Zazzabin typhoid cuta ce da ƙwayar cuta ta Salmonella Typhi (Salmonella Typhi) ke haifarwa. Tana cutar da ƙaramin hanji (gut) kuma tana haifar da zazzaɓi mai zafi da ciwon ciki da sauran alamomi.
Zazzabin typhoid cuta ce da ke kama mutane daga ƙwayar cutar Salmonella Typhi. Tana haifar da zazzaɓin mai zafi da alamomin mura da gudawa. Typhoid na iya zama barazana ga rayuwa kuma ya kamata a yaƙe da shi da sauri tare da maganin riga-kafi. Idan kuna zaune a ko tafiya zuwa yankin da typhoid ya zama ruwan dare, ya kamata ku yi allurar riga-kafi.
Zazzaɓin typhoid yana farawa da zazzaɓi wanda ke ƙaruwa a hankali cikin ‘yan kwanaki. Sauran alamun suna biyo baya yayin da ƙwayoyin cuta ke yaɗuwa a cikin jiki.
Zazzabin typhoid a da ya zama ruwan dare a duniya, amma yanzu ba kasafai ake samun shi a ƙasashe irin su Amurka, Kanada, Japan, Yammacin Turai, da Ostiraliya ba, saboda ana sarrafa shara kuma maganin ruwa don kashe kwayoyin cuta. Zazzaɓin ya fi yawa a yankunan karkara na kasashe masu tasowa inda babu tsarin tsaftar zamani. Kasashe a Kudu da Kudu maso Gabashin Asiya, Amurka ta Tsakiya da Kudancin Amurka, Afirka da Caribbean sun fi fama da cutar ta typhoid. Yara sun fi kamuwa da typhoid fiye da manya. Yana cutar da mutane miliyan 21 a duniya kowace shekara. Yara sun fi kamuwa da shi fiye da manya.
Zazzaɓin typhoid da typhus
Waɗannan cututtuka sun yi kama da juna, saboda suna da alamomi iri ɗaya, kuma mutane sun kasance suna tunanin cewa abu ɗaya ne ma. Amma yanzu da ake da kayan aiki na zamani, an san cewa nau’ikan kwayoyin cutar salmonella iri biyu ne ke haifar da su. A Amurka, mutane galibi suna kamuwa da typhus daga ƙuma waɗanda ke ɗaukar cutar ta hanyar cizon beraye yayin da zazzabin typhoid yakan yaɗu ta hanyar gurɓataccen abinci.
Yadda zazzaɓin typhoid ke yaɗuwa
Mutanen da ke fama da zazzaɓin typhoid suna yaɗa ƙwayar cutar a cikin fitsari da feshin numfahi (yawu da sauran su). A yadda shafin WebMD suka yi bayani. Idan ba su wanke hannayensu da kyau ba bayan sun shiga banɗaki, kwayar cutar tana tsayawa a hannunsu. Daga nan sai ta yaɗu zuwa jikin wasu abubuwa, ciki har da ruwa da abinci. Ƙwayoyin cutar na iya rayuwa na tsawon makonni a cikin ruwa ko busassun najasa kamar kashi da kakin majina da sauran su. Idan ka sha ko aka ci gurɓataccen abinci ko ruwa, ƙwayoyin cuta za su shiga jiki. Gabaɗaya wannan shi ne yadda cutar ke yaɗuwa. Da wahala dai ƙwayar cutar zazzaɓin typhoid ta yaɗu don kusantar majiyyaci kawai.
Bambanci tsakanin typhoid da typhus
Yayin da sunayensu suke da sauti iri daya, typhoid da typhus cututtuka ne daban-daban, waɗanda ƙwayoyin cuta ke haifar da su. Alamominsu sun yi kama.
Alamomin zazzaɓin typhoid
Zazzabin Typhoid ya samo asali ne daga zazzabi mai zafi wanda zai iya daukar makonni idan ba a magance shi ba. Sau da yawa yana ci gaba da muni cikin ‘yan kwanaki. Sauran alamomin zazzaɓin typhoid a cewar Mayo clinic sun hada da:
- Ciwon kai
- sanyi
- Rashin ci
- Ciwon ciki (ciki)
- Wasu kurji yawanci a kan kirji ko ciki
- Tari
- Ciwon tsoka
- Tashin zuciya da amai.
- Zawo ko gudawa
Abin da ke haddasa zazzabin typhoid
Kwayar cutar ta S. Typhi ce ke haifar da zazzabin typhoid. Yana rayuwa a cikin hanji (hanji) na masu kamuwa da cuta kuma yana iya gurɓata abinci da ruwa.
Yaya zazzabin typhoid ke yaduwa?
Zazzabin Typhoid yawanci yana yaɗuwa ta abinci ko ruwan da aka gurbata da S. Typhi. Hakan na iya faruwa idan mai taifot ya taba abin da kuke ci ko ku sha ba tare da wanke hannu ba. Haka nan yana iya faruwa idan ruwa gurɓatacce ya shiga cikin ruwan da kuke sha ko kan abincin da kuke ci.
Typhoid yana yaɗuwa ta hanyar sumbata?
A’a, typhoid ba ya yaduwa ta hanyar sumbata. Yawancin lokaci ba a ɗaukar zazzaɓin typhoid kai tsaye daga wani mutum. Amma za a iya ɗaukar shi idan aka taɓa wani abu da masu cutar suka taɓa alhali ba su wanke hannayensu ba bayan sun shiga banɗaki.
Matakan zazzaɓin typhoid
Alamomin zazzabin typhoid na bayyana a hankali a matakai huɗu. Jiyya a matakin farko tare da maganin riga-kafi kan iya daƙile ci gaban cutar zuwa matakai na gaba. BLK-Max Super Speciality Hospital, sun zayyana matakai huɗu na zazzaɓin typhoid kamar haka:
Mataki na 1
Kuna iya fara ganin bayyanar alamomin taifot a ko’ina daga kwanaki biyar zuwa 14 bayan kamuwa da ƙwayar S. Typhi. Alamar farko ita ce zazzaɓi da ke ƙaruwa a cikin ‘yan kwanaki . Ana kiran shi, stepwise tun lokacin da ya hau matakin. Ƙwayoyin cutar suna motsawa cikin jini a wannan matakin.
Mataki na 2
Kusan mako na biyu na zazzaɓi, ƙwayoyin cuta suna ƙaruwa a cikin facin ku na Peyer (ɓangare na tsarin riga-kafi ku wanda ke gano mahara masu cutarwa). Za ku fara fuskantar ciwon ciki da sauran alamomin rashin jin daɗi ciki, kamar gudawa ko zawo. Kuna iya ganin ƙananan ɗigon ruwan hoda ko a kan fata waɗanda suke kama da kurji.
Mataki na 3
Idan ba a bi zazzaɓin da maganin riga-kafi ba, ƙwayoyin cutar na iya haifar da mummunan yanayi, yawanci kusan a mako na uku bayan bayyanar alamomin hakan ke farawa. Wasu mutanen suna fuskantar matsala mai tsanani, kamar zubar da jini da kumburi a cikin ƙwaƙwalwa.
Mataki na 4
Mataki na hudu shi ne lokacin da yawancin mutane suka fara farfadowa. Wato zazzaɓin ya fara saukowa. S. Typhi na iya rayuwa a cikin gallbladder ba tare da haifar da wata alama ba, wanda hakan ke nuna cewa har yanzu za a iya yaɗa shi ko da bayan an warke.
Hanyoyin gwaje-gwaje
Hanyoyin gwaje-gwajen zazzaɓin typhoid na da yawa kamar yadda shafin yanar gizon asibitin Cleveland Clinic ya bayyana. Likita zai ɗauki samfuran ruwan jiki don gwada alamomin cutar S. Typhi. Ana iya ɗaukar samfuran kamar haka:
- Jini: Likita zai yi amfani da allura don ɗaukar ɗan ƙanƙanen adadi na jini daga hannun marar lafiya.
- Bahaya: Wannan ma likita zai ba wa marar lafiya mazubi tare da bayanin yadda za a tattara wannan samfurin.
- Fitsari: Ana ba wa marar lafiya wani mazubi ya yi fitsari a ciki domin duba alamomin zazzaɓin typhoid.
- Haka nan likita na iya duba wani waje a jikin fata domin ya ɗauki samfurin da za a yi gwajin cutar zazzaɓin typhoid.
- Ɓargo: Likita zai iya huta fata yayi amfani da allura ta musamman don ɗaukar samfurin ɓargo a cikin ƙasusuwa. Ba kasafai ake wannan gwajin ba.
- Likita na iya ɗaukar hotuna na X-ray (wato hotunan jiki) don binciken canje-canje a cikin huhu.
Magungunan typhoid
Akwai nau’ikan magunguna da riga-kafi na zazzaɓin typhoid wanda suka kasu gida biyu kamar yadda kafar Medicover Hospital suka bayyana. Akwai magungunan sha ta baki, akwai kuma na jiki allurai.
Maganin baki na zazzaɓin typhoid
Ana yin amfani da maganin rigakafi na baka don matsananciyar zazzabin typhoid. Wadannan magunguna sun dace kamar yadda za’a iya ɗaukar su a gida. Ga wasu maganin rigakafi na baka da aka saba amfani da su:
Ciprofloxacin
Ciprofloxacin wani maganin rigakafi ne da aka fi amfani dashi don magance zazzabin typhoid. Yana aiki ta hana ƙwayoyin cuta damar haɓaka. Matsakaicin adadin yau da kullun shi ne 500-750 mg sau biyu a rana tsawon kwanaki 7-14.
Azithromycin
Azithromycin wani maganin haɗiya ta baka ne mai inganci. Yawancin lokaci ana fifita shi don ɗan gajeren lokacin jiyya da ƙarancin illolinsa. Matsakaicin adadin shivne 500 mg sau ɗaya a rana tsawon kwana bakwai.
Cefixime
Cefixime, ana ba marasa lafiya waɗanda ba su samu cikakkun sauran maganin riga-kafi ba. Matsakaicin adadin shi ne 200-400 mg sau biyu a rana tsawon kwanaki 7-14.
Magungunan riga-kafi na jiki
A lokuta masu tsanani na zazzaɓin typhoid ko kuma lokacin da maganin riga-kafi na baka ba shi da tasiri, ana amfani da maganin riga-kafi na ciki. Ana gudanar da maganin riga-kafi na IV a cikin asibiti don tabbatar da ingantacciyar kulawa.
Ceftriaxone
Ceftriaxone maganin riga-kafi ne mai ƙarfi na IV wanda aka fi amfani da shi don tsananin zazzabin typhoid. Ana gudanar da shi a matsayin gram 1-2 sau ɗaya a rana tsawon kwanaki 10-14.
Chloramphenicol
Chloramphenicol wani zaɓi ne don gudanar da IV. Yana da tasiri amma yana iya samun ƙarin illa idan aka kwatanta da sauran maganin riga-kafi. Matsakaicin adadin yau da kullun shi ne 50-75 mg / kg kowace rana, an raba shi cikin allurai huɗu don kwanaki 10-14.
Tsawon lokacin zazzaɓin typhoid
Zazzabin Typhoid yana ɗaukar kwanaki bakwai zuwa 10 idan aka yi maganin jim kaɗan bayan bayyanar shi. Idan ba a kula da shi ba ko kuma idan an fara magani daga baya, zai iya ɗaukar makonni uku ko fiye. Idan ya rukice ko kuma ya sake dawowa, zai iya ɗaukar lokaci fiye da haka don murmurewa gabaɗaya.
Shin zazzabin typhoid na kisa?
Typhoid na iya kaiwa ga mutuwa idan ba a yi gaggawar magance shi ba. Amma tare da magungunan zamani, yawancin mutane suna rayuwa kuma suna murmurewa sosai. Daga cikin miliyoyin mutanen da aka gano suna ɗauke da zazzabin typhoid a kowace shekara, kusan kashi 1 zuwa 2% na waɗanda suka kamu da cutar suna mutuwa ne.
Manazarta
BLK-Max Super Speciality Hospital. (n.d.). Typhoid Fever: Everything you need to know.
Mayo Clinic: (2023 January 28) Typhoid fever – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic.
Medicover Hospital (n.d.) Magance zazzabin Typhoid: Mahimman magunguna & Gudanar da Alamun. Medicover Hospital
WebMD: (2024, February 29) Typhoid fever (Salmonella typhi). WebMD.
Cleveland Clinic: (2024, May 1). Typhoid fever. Cleveland Clinic.