Superfetation wani lamari ne mai matuƙar wahalar samuwa a tsarin haihuwa, inda mace ke ƙara ɗaukar wani cikin duk da cewa tana da wani a cikin mahaifa. Hakan na faruwa ne dalilin wani ƙwan ko ƙwayar halittar haihuwar suna haɗuwa da maniyyi bayan an riga an sami cikin farko.
Kalmar Superfetation ta samo asali ne daga Latin “super” wadda ke nufin “fiye da” da kuma “fetus” wato “jariri”.
Ma’anarta ita ce samuwar ciki na biyu yayin da wani ciki yake cikin mahaifa. Wannan yana nufin mace tana iya samun ciki sau biyu a lokaci ɗaya amma cikin lokuta daban-daban. Yawanci jariran biyu da aka samu daga wannan yanayi suna da lokutan haihuwa mabambanta wanda wani lokaci na iya zama kwanaki ko makwanni a tsakani.
Lamarin na da ban mamaki saboda tsarin jikin mace a bisa al’ada ba ya barin hakan ta faru, domin da zarar mace ta ɗauki ciki, jikinta kan daina fitar da ƙwai ko ƙwayar halittar haihuwa da kuma sake haɗuwar maniyyi da shi.
Samuwar superfetation
A tarihin likitanci, an fara samun superfetation tun a ƙarni na 17, lokacin da masana kimiyya suka fara lura da wasu mata da suka haifi jarirai biyu masu bambancin girma da kuma lokacin haihuwa. Wasu likitoci irin su Hippocrates sun ambaci yiwuwar hakan a zamanin da, kodayake ba su da tabbaci a kimiyyance a wancan lokaci. A ƙarni 20 ne aka fara samun tabbatacciyar hujja ta kimiyya bayan gudanar da gwaje-gwaje da hotunan ultrasound sun nuna cewa akwai jarirai biyu da suka bambanta a lokacin ɗaukar ciki a jikin mace ɗaya.
Bambanci tsakanin superfetation da superfecundation
Akwai bambanci tsakanin waɗannan yanayi guda biyu masu rikitarwa, duk da cewa suna da kusanci matuƙa da juna.
- Superfecundation: Ya ƙunshi yadda mace ta samu ɗaukar ciki da ƙwayoyi fiye da ɗaya a lokaci guda daga jima’i daban-daban. Misali, mace na iya yin jima’i da maza biyu a cikin kwanaki ɗaya ko biyu, ta kuma ɗauki ciki daga dukkansu.
- Superfetation: Superfetation kuwa yana nufin mace ta samu ɗaukar ciki bayan wani ciki ya riga ya samu, wato bayan an rufe hanyoyin da suke kawo ƙwai. Wannan shi ne yasa yake da matuƙar wahala.
Yadda superfetation ke faruwa
A tsarin haihuwar mace, da zarar an sami ciki, jikinta na hana sake fitowar ƙwai ta hanyar sinadarin progesterone da estrogen wanda ke rufe tsarin ovulation (fitowar ƙwai). Haka kuma, mahaifa tana toshe hanyar maniyyi zuwa cikinta. Sai dai a lokuta na musamman, waɗannan matakai ba su cika aiki yadda ya kamata ba.
A irin wannan yanayi, mace na iya sake ɗaukar ciki yayin da take da wani cikin. Idan aka yi jima’i a wannan lokacin, ƙwai na biyu zai iya haɗuwa da maniyyi kuma ya kama mahaifa ta daban ko a wuri daban na cikin mahaifar. Wannan yana haifar da samuwar jarirai biyu masu ɗauke da lokutan haihuwa daban-daban.
Alamomin samuwar superfetation
Superfetation ba shi da sauƙin ganewa saboda alamomi irin su tashin zuciya, kasala, da ƙarin nauyi duk suna kama da na samuwar ciki da kuma al’ada. Sai dai a lokacin ɗaukar hoton ultrasound, likita zai iya lura cewa jarirai biyu suna cikin mahaifa amma girmansu ya bambanta sosai. Wasu lokuta jariri ɗaya kan bayyana ya fi ɗaya girma sosai, wanda ke nuna cewa an ɗauki ciki a lokuta daban-daban. Saboda haka, ba kowane likita ne ke gane superfetation da wuri ba, sai an yi amfani da na’urar ultrasound mai ƙarfi.
Abubuwan da ke jawo faruwar superfetation
Masana sun gano cewa abubuwan da suke haifar da wannan matsala suna da dama, sai dai sun bayyana wasu daga ciki kamar haka:
- Rashin cikakken aikin hormones masu hana ovulation (fitowar ƙwai).
- Amfani da hanyoyin haihuwa na Artificial Reproductive Techniques (kamar IVF).
- Magunguna ko cututtuka da ke shafar tsarin hormone.
- Matsalolin tsarin mahaifa ko ƙwayoyin halitta.
- Canjin tsarin hormone saboda cututtuka ko magunguna.
Waɗannan na iya taimakawa wajen faruwar wannan yanayi. Duk da haka, har yanzu bincike yana ci gaba don gano dalilai na zahiri da ke sa hakan ya faru.
Tasirin superfetation
Ga mahaifiya, wannan yanayi na iya ƙara nauyi ga mahaifa da haɗarin haihuwa da wuri ko wahalar haihuwa ko kuma buƙatar yin tiyata. Ga jarirai kuwa, wanda aka ɗauka na farko yakan fi na biyu girma, saboda ya fara girmansa tun farko.
Haka kuma, jariri na biyu na iya fuskantar ƙarancin iskar oxygen ko wasu matsalolin lafiya saboda ƙarancin daɗewa a cikin mahaifa. Saboda haka, superfetation na iya zama barazana ga lafiyar uwa da jarirai, kuma yana buƙatar kulawa ta musamman daga likitocin haihuwa.
Matan da suka sami superfetation
A tarihi, an samu rahotannin da suka tabbatar da superfetation. Misali:
A shekara ta 1999, wata mace a Arkansas, Amurka, ta haifi jarirai biyu da suka bambanta da makwanni uku a lokacin ɗaukar ciki.
A shekara ta 2010, wata mace daga India ta haifi jarirai biyu da likitoci suka tabbatar cewa ɗayan ya samu ne makwanni biyu bayan ɗayan.
Waɗannan rahotanni sun tabbatar da cewa, duk da wahalar samuwar superfetation, abu ne mai yiwuwa a wasu lokuta na musamman.
Matsalolin superfetation
Superfetation yana da matsaloli da dama, daga cikin matsalolinsa akwai:
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Akwai rikitarwa wajen gano cikin
Likita yana iya fuskantar ruɗani da kuma wahala wajen fahimtar me ke faruwa saboda jariran biyu suna da bambanci a girma da kuma tsayin lokaci. A wasu lokuta ana iya ɗauka ɗaya daga cikin jariran yana da matsala wajen girma, alhali asalin lamari superfetation ne.
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Haɗarin haihuwa da wuri
Saboda jariran ba su girma lokaci ɗaya ba, idan lokacin haihuwar na farko ya yi, na biyun zai zama ƙarami ko bai gama girma ba. Wannan na iya haifar da haihuwa da wuri ko kuma buƙatar yin C-section (aiki domin cirowa) domin tseratar da duka jariran.
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Matsalolin lafiyar jariran
Jaririn da aka ɗauka daga baya na iya fuskantar:
- Ƙarancin nauyi
- Rashin cikakkiyar lafiyar huhu ko ƙwaƙwalwa
- Buƙatar kulawa ta musamman a asibiti
- Rikicewar tsarin kula da ciki.
Likita yana buƙatar bibiyar ciki da tsari daban, saboda kowanne jariri na da kwanakin ciki (gestational age) daban. Wannan na nufin kulawa, gwaje-gwaje, da tsare-tsaren da likitoci kan bi su samu rikitarwa.
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Tashin hankali ga uwa
Uwar na iya fuskantar:
- Damuwa da tsoro
- Gajiya mai tsanani
- Haɗarin hawan jini ko ciwon sukari na masu juna biyu saboda yanayin jikinta na ɗauke da jarirai biyu masu bambancin lokaci.
Hanyoyin kariya daga superfetation
Duk da cewa superfetation ba ya faruwa sosai, akwai wasu hanyoyi da mace za ta iya bi don rage yiwuwar faruwarsa. Wannan na da muhimmanci musamman ga waɗanda ke amfani da magungunan haɓaka haihuwa (fertility treatments). Ga manyan hanyoyin kariya daga superfetation kamar haka:
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Guje wa jima’i bayan tabbatar da samuwar ciki
Da zarar an tabbatar cewa mace ta ɗauki ciki, ya kamata ta guji jima’i ba tare da kariya ba. Kdayake yawanci ƙwai ba ya fitowa yayin da mace ke da ciki, a wasu lokuta da ba kasafai ba, jiki na iya sake sakin ƙwai wanda zai iya haifar da superfetation.
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Bin shawarar likita yayin amfani da magungunan haihuwa.
Matan da ke amfani da fertility drugs kamar Clomid ko IVF treatments su riƙa bin dokoki da kuma kulawar likita sosai. Waɗannan magunguna kan ƙara ba da damar sakin ƙwai fiye da ɗaya, wanda ke iya haddasa ɗaukar ciki sau biyu a lokuta daban.
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Gwaje-gwajen farko na ciki
Akwai buƙatar mace ta fara zuwa asibiti da wuri bayan ta gano tana da ciki, domin likita ya duba ta ta tsarin ultrasound. Wannan yana taimakawa wajen gano duk wata matsala tun da wuri, ciki har da superfetation idan ya faru.
Manazarta
ABC News. (2009, September 24). Arkansas Pregnant woman is pregnant again. ABC News.
Cleveland Clinic. (2025, September 25). Superfetation. Cleveland Clinic
De Bellefonds, C. (2025, January 13). Can you get pregnant while you’re pregnant? Superfetation, explained. BabyCenter.
Healthline. (2018, March 26). Superfetation. Healthline
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