| Addini | Musulunci |
| Miji | Hassan Mwinyi |
| ‘Ya’ya | ’Ya’ya huɗu ciki har da Wanu Hafidh Ameir |
| Jam’iyya | Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM) |
| Matsayi | Shugabar Ƙasar Tanzaniya |
| Fara mulki | 19 Maris, 2021 |
| Wanda ta gada | John Pombe Magufuli |
| Mataimaki | Philip Mpango |
| Kwarewa | Tattalin arziki, gudanarwa, da diplomasiya |
| Ilimi | – Institute of Development Management (Mzumbe University) – University of Manchester, Birtaniya (M.A. in Community Economic Development) |
Haihuwa da tashi
Samia Suluhu Hassan an haife ta a ranar 27 ga Janairu, 1960, a Unguja, wani ɓangare na tsibirin Zanzibar, wanda ke cikin ƙasar Tanzaniya. Mahaifinta malamin makaranta. Ta taso cikin al’umma mai bin tafarkin Musulunci da ilimi, inda aka ba ta tarbiyya mai cike da ladabi da hazaƙa.
Ta halarci makarantar firamare da sakandare a Zanzibar, sannan daga baya ta karanci fannin Public Administration a Institute of Development Management (IDM Mzumbe).
Bayan haka, ta ci gaba da karatun digiri a University of Manchester, Ingila, inda ta samu digiri a fannin tattalin arziki. Ta kuma yi karatun ƙarin ƙwarewa a Eastern and Southern African Management Institute (ESAMI).
Ayyuka da shigar ta siyasa
Bayan ta kammala digirinta na farko, Samia Suluhu Hassan ta fara aikin gwamnati a Zanzibar, inda ta yi aiki a ma’aikatun gudanarwa daban-daban tun daga farkon shekarun 1980s. A wannan lokaci, ta nuna ƙwarewa a fannonin gudanar da ayyukan jama’a, tsara manufofi, da kuma hulɗa da jama’a. Hazaƙarta da jajircewarta wajen aiwatar da ayyuka cikin tsari suka sa ta fara samun suna a cikin ma’aikatun gwamnati, duk da cewa a wancan lokaci ba a saba ganin mata a manyan muƙaman mulki ba a yankin.
A tsakiyar shekarun 1980 zuwa 1990, Samia ta fara taka muhimmiyar rawa a harkokin gudanarwa a Zanzibar, inda ta riƙe muƙamai masu muhimmanci a ofisoshin gwamnati, musamman a fannoni da suka shafi cigaban al’umma da kula da manufofin zamantakewa. Hakan ya nuna bajintarta a matsayin mace mai hangen nesa da ƙwarewa wajen jagoranci.
Ta fara bayyana sosai a siyasa ne lokacin da aka naɗa ta a matsayin wakiliya a Majalisar Zartarwa ta Zanzibar, inda ta shiga cikin muhawarori da tsare-tsaren da suka shafi cigaban tattalin arziki, kiwon lafiya, da ilimi. Wannan matsayi ya zama matattarar da ta gina suna a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin matan da ke da kuzari da muradin kawo sauyi a siyasar Tanzaniya.
Lokacin da aka kafa Gwamnatin Haɗin Kai ta Zanzibar tsakanin jam’iyyun Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM) da Civic United Front (CUF) domin kawo ƙarshen rikice-rikicen siyasa a yankin, Samia ta kasance cikin jerin mutanen da aka ba su manyan muƙamai don tabbatar da zaman lafiya da haɗin kai. A wannan sabon tsarin, an naɗa ta a matsayin minista a cikin gwamnatin Zanzibar. Wannan muƙami ya bunƙasa shahararta a siyasa, domin ta zama ɗaya daga cikin mata ƙalilan da suka hau wannan matsayi a tarihin yankin.
Bayan shafe lokaci tana aiki a Zanzibar, Samia ta fara ɗora hankalinta kan siyasar ƙasa bakiɗaya. A shekara ta 2000, ta tsaya takara kuma ta lashe zaɓe a matsayin wakiliya a Majalisar Dokoki ta Ƙasa, tana wakiltar yankin Makunduchi a ƙarƙashin jam’iyyar Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM). A majalisar, ta bayyana a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin ‘yan majalisa mata masu faɗin albarkacin baki da tsayawa wajen kare muradan jama’a, musamman batutuwan da suka shafi ilimin mata, kiwon lafiya, da tattalin arzikin gida.
A wannan lokaci ne ta fara shahara a duk faɗin ƙasar Tanzaniya, inda jama’a suka fara kallon ta a matsayin mace mai kishin ƙasa, tsantsar gaskiya, da hangen nesa na jagoranci. A cikin shekaru kaɗan, Samia ta zama ɗaya daga cikin fitattun mata a siyasar Tanzaniya, abin koyi ga mata da matasa da ke sha’awar shiga siyasa.
Matsayin shugabar mata da mataimakiyar firayim minista
Bayan shafe shekaru tana wakiltar yankin Makunduchi a Majalisar Dokoki, hazaƙarta ta ci gaba da bayyana a idon manyan ‘yan siyasa na ƙasar. A cikin shekarar 2010, gwamnatin Tanzaniya ta ba ta muhimmiyar rawar takawa a ɓangaren tattalin arziki ta hanyar naɗa ta a matsayin minista mai kula da Masana’antu, Kasuwanci, da Tattalin Arzikin Yankin Mashriqi (Minister of State for Trade, Industry and East African Cooperation). Wannan muƙami ya ba ta damar wakiltar Tanzaniya a muhimman tarurrukan ƙungiyar East African Community (EAC) da sauran ƙungiyoyin haɗin gwiwar tattalin arziki a yankin.
A wannan matsayi, ta kasance mai ƙoƙari wajen ƙarfafa cinikayya tsakanin ƙasashen yankin gabas, da ƙirƙirar manufofin da ke jawo hankalin masu zuba jari daga ƙasar waje. Ta kuma himmatu wajen ganin ƙasarta ta zama cikin ƙasashen da ke amfani da damar kasuwancin cikin yankin. Hakan ya sa ta samu mutunci a tsakanin sauran ministocin yankin Gabas ta Afirka, musamman saboda natsuwarta, ƙwarewa, da fasahar shawarwari.
A shekara ta 2014, Samia ta samu wani babban gurbi a tarihin siyasar Tanzaniya lokacin da aka zaɓe ta a matsayin mataimakiyar shugaban taron kundin tsarin mulki (Constitutional Assembly), wani muhimmin taro da aka shirya domin tsara sabon kundin tsarin mulki na ƙasar. Wannan taro ya haɗa manyan ‘yan siyasa, malamai, da wakilan jama’a daga sassa daban-daban na ƙasar.
Wannan aiki ya ƙara inganta sunanta a siyasar ƙasar, inda ake ganin ta a matsayin mace mai iya jagoranci cikin ladabi da hikima, wadda ke iya haɗa ɓangarori masu ra’ayoyi daban-daban cikin zaman lafiya da fahimta. Wannan ne ya sa jam’iyyar Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM) ta fara kallon ta a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin fitattun ‘ya’yanta da suka cancanci manyan muƙamai a nan gaba.
Zaman ta mataimakiyar shugaban ƙasa
Lokacin da John Pombe Magufuli ya tsaya takarar shugabancin ƙasa a zaɓen 2015, jam’iyyar CCM ta yanke shawarar zaɓar Samia Suluhu Hassan a matsayin mataimakiyarsa. Wannan ya zama abin tarihi a Tanzaniya, domin ita ce mace ta farko da aka zaɓa a matsayin mataimakiyar shugaban ƙasa tun kafuwar ƙasar.
Bayan nasararsu a zaɓe, Samia Suluhu Hassan ta karɓi rantsuwar aiki a matsayin mataimakiyar shugaban ƙasa a ranar 5 ga Nuwamba, 2015, inda ta fara aiki tare da Shugaba John Pombe Magufuli. A wannan matsayi, ta kasance mai natsuwa da bin doka, tana taimaka wa shugaban ƙasa wajen gudanar da harkokin gwamnati, tare da wakiltar ƙasa a wasu manyan taruka na ƙasashen duniya.
Kodayake a farkon mulkinsu ba ta cika fitowa a bainar jama’a ba, hakan bai hana ta taka muhimmiyar rawa ba a ɓangarorin gudanarwa, musamman wajen shiryawa da aiwatar da manufofin cigaban tattalin arziki da na zamantakewa. A lokutan da Shugaba Magufuli ke wajen ƙasar, ita ce ke wakiltarsa a hukumance.
A matsayinta na mace mai hankali da biyayya, Samia ta zama abin koyi ga mata da matasa, musamman wajen nuna cewa mace na iya taka rawa a manyan muƙaman gwamnati cikin ƙwarewa da natsuwa. Wannan matsayin nata ya kuma ƙara ƙarfafa matsayinta a cikin jam’iyyar CCM, da kuma tabbatar da amincewar jama’a da ke ganin tana iya riƙe shugabanci mai kyau.
Zaman ta shugabar ƙasa
A ranar 17 ga Maris, 2021, Tanzaniya ta kafa wani tarihi mai muhimmanci tun bayan da aka sanar da mutuwar Shugaba John Pombe Magufuli. Bisa tanadin kundin tsarin mulki na ƙasar, mataimakiyar shugaban ƙasa, wato Samia Suluhu Hassan, ta zama wadda za ta gaji muƙamin. A ranar 19 ga Maris, 2021, ta karɓi rantsuwar kama aiki a babban birnin Dar es Salaam, inda ta zama shugabar ƙasa ta shida a tarihin Tanzaniya, kuma mace ta farko da ta hau wannan matsayi a ƙasar.
Hawan Samia Suluhu Hassan kan karagar mulki ya zama wani sabon babi na tarihi, ba kawai a Tanzaniya ba, har ma a nahiyar Afirka, domin ta shiga jerin ‘yan tsiraru daga cikin mata da suka shugabanci ƙasashe a nahiyar. Zuwan nata ya kawo sabuwar fassara ga siyasar Tanzaniya, musamman bayan wani lokaci da ƙasar ta yi cikin ƙuntatawa a fagen ’yancin faɗar albarkacin baki, siyasa, da haɗin gwiwar ƙasashen waje a lokacin Magufuli.
Tun daga farko, ta fito da sabon salo na jagoranci wanda ya bambanta da na magabacinta; salo mai sanyi, tsari, da buɗaɗɗiyar siyasa. Ta fara mulki da kira na haɗin kai da jituwa, tana mai cewa:
“Yanzu lokaci ne na gina ƙasa tare, ba na rarrabuwar kai ba.”
Samia ta fara aikin nata da mayar da hankali kan tabbatar da amincewar duniya ga ƙasarta, tare da sake buɗe ƙofofin diflomasiyya da hulɗa da ƙasashen waje. Ta kuma yi ƙoƙari wajen sake daidaita tsarin gwamnati domin tabbatar da cewa tsarin mulki da doka suna aiki ba tare da tsoro ko danniya ba.
Haka kuma, ta fuskanci ƙalubale masu yawa tun daga farkon mulkinta; ciki har da rikice-rikicen siyasa da suka rage tunanin jama’a game da yadda gwamnati za ta tafiyar da harkokin ƙasa bayan mutuwar Magufuli. Duk da haka, ta nuna ƙwazon jagoranci, nutsuwa, da kyakkyawar mu’amala da jama’a, wanda ya taimaka wajen rage matsin lamba da dawo da kwanciyar hankali.
Manufofi da ayyukan mulki
Mulkin Samia Suluhu Hassan ya mayar da hankali ne kan sauƙaƙa hulɗar ƙasa da ƙasa, farfaɗo da tattalin arziki, da ƙarfafa dimokuraɗiyya. Ta bayyana cewa burinta shi ne ta gina Tanzaniya mai dogaro da ilimi, masana’antu, da adalci ga kowa.
1. Tattalin arziki
Shugabar ta ƙaddamar da tsarin “Tanzania Development Vision 2025”, wanda ke nufin ƙarfafa tattalin arzikin ƙasar ta hanyar bunƙasa masana’antu, amfani da fasahar zamani, da kawo hannayen jarin waje. Ta sake buɗe ƙofar ƙasar ga huldar kasuwanci da zuba jari, musamman daga Amurka, China, da ƙasashen Turai.
Haka kuma, ta gabatar da shirin farfaɗo da tattalin arzikin bayan annobar COVID-19, wanda ya haɗa da samar da tallafin kuɗi ga ƙananan ‘yan kasuwa da cigaban masana’antun gida.
2. Kiwon lafiya da ilimi
A fannin kiwon lafiya, Samia ta fito da sabon tsari na haɗin gwiwa da cibiyoyin kiwon lafiya na duniya, kamar WHO da Global Fund, domin inganta rigakafi, magunguna, da kayan aikin asibiti. Ta kuma buɗe ƙofofin don karɓar tallafin kasashen duniya, wanda aka taƙaita a lokacin mulkin Magufuli.
A fannin ilimi, ta ba da fifiko ga ilimin mata da ’yanmata, tare da ba su damar komawa makaranta bayan haihuwa, wanda a baya an hana hakan. Hakan ya zama ɗaya daga cikin manufofin da aka yaba da su a cikin gida da wajen ƙasa.
3. Tabbatar da dimokuraɗiyya
Shugaba Samia ta kafa matakai na sake buɗe fagen siyasa da ‘yantar da kafafen watsa labarai, inda ta bai wa ’yan jarida da kungiyoyin farar hula dama su gudanar da aikinsu cikin ‘yanci. Ta kuma fara tattaunawa da jam’iyyun adawa, ciki har da jam’iyyar Chadema, domin kafa tsarin siyasa mai zaman lafiya da fahimtar juna.
4. Hulɗa da kasashen duniya
A fannin diflomasiyya, Samia ta gina sabbin dangantaka da ƙasashen duniya, ciki har da Amurka, Birtaniya, China, da ƙasashen Larabawa, tare da sake farfaɗo da alaƙar Tanzaniya da Bankin Duniya da IMF. Wannan ya taimaka wajen dawo da ƙasar cikin tsarin tattalin arzikin duniya da samun sabbin damar cigaba.
Tasirin mulkinta a Afirka da duniya
Tun bayan da ta hau mulki a 2021, Samia Suluhu Hassan ta zama abin koyi a nahiyar Afirka. Mulkinta ya nuna sabuwar fuska ta shugabanci mai haɗin kai da zaman lafiya, wanda ya bambanta da salo na tsanani da takunkumin da aka saba gani a wasu ƙasashe na yankin.
A matsayinta ta shugaba mace ta farko a Tanzaniya, ta buɗe ƙofa ga tattaunawa tsakanin gwamnati da al’umma, wanda hakan ya sa ƙasarta ta fara samun yabo daga ƙungiyoyin duniya. Haka kuma, ta samu gagarumar nasara wajen dawo da amincewar ƙasashen waje da cibiyoyin kuɗi kamar Bankin Duniya da IMF, waɗanda suka koma tallafa wa shirye-shiryen cigaban ƙasar.
A matakin nahiyar Afirka, ta taka muhimmiyar rawa a Kungiyar Tarayyar Afirka (AU), ta shiga tattaunawa kan zaman lafiya da dimokuraɗiyya, musamman wajen warware rikicin siyasa a ƙasashen Gabashin Afirka. Ta kasance cikin shugabannin da ke kira da a ƙarfafa haɗin gwiwar tattalin arziki tsakanin ƙasashen yankin East African Community (EAC), musamman wajen sauƙaƙa zirga-zirgar kaya da mutane.
A Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya (UN), Samia ta zama murya mai karfi wajen kare muradan ƙasashen Afirka da kuma batun da ya shafi sauyin yanayi. Ta nemi ƙasashen masu masana’antu da su ɗauki nauyin rage illar sauyin yanayi ga ƙasashe masu tasowa.
Ta kuma kasance ɗaya daga cikin shugabannin mata mafi tasiri a duniya, tare da shugabannin mata na Ethiopia, Namibia, da Iceland, inda ake kallon ta a matsayin wakiliyar sabuwar kafa ta shugabancin mata mai hangen nesa.
Rayuwarta ta ƙashin kai
Samia Suluhu Hassan mace ce mai sauƙin hali da natsuwa. Tana da miji mai suna Hassan Mwinyi, ɗan tsohon shugaban ƙasa Ali Hassan Mwinyi. Suna da ’ya’ya huɗu. Daya daga cikinsu, Wanu Hafidh Ameir, tana cikin Majalisar Dokokin Zanzibar.
Ta shahara saboda natsuwarta, da sanin ya kamata. A wajen aiki, tana da ƙwarewa wajen sauraron ra’ayoyin mutane kafin ta yanke hukunci. A lokuta da dama, ta nuna halin tausayi da jajircewa, musamman wajen tallafa wa mata, marasa galihu, da kuma ƙarfafa ilimin ’yanmata.
Samia tana magana da harsuna da dama, ciki har da Kiswahili, Turanci, da kuma Larabci, wanda hakan ya ba ta damar mu’amala da shugabannin duniya cikin sauƙi. A wajen tattaunawa, ana yaba mata saboda nutsuwa, ladabi, da iya amfani da kalmomi masu kwantar da hankali.
Addininta na Musulunci ya taka rawa wajen tsara halayenta, inda take yawan jaddada muhimmancin adalci, gaskiya, da zaman lafiya a dukkan al’amuran mulki.
Nasarorin mulkinta
Shugaba Samia Suluhu Hassan ta kafa tarihi a nahiyar Afirka da duniya bakiɗaya. Ta zama tamkar alamar canji a shugabancin mata, inda ta tabbatar cewa mace ma za ta iya gudanar harkokin ƙasa cikin hikima da natsuwa. A ƙarƙashin mulkinta, an samu nasarori da dama kamar:
- Ƙarfafa dimokuraɗiyya da ’yancin faɗar albarkacin baki bayan shekaru na takurawa.
- Haɗa kan ƙasa, musamman tsakanin yankunan Zanzibar da sauransu.
- Ba da damar zuba jari daga ƙasashen waje ta hanyar gyaran dokokin kasuwanci.
- Ƙarfafa wa mata gwiwa a siyasa, gwamnati, da sauran fannoni na rayuwa.
- Taimakawa cigaban ilimi da kiwon lafiya, ta hanyar ƙara kasafin kuɗi a waɗannan ɓangarori.
- Mulkinta ya ci gaba da zama abin nazari a fannoni daban-daban, musamman wajen fahimtar yadda shugabanci mai tausayi da haɗin kai ke iya samar da zaman lafiya da cigaba a ƙasa mai tsarin dimokuraɗiyya.
Manazarta
Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM). (2020). Samia Suluhu Hassan: A trailblazer in Tanzanian politics. CCM Press.
Mwinyi, H. (2018). A new era: Leadership and economic reforms in East Africa. Tanzanian Journal of Economics, 21(4), 98-112.
Suluhu Hassan, S. (2021). Samia Suluhu Hassan: The first female president of Tanzania. Journal of African Leadership, 12(3), 54-67.
United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). (2021). Samia Suluhu Hassan’s diplomatic efforts and economic recovery plans for Tanzania. UNDP Report.
World Bank. (2021). The economic vision under President Samia Suluhu Hassan: A focus on infrastructure and investment. World Bank Report.
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